1576 Results for: "ph buffer solutions"

Supplier: Prosci

It recognizes an oncofetal glycoprotein with a single chain of 70kDa, which is identified as alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This mAb is highly specific to AFP and shows no cross-reaction with other oncofetal antigens or serum albumin. AFP is normally synthesized in the liver, intestinal tract, and yolk sac of the fetus. Antibody to AFP has been shown to be useful in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and germ cell neoplasms, especially yolk sac tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exist (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type I isoform is a cytosolic enzyme and expressed predominantly in the liver as a component of the urea cycle. Inherited deficiency of this enzyme results in argininemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperammonemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [RefSeq]

Supplier: Prosci

The Pax gene family of nuclear transcription factors is comprised of nine members that function during embryogenesis to regulate the temporal and position-dependent differentiation of cells. Pax-7 is a protein specifically expressed in cultured satellite cell-derived myoblasts. In situ hybridization reveals that Pax-7 is also expressed in satellite cells residing in adult muscle. A chromosomal aberration in the gene encoding Pax-7 causes rhabdomyosarcoma 2 (RMS2) (also called alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma).

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody is specific to progesterone receptor and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. Progesterone receptor is expressed as two major isoforms, PR-A (81kDa) and PR-B (116kDa). Expression of progesterone receptor has been suggested to reflect a intact estrogen regulatory machinery and therefore predict better clinical response to endocrine therapy than ER alone. This progesterone receptor antibody is excellent for immunohistochemical staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.

Supplier: Prosci

Podocalyxin is a member of the CD34 transmembrane sialomucin family. It is over-expressed on the podocyte foot projections and plays essential roles in kidney development and homeostasis, blood filtration and urine formation. It is also expressed on vascular endothelia, hematopoietic progenitors and a subset of neurons. Overexpression may be linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. Podocalyxin antibody can identify podocytes in the urine (podocyturia) that may indicate glomerular disease, pre-eclampsia, and other kidney pathology.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with a protein of ~13kDa, identified as alpha sub-unit of HCG. HCG is a glycoprotein which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. HCG is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Supplier: Prosci

Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), also called Secretory component p85, a soluble protein that is involved in endochondral bone formation, angiogenesis, and tumor biology. It also interacts with a variety of extracellular and structural proteins, contributing to the maintenance of skin integrity and homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with lipoid proteinosis disorder (also known as hyalinosis cutis et mucosae or Urbach-Wiethe disease) that is characterized by generalized thickening of skin, mucosae and certain viscera. [RefSeq]

Supplier: Prosci

CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+).

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes multi cytokeratins: 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 18. It is a broad-spectrum cytokeratin antibody which has been reported to be used to differentiate epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors. Many studies have shown the usefulness of cytokeratin markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.

Supplier: Prosci

CD45RB is one of the four major isoforms of CD45.  The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved.  Clone PD7/26 antibody is specific to CD45RB, and stains most leukemias and lymphomas. This CD45RB antibody is often used in a cocktail with clone 2B11, which will bind to all CD45 isoforms (Cat No V2243).

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 180-185kDa protein, identified as isoform of leukocyte common antigen (CD45RO). This antibody reacts with mature activated T-cells, most thymocytes, and a sub-population of resting T-cells within both CD4 and CD8 subsets. It shows no reactivity with normal B or natural killer cells, but reacts with granulocytes and monocytes. Reportedly, it is useful to identify T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. It rarely stains NK cells or B-cell lymphomas.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a 24-27kDa estrogen-regulated protein, identified as heat shock protein 27 (hsp27). HSP27 was recently found to be identical to the estrogen-induced “p29” and “24K” protein. About 50% of breast carcinomas are positive for HSP27, especially those that are also positive for estrogen and/or progesterone receptor. HSP27 has also been implicated in drug resistance in cancer cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Napsin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAPSA gene. The activation peptides of aspartic proteinases plays role as inhibitors of the active site. These peptide segments, or pro-parts, are deemed important for correct folding, targeting, and control of the activation of aspartic proteinase zymogens. The pronapsin A gene is expressed predominantly in lung and kidney. Its translation product is predicted to be a fully functional, glycosylated aspartic proteinase precursor containing an RGD motif and an additional 18 residues at its C-terminus. [Wiki]

Supplier: Prosci

ICAM3/CD50 is a member of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) family. All ICAM proteins are type I transmembrane glycoproteins, contain 2-9 immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains, and bind to the leukocyte adhesion LFA-1 protein. This protein is constitutively and abundantly expressed by all leucocytes and may be the most important ligand for LFA-1 in the initiation of the immune response. It functions not only as an adhesion molecule, but also as a potent signalling molecule. [RefSeq]

