1069 Results for: "Tonbo Biosciences"

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The 30-F11 antibody reacts with mouse CD45, which is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase existing in several isoforms, each being generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With its broad cell distribution, CD45 is critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA, CD45RB and CD45RO.

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The MPC-11 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The MPC-11 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for mouse IgG2b antibodies.

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The GK1.5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

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The 2.43 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation induced by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck and facilitate intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death in tumor cells, as well as in cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

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CFSE is a non-fluorescent molecule that easily diffuses across cell membranes

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The H57-597 antibody is specific for the beta chain of the mouse T cell Receptor (TCR). This cell surface protein combines with a second protein chain (alpha chain) to form the alpha-beta TCR that is expressed by NK1.1+ thymocytes, NKT cells, and the majority of peripheral T cells. A small number of T cells may express an alternative heteromer of gamma/delta protein chains, known as the g/d TCR. These receptors participate in a complex with CD3, and with the co-receptors CD4 or CD8, to recognize and respond to antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death.

The H57-597 antibody is used as a phenotypic marker for T cells expressing the alpha-beta TCR. It is also widely used to cross-link surface TCR and thereby mimic TCR-mediated cell activation or induction of apoptosis. The antibody does not cross-react with cells expressing the g/d TCR.

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The H57-597 antibody is specific for the beta chain of the mouse T cell Receptor (TCR). This cell surface protein combines with a second protein chain (alpha chain) to form the alpha-beta TCR that is expressed by NK1.1+ thymocytes, NKT cells, and the majority of peripheral T cells. A small number of T cells may express an alternative heteromer of gamma/delta protein chains, known as the g/d TCR. These receptors participate in a complex with CD3, and with the co-receptors CD4 or CD8, to recognize and respond to antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. The H57-597 antibody is used as a phenotypic marker for T cells expressing the alpha-beta TCR. It is also widely used to cross-link surface TCR and thereby mimic TCR-mediated cell activation or induction of apoptosis. The antibody does not cross-react with cells expressing the g/d TCR.

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The UCHL1 antibody reacts with the human CD45 isoform known as CD45RO, a protein tyrosine phosphatase of 220 kDa. CD45 is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers, and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). Various isoforms are generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns. With their broad cell distribution, CD45 isoforms are critical for many leukocyte functions, regulating signal transduction and cell activation associated with the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and IL-2 receptor. Other forms of CD45, with restricted cellular expression, include CD45R (B220), CD45RA and CD45RB. The UCHL1 antibody is widely used as a marker for human CD45RO expression on thymocytes, activated memory T cells, monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. The antibody is reported to be cross-reactive for Chimpanzee CD45RO.

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The Human Basic B Lymphocyte backbone panel is a six-color combination of anti-human antibodies. This panel can serve as a backbone to identify the various B lymphocyte subsets, including naive, memory and plasma cells. This panel configuration leaves room for GFP or additional drop-in markers, if desired. Violet laser (405 nm) required for detection of CD45 violetFluoTM 450.

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The L243 antibody reacts with a member of the human MHC Class II antigens, HLA-DR. The HLA-DR antigen is expressed on B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, other antigen presenting cells and progenitor cells. The L243 antibody is specific to an epitope on the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric HLA-DR protein and binds a different epitope than the LN3 antibody clone. It does not cross-react with HLA-DP or HLA-DQ. This antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with non-human primates including Chimpanzee, Cynomolgus, Rhesus and Baboon. Please choose the appropriate format for each application.

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The L243 antibody reacts with a member of the human MHC Class II antigens, HLA-DR. The HLA-DR antigen is expressed on B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, other antigen presenting cells and progenitor cells. The L243 antibody is specific to an epitope on the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric HLA-DR protein and binds a different epitope than the LN3 antibody clone. It does not cross-react with HLA-DP or HLA-DQ. This antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with non-human primates including Chimpanzee, Cynomolgus, Rhesus and Baboon. Please choose the appropriate format for each application.

