1572 Results for: "ph buffer solutions"

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 210-220kDa, which is identified as the complement receptor 1 (CR1)/CD35. This mAb does not block CR1 activity. It is highly specific to CR1 and shows no cross-reaction with CR2. The primary function of CR1 is to serve as the cellular receptor for C3b and C4b, the most important components of the complement system leading to clearance of foreign macromolecules. The Knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are restricted to the B-cell regions of secondary lymphoid follicles. They are CD21+/CD35+/CD1a-. This mAb labels follicular dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a protein doublet of 20-22kDa, identified as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1) or Melan-A. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Seven other melanoma associated antigens recognized by autologous cytotoxic T cells include MAGE-1, MAGE-3, tyrosinase, gp100, gp75, BAGE-1, and GAGE-1. Subcellular fractionation shows that MART-1 is present in melanosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. This mAb labels melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation. It is also a useful positive-marker for angiomyolipomas. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55kDa is also detected. This mAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this mAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This mAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Prosci

TIMP3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3), along with family members TIMP1, TIMP2, and TIMP4, are inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of peptidases involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). An imbalance between MMPs and the associated TIMPs may play a significant role in the invasive phenotype of malignant tumors. TIMP’s inhibit the proteolytic invasiveness of tumor cells and normal placental trophoblast cells. TIMP3 may be involved in regulating trophoblastic invasion of the uterus as well as in regulating remodeling of the extracellular matrix during the folding of epithelia, and in the formation, branching and expansion of epithelial tubes.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb is part of a panel of reagents which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. Clone NM95 antibody recognizes an antigenic marker associated with the nucleoli in human cells. The antibody can be used to stain the nucleoli in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a speckled pattern in the nuclei of cells of normal and malignant cells. The nucleoli marker antibody can be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations and formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

Supplier: Prosci

This cytokeratin 18 antibody reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 18 and 8 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Prosci

Expression of DOG-1/ANO1/TMEM16A protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. ANO1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GISTs, including all c-kit negative GISTs. Overexpression has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG-1/ANO1 and c-kit in GISTs is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55kDa is also detected. This mAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this mAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This mAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb reacts with a 200kDa protein, identified as heavy subunit of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68kDa (NF-L), 160kDa (NF-M) and 200kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.

Supplier: Prosci

By immunohistochemistry, it specifically recognizes a protein in melanocytes and melanomas. This mAb reacts with junctional and blue nevus cells and variably with fetal and neonatal melanocytes. Intradermal nevi, normal adult melanocytes, and non-melanocytic cells are negative. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin. Metastatic amelanotic melanoma can often be confused with a variety of poorly differentiated carcinomas, large cell lymphomas, and sarcomas using H & E stains alone. It is also difficult to differentiate melanoma from spindle cell carcinomas and various types of mesenchymal neoplasms. It stains fetal and neonatal melanocytes, junctional and blue nevus cells, and malignant melanoma.

Supplier: Prosci

CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (+).

Supplier: Prosci

CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. CD74 antibody stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. antibody to CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (+).

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody is specific to the kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general, the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Prosci

Expression of TMEM16A (DOG1) protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST’s), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. It is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for TMEM16A has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GIST’s, including all c-kit negative GIST’s. Overexpression has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFR alpha) mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of TMEM16A and c-kit in GIST’s is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes 78kDa moesin protein. Moesin, a member of the talin-4.1 superfamily, is a linking protein of the sub-membranous actin cytoskeleton. It is expressed in variable amounts in cells of different phenotypes such as macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblastic, endothelial, epithelial, and neuronal cell lines but not in blood cells. The ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin, and moesin are involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell adhesion, migration, and the organization of cell surface structures, and are highly homologous, both in protein sequence and in functional activity, with merlin/schwannomin, a neurofibromatosis-2-associated tumor-suppressor protein. Cell lines of epithelial and mesothelial origin contain both moesin and radixin whereas cells of endothelial and lymphoid origin express moesin.

