3039 Results for: "Southern Biotechnology"

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CD30 is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily of proteins. Murine CD30 is expressed predominantly in the thymus and it is inducible in mouse splenocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or concanavalin A. In anti-CD3ε-activated spleen cells, CD30 is expressed primarily on the surface of CD8+ T cells with peak expression on days 4 and 5. Stimulation of CD30+ CTL lines with plate-bound anti-CD30 directly signals IL-5 but not IFN-γ production. While these studies demonstrate that CD30 directs cytokine secretion and suggest that CD30 may play a pivotal role in the pattern of cytokine production by T cells, the precise roles of CD30 and its ligand (CD153) in T-cell development have not been clearly defined.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD45 is the common leukocyte antigen and is expressed on all cells of hematopoietic origin except erythrocytes. CD45 exists as a number of different isoforms which result from alternative RNA splicing of exons 4, 5 and 6. The I3/2.3 monoclonal antibody recognizes a framework epitope present on all CD45 isoforms. The CD45 molecule has been implicated as playing a key role in thymic development and in antigen-driven proliferation of T cells.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Mouse IgG3-PE/CY5 (SPRD) for use as a control in flow cytometry assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Bcl-xL is a 29 kDa member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins involved in regulation of programmed cell death, or apoptosis. It is found in both soluble and membrane fractions of cellular lysates. Like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL has been demonstrated to block apoptosis which is induced by a variety of stimuli and, under certain conditions, offers greater protection against apoptosis than Bcl-2. While formation of heterodimers with the apoptosis-enhancing protein, Bax does not block the apoptosis-suppressing property of Bcl-xL, heterodimerization with Bad effectively inhibits the protective function of Bcl-xL.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD152, also known as CTLA-4, is homologous to the costimulatory molecule CD28. Like CD28, the CD152 molecule binds the family of B7 counter-receptors (CD80 and CD86) on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA-4 is not expressed on resting T lymphocytes but is induced 2-3 days following T cell stimulation via the T cell receptor (TCR) complex. Whereas CD28 provides a positive costimulatory signal, CD152 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, possibly by inhibiting tyrosine kinase signaling through the TCR through its association with tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP-2.

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Goat Anti-Chicken IgY(H+L)-HRP antibody for use in ELISA, immunohistochemistry / immunocytochemistry, and western blotting assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

The monoclonal antibody 14B11 reacts with murine Ly49C, Ly49F, Ly49H, and Ly49I, members of the lectin-like homodimeric Ly49 family of cell surface receptors. Mouse Ly49 receptors exhibit allelic specificity for MHC class I Ia molecules and are thought to serve to prevent natural killer (NK) cells from attacking normal cells while allowing them to attack infected or transformed cells in which class I molecules have been downregulated. These inhibitory receptors are also expressed on a subpopulation of mouse CD8+ T cells. The 14B11 antibody stains ~90% of NK1.1+CD3- splenocytes and ~6% of CD8+ spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. The antibody also stains 30-80% of NK1.1+CD3- splenocytes in other mouse strains tested (BALB/c, C3H, 129, SJL, AKR/J).

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD14 is a 55 kDa glycosphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored single chain glycoprotein. It is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. It is also weakly expressed on neutrophils. CD14 appears to be involved in clearance of gram-negative bacteria via its high affinity binding to LPS-LPB complexes.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

c-Kit is a 145 kDa transmembrane receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-Kit proto-oncogene and is the receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). c-Kit acts to regulate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemotaxis, and adhesion. The amino acid sequence of chicken c-kit shows 63% identity to mouse c-Kit and exhibits similar expression patterns in RNA blot analysis suggesting similar biological roles.