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The L243 antibody reacts with a member of the human MHC Class II antigens, HLA-DR. The HLA-DR antigen is expressed on B lymphocytes, activated T lymphocytes, activated NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, other antigen presenting cells and progenitor cells. The L243 antibody is specific to an epitope on the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric HLA-DR protein and binds a different epitope than the LN3 antibody clone. It does not cross-react with HLA-DP or HLA-DQ. This antibody is reported to be cross-reactive with non-human primates including Chimpanzee, Cynomolgus, Rhesus and Baboon. Please choose the appropriate format for each application.

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The LTF-2 immunoglobulin is useful as an isotype-matched control. The LTF-2 immunolglobulin has an unknown binding specificity and is used as an isotype control for rat IgG2b antibodies.

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The L17F12 antibody is specific for human CD5, a 67 kD transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on most thymocytes, mature T cells, and a subset of B cells. CD5 is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily and is present on approximately 70% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. CD5 is involved in modulating antigen receptor signaling in both T and B cells and acts through binding of CD72, its receptor expressed on B cells.

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The 2H7 antibody reacts with human CD20, expressed by pre-B cells, resting and activated B cells, follicular dendritic cells and a small subset of T cells, but not on plasma cells. CD20 is a 33-37 kDa transmembrane protein which is differentially phosphorylated in resting and active B cells. The CD20 molecule plays a role in regulating B-cell activation.

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The L17F12 antibody is specific for human CD5, a 67 kD transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on most thymocytes, mature T cells, and a subset of B cells. CD5 is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily and is present on approximately 70% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. CD5 is involved in modulating antigen receptor signaling in both T and B cells and acts through binding of CD72, its receptor expressed on B cells.

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The MY31 antibody reacts with human CD56, also known as the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a glycoprotein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The 140 kDa isoform of CD56 is expressed on human NK cells and NK-T cells, with increased expression levels on activated NK lymphocytes. The CD56 antigen is also expressed by neurons and is reported to play a role in nervous system development and neural cell-to-cell adhesion.

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The RPA-T8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

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The ICRF44 antibody reacts with human CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 and ICAM-4 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

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The OKT4 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

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The MEL-14 antibody is specific for mouse CD62L, also known as L-Selectin, a cell adhesion molecule which facilitates lymphocyte “rolling” on activated vascular endothelium and homing to high endothelial venules (HEV) as immune cells transmigrate from blood into peripheral tissues. L-Selectin is a member of a family of Selectin molecules which act together with the integrin family of adhesion molecules to mediate leukocyte-endothelial interactions. L-Selectin is characteristically expressed by neutrophils, and is also found on B cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and at varying levels on naive, effector and memory T cells. It is rapidly shed upon cell activation, releasing into the circulation a soluble form whose biological role is of particular interest in cancer biology research.

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The 17A2 antibody reacts with the mouse CD3 complex, comprised of CD3 epsilon, CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The 17A2 antibody reacts with the mouse CD3 complex, comprised of CD3 epsilon, CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The OKT3 antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The UCHT1 antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

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The RM4-5 antibody reacts with mouse CD4, a 55 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta2-domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, certain mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

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The HIB19 antibody reacts with human CD19, a 95 kDa glycoprotein which acts as a co-receptor, along with CD21, CD81 and CD225, in support of the functional B cell receptor (BCR). This complex provides antigen-specific recognition and subsequent activation of B cells to proliferate and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (plasma cells) or memory B cells, which are crucial for secondary antigen encounter. CD19 is a lineage-differentiation marker, as its expression is detectable at the earliest B cell stages, through development, and is finally lost upon transition to mature plasma cells.

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The 2.43 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation induced by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck and facilitate intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death in tumor cells, as well as in cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

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The 2.43 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation induced by binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck and facilitate intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death in tumor cells, as well as in cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

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The 2.4G2 antibody is specific for a common epitope found in the extracellular regions of mouse Fc-receptors Fc-gamma II (CD32) and Fc-gamma III (CD16). As these are receptors for the Fc portion of mouse IgG, they may also bind laboratory antibody preparations and products used in a variety of cell analysis protocols such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and functional cell assays. The 2.4G2 antibody is therefore widely used as a pre-treatment reagent to block binding of specific antibodies of interest, e.g. fluorescently conjugated antibodies, to Fc receptors via their Fc domains and contributing to “non-specific” staining.