Supplier: Prosci

Early Mitotic Inhibitor-1 regulates mitosis by inhibiting the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC). It is a conserved F box protein containing a zinc-binding region essential for APC inhibition. The protein functions to promote cyclin A accumulation and S phase entry in somatic cells by inhibiting the APC complex. At the G1-S transition, EMI-1 is transcriptionally induced by the E2F transcription factor. Overexpression accelerates S-phase entry and can override a G1 block caused by overexpression of Cdh1 or the E2F-inhibitor p105 retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Depleting cells of EMI-1 through RNA interference prevents accumulation of cyclin A and inhibits S phase entry.

Supplier: Prosci

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45RB is expressed on mature B-lymphocytes and the majority of lymphomas and leukemias of B-cell origin. This antigen is also expressed on the surface of cells of myeloid lineage.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a 180-185kDa protein, identified as isoform of leukocyte common antigen (CD45) called CD45RO (4th Leucocyte Typing Workshop: Code No. N31). The epitope recognized by this antibody is sensitive to neuraminidase digestion. CD45RO is found on mature activated T-cells, most thymocytes, and a sub-population of resting T-cells within both CD4 and CD8 subsets. The CD45RO antibody shows no reactivity with normal B or natural killer cells, but reacts with granulocytes and monocytes. Reportedly, antibody to CD45RO is useful to identify T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. It rarely stains NK cells or B-cell lymphomas.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK14. In normal epithelia, it stains stratified epithelia, myoepithelial cells and basal cells in the prostate gland and bronchi. This mAb shows no reactivity with hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, proximal renal tubules, or endometrial glands; there is no reactivity with cells derived from simple epithelia. Mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, neural tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors are negative with this antibody. It stains myoepithelial cells and has been shown to be useful in distinguishing prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate. This antibody has also been useful in separating benign from malignant intraductal breast proliferations.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb reacts with a protein of 20-30kDa, identified as PGP9.5, also known as ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1 (UchL1). Initially, PGP9.5 expression in normal tissues was reported in neurons and neuroendocrine cells but later it was found in distal renal tubular epithelium, spermatogonia, Leydig cells, oocytes, melanocytes, prostatic secretory epithelium, ejaculatory duct cells, epididymis, mammary epithelial cells, Merkel cells, and dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, immunostaining for PGP9.5 has been shown in a wide variety of mesenchymal neoplasms as well. A mutation in PGP9.5 gene is believed to cause a form of Parkinson's disease.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes actin of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. It is not reactive with other mesenchymal cells except for myoepithelium. Actin can be resolved on the basis of its isoelectric points into three distinctive components: alpha, beta, and gamma in order of increasing isoelectric point. Anti-muscle specific actin recognizes alpha and gamma isotype of all muscle groups. Non-muscle cells such as vascular endothelial cells and connective tissues are non-reactive. Also, neoplastic cells of non-muscle-derived tissue such as carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas are negative. It stains tumors of smooth muscle (leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) as well as skeletal muscle (rhabdomyomas and rhabdomyosarcomas).

Supplier: Prosci

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, has been identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system according to cell type. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45R functions as a phosphor-tyrosine phosphatase. Antibody to CD45 is useful in differential diagnosis of lymphoid tumors from non-hematopoietic undifferentiated neoplasms.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It is reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18.

Supplier: Aqua Solutions

BUFFER REFERENCE PH 4.0-1460

Supplier: Invitrogen

Thermo Scientific Pierce Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 is one of the most common forms of coomassie dye, which is a key component of various colorimetric protein gel stains.

Supplier: Prosci

It recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 95/115/135kDa (depending upon the extent of glycosylation), identified as CD43. 70-90% of T-cell lymphomas and from 22-37% of B-cell lymphomas express CD43. No reactivity has been observed with reactive B-cells. So a B-lineage population that co-expresses CD43 is highly likely to be a malignant lymphoma, especially a low-grade lymphoma, rather than a reactive B-cell population. When CD43 antibody is used in combination with anti-CD20, effective immunophenotyping of the lymphomas in formalin-fixed tissues can be obtained. Co-staining of a lymphoid infiltrate with anti-CD20 and anti-CD43 argues against a reactive process and favors a diagnosis of lymphoma.