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The lymphocyte surface antigen CD152, also known as CTLA-4, is related to the costimulatory molecule CD28 and both molecules share common B7 family counter-receptors. However CD152 is thought to be a negative regulator of T cell activation and may play a role in apoptotic control of T cells. CD152 is relatively conserved among humans, mice, and chickens.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

The αβ TCR is expressed on T lymphocytes of all mouse strains tested. The H57-597 monoclonal antibody does not react with γδ TCR-bearing cells. Plate-bound or soluble H57-597 activates αβ TCR-bearing T cells. In vitro and in vivo, H57-597 can induce immature thymocytes to undergo apoptosis. In vivo administration of H57-597 has been shown to deplete αβ TCR-bearing cells to near completion and prevent graft rejection.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD22, also known as Lyb-8, is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of a structurally related group of immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily domain-containing proteins called the sialoadhesin family. It is detected in the cytoplasm early in B cell development (late pro-B cell stage), appears on the cell surface concomitant with IgD, and is found on most IgM+IgD+ mature B lymphocytes. Expression is lost with terminal differentiation of B cells and is absent on plasma cells. Activation of B cells via cross-linking of surface Ig increases CD22 expression. CD22 associates with the B cell receptor (BCR) complex and mediates intercellular adhesion. Its intracellular domain is phosphorylated after antigen receptor cross-linking and is involved in negative regulation of B cell activation.

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The monoclonal antibody 14-4-4S reacts with the I-Ek class II alloantigen on cells from mice of the H-2d, H-2p, and H-2r haplotypes. Cells from mice of the H-2b, H-2f, H-2q, and H-2s haplotypes do not express I-E antigen. The antibody has been reported to cross-react with the rat MHC class II alloantigen RT1D.

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Low Endotoxin/Azide Free Rat IgG2b for use as a control in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo assays and as a standard in ELISA.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Purified Goat F(ab')2 Anti-Rat IgG antibody with minimal reactivity to mouse proteins for use in ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Protein tyrosine residues are phosphorylated as a result of intracellular protein kinase activation (e.g., via growth factors) during normal growth and development and in oncogenesis. The most abundant population of target proteins for tyrosine phosphorylation is cell surface glycoproteins. Antibodies to phosphotyrosine enable the detection, isolation, and characterization of proteins containing phosphotyrosine. The monoclonal antibody PY20 prevents internalization of activated receptors (e.g., EGFR) when microinjected into cells. The affinity of PY20 for phosphotyrosine is approximately 10-6 to 10-7 M. PY20 binding to phosphorylated tyrosines can be inhibited by free phosphotyrosine and phenylphosphate but not by phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, or free phosphate.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Goat Anti-Mouse IgG(H+L)-HRP antibody with minimal reactivity to rat proteins for use in ELISA, immunohistochemistry / immunocytochemistry, ELISpot, and western blotting assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Human IgA Lambda-AP for use as a control in ELISA assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

Goat Anti-Mouse IgG(H+L)-AP antibody with minimal reactivity to rat proteins for use in ELISA, immunohistochemistry / immunocytochemistry, ELISpot, and western blotting assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD104 represents the integrin β4 subunit that associates non-covalently with integrin α6 (CD49f) to form the α6β4 integrin heterodimer. The α6β4 complex is expressed on the basal surface of a variety of epithelial cell types particularly on stratified squamous epithelia. It is also found in peripheral nerves, in certain subsets of endothelial cells, and on immature thymocytes. It also has been found to be associated with a number of malignant tissues. Hemidesmosomal α6β4 plays an important role in the adhesion of epithelial cells to basement membranes via interactions with laminin and/or kalinin anchoring filaments. It is not known if the monoclonal antibody 346-11A can block this adhesion.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD19 is a monomeric transmembrane glycoprotein expressed at relatively constant levels throughout B cell development from early pro-B/pre-B cells (i.e. B220+/CD43+/HSA+) through fully differentiated B cell stages. Terminally differentiated plasma cells do not express CD19. In humans, the CD19 molecule on the surface of mature B cells associates with CD21 (CR-2) and CD81 (TAPA-1), and this multimolecular complex synergizes with surface immunoglobulin to provide signal transduction and promote cellular activation. All splenic and peritoneal IgM+ cells of both B-1 and B-2 lineages are CD19+, with B-1 cells expressing higher levels of CD19 than B-2 cells in these sites. Studies with CD19-deficient mice have suggested that this molecule may not be required for normal generation and maturation of B cells in the bone marrow.

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PE/CY5 (SPRD) Anti-Rabbit Ig antibody for use in flow cytometry assays.