Supplier: Prosci

EGP40 is a 40-43kDa transmembrane epithelial glycoprotein, also identified as epithelial specific antigen (ESA), or epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM). It is expressed on baso-lateral cell surface in most simple epithelia and a vast majority of carcinomas. This antibody has been used to distinguish adenocarcinoma from pleural mesothelioma and hepatocellular carcinoma. This antibody is also useful in distinguishing serous carcinomas of the ovary from mesothelioma.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

The GSH/GSSG-Glo Assay is a luminescence-based system for the detection and quantification of total glutathione (GSH +GSSG), GSSG and GSH/GSSG ratios in cultured cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 14-16kDa, which is a novel nuclear antigen of proliferating cells. IPO-38 antigen is present in the nuclei of proliferating cells such as Hodgkin s disease and non-Hodgkin s lymphomas, different forms of leukemias, breast and colorectal carcinomas, and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. It is not expressed in the cells of non-stimulated lymphocytes and granulocytes. IPO-38 can be a useful marker of cell proliferation during monitoring of tumor progression.

Supplier: Prosci

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, also called Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) and Testosterone-Estradiol-Binding Globulin (TEBG), functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17-beta-estradiol. Regulates the plasma metabolic clearance rate of steroid hormones by controlling their plasma concentration. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 21kDa-25kDa, identified as retinol binding protein-1 (RBP1). This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein post-transnationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes the D1 domain of an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM3 (Leucocyte Workshop VI). It is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signaling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This CD50 antibody is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.

Supplier: Prosci

Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

The MAGE family of genes codes an important group of antigens. It was identified that melanomas and primary glial brain tumors express common melanoma associated antigens (MAAs). Because MAGE-1 is expressed on a significant proportion of human neoplasms of various histological types (melanoma, brain tumors of glial origin, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, renal cell carcinomas) and not on normal tissues, the encoded antigen may serve as a marker of early detection and target for cancer immunotherapy.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes cytokeratin 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 18. This is a broad-spectrum antibody which has been reported to differentiate epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.

Supplier: Prosci

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone synthesized and secreted by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. In the ovary, FSH stimulates the growth of immature Graafian follicles to maturation. As the follicle grows, it releases inhibin, which deactivates the FSH production. In men, FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testis and is critical for spermatogenesis. FSH and LH act synergistically in reproduction. FSH is a useful marker in the classification of pituitary tumors and the study of pituitary disease.

Supplier: Prosci

It recognizes a 24-27kDa estrogen-regulated protein, identified as heat shock protein 27 (hsp27). Hsp27 was recently found to be identical to the estrogen-induced 'p29' and '24K' protein. About 50% of breast carcinomas are positive for hsp27 especially those that are also positive for estrogen and/or progesterone receptor. HSP27 has also been implicated in drug resistance in cancer cells.

Supplier: Prosci

IgM is the first antibody generated in an immune response to an antigen. It is generally a pentamer with each of the five immunoglobulins linked together with disulfide bonds. In its pentamer form, it has a molecular mass of 970 kDa and 10 antigen binding sites (due to the large size of most antigens, not all binding sites can be filled simultaneously.  IgM antibodies account for approximately 5%-10% of all the antibody in the body.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 180-185kDa protein, identified as isoform of leukocyte common antigen (CD45RO). This antibody reacts with mature activated T-cells, most thymocytes, and a sub-population of resting T-cells within both CD4 and CD8 subsets. It shows no reactivity with normal B or natural killer cells, but reacts with granulocytes and monocytes. Reportedly, it is useful to identify T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. It rarely stains NK cells or B-cell lymphomas.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a non-histone protein of 36kDa, which is identified as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). It is also known as cyclin or polymerase delta auxiliary protein. Elevated expression of PCNA/cyclin has been shown in the nucleus during late G1 phase immediately before the onset of DNA synthesis, becoming maximal during S-phase and declining during G2 and M phases.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 14-16kDa, which is a novel nuclear antigen of proliferating cells. IPO38 antigen is present in the nuclei of proliferating cells such as Hodgkin s disease and non-Hodgkin s lymphomas, different forms of leukemias, breast and colorectal carcinomas, and PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. It is not expressed in the cells of non-stimulated lymphocytes and granulocytes. IPO38 may be a useful marker of cell proliferation during monitoring of tumor progression.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes a 27kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. p27Kip1 functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- induced G1 arrest. p27Kip1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. This mAb is excellent for staining of formalin-fixed tissues.