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Low Endotoxin/Azide Free Anti-Human IL-7 antibody for use in ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and neutralization assays.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

In the mouse, CD8 exists in two forms – (i) a CD8 heterodimer composed of an α chain (CD8α) and a β chain (CD8β); and (ii) a homodimer of two α chains. The heterodimer is found on the surface of essentially all thymocytes and the “suppressor/cytotoxic” subpopulation of mature T lymphocytes. Subsets of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes express CD8α without CD8β. It has been suggested that CD8+β- T cells mature extrathymically, while development of the CD8α+β+ population of T cells is thymus-dependent. CD8 acts as a coreceptor with MHC Class I-restricted T cell receptors in antigen recognition and positive selection of MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells. In vivo and in vitro treatment with the 53-6.7 monoclonal antibody effectively depletes CD8α+ cells. The 53-6.7 monoclonal antibody also blocks allogeneic help specific for class I MHC antigens and T cell responses to IL-2.

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CD86 (B7-2) is an 80 kDa type I integral membrane protein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors. Along with CD80 (B7-1), CD86 participates in T cell costimulation via interaction with CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4). It is expressed at very low density in normal tissues but is rapidly upregulated on stimulated B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Since CD86 has rapid kinetics of induction, it is believed to be the major CD28 ligand expressed early in the immune response.

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The monoclonal antibody 18d3 reacts with the mouse CD94 receptor subunit, a type II transmembrane glycoprotein. CD94 is expressed on the surface of NK cells, NK T cells, and some memory phenotype CD8+ cells. When CD94 is paired with NKG2A, C, or E subunit, it binds the nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1b and results in a CD94high population by flow cytometry. Approximately half of NK cells do not express NKG2A, C or E; these cells express CD94 on the surface in a form that does not bind Qa-1b and is believed to be nonfunctional, producing a CD94low population by flow cytometry. CD94 is thought to play a role in the adhesion and activation of the NK cell lineage.

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The monoclonal antibody 15-5-5 reacts with the H-2Dk class I alloantigen. It cross-reacts with H-2Kd and with cells from mice with the H-2f haplotype. The antibody does not react with other (e.g., a, b, p, q, r, s) haplotypes.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

The αβ TCR is expressed on T lymphocytes of all mouse strains tested. The H57-597 monoclonal antibody does not react with γδ TCR-bearing cells. Plate-bound or soluble H57-597 activates αβ TCR-bearing T cells. In vitro and in vivo, H57-597 can induce immature thymocytes to undergo apoptosis. In vivo administration of H57-597 has been shown to deplete αβ TCR-bearing cells to near completion and prevent graft rejection.

Supplier: Southern Biotechnology

CD24 is expressed in B cells until their terminal differentiation into plasma cells. It has been used widely as a marker to fractionate different B-lineage differentiation stages. CD24 has been found on a variety of other hematopoietic and neural cell types and is now classified as a costimulatory molecule. The CD24 molecule, also known as HSA, is composed mostly of carbohydrate with a protein core of only 31-35 amino acids in the human and 27 amino acids in the mouse. CD24 is now included in the large group of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins. Studies with purified CD24 applied to latex beads have demonstrated a self-binding property suggesting that the molecule is capable of promoting homotypic aggregation, binding, and cell adhesion. This is supported by earlier observations of the blockade of B cell lymphoblast aggregation with an anti-CD24 monoclonal antibody. Recent studies of murine CD24 have assigned a role for CD24 as a ligand for P-selectin, a calcium-dependent lectin.

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The monoclonal antibody DX5 reacts with CD49b, also known as very late antigen-2 (VLA-2) and α2 integrin. The antibody stains the majority of NK cells and a small subpopulation of T cells in all mouse strains tested (e.g., A/J, AKR, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6, C57BL/10, C57BR, C58, CBA/Ca, CBA/J, DBA/1, DBA/2, SJL, SWR). Three-color flow cytometry analysis has revealed that most cells that express NK-1.1 (NKR-P1C) also express CD49b. However, small subsets of DX5+NK-1.1- and DX5-NK-1.1+ cells can be found, especially among the CD3+ population of T lymphocytes. NK cells cultured in the presence of IL-2 progressively lose reactivity with DX5 as a consequence of cellular proliferation. Therefore, DX5 can be used to define functionally distinct subsets of murine NK cells. The monoclonal antibody DX5 has not been demonstrated to have activating or blocking activity.