421 Results for: "Fujifilm Irvine Scientific"

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

FLT-3 Ligand is a growth factor that regulates proliferation of early hematopoietic cells. FLT-3 Ligand binds to cells expressing the tyrosine kinase receptor FLT-3. FLT-3 ligand by itself does not stimulate proliferation of early hematopoietic cells, but synergizes with other CSFs and interleukins to induce growth and differentiation. Unlike SCF, FLT-3 ligand exerts no activity on mast cells. Multiple isoforms of FLT-3 Ligand have been identified.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine made by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. SCF binds to the receptor c-Kit/CD117 and plays a critical role in the maintenance, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. While human SCF shows no activity on murine cells, murine and rat SCF are active on human cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and T cells. GM-CSF stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells. GM-CSF promotes immune system development and regulates neutrophil function during infection. Human and mouse GM-CSF show no cross-reactivity.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine made by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. SCF binds to the receptor c-Kit/CD117 and plays a critical role in the maintenance, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. While human SCF shows no activity on murine cells, murine and rat SCF are active on human cells.

Supplier: Fujifilm Irvine Scientific

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is an important regulator of B and T cell development. IL-7 is secreted by bone marrow and thymic stromal cells, dendritic cells, intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and keratinocytes. IL-7 signals through the interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) to promote the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. IL-7 is also a regulator of intestinal mucosal lymphocyte proliferation. Human and mouse IL-7 show species cross-reactivity.

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Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a cytokine that is produced by activated T cells and mast cells. IL-3 induces the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid precursor cells, such as erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cells. IL-3 also functions in the nervous system and is important during the B-1 cell regulation of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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B cell-activating factor (BAFF), or B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is a type II member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. BAFF is expressed as a transmembrane protein on T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The transmembrane domain of BAFF can also be cleaved to produce a soluble protein fragment.

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TNF-α signal activation occurs through two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed on most cell types, unlike TNFR2, which is expressed mainly on immune cells. TNF-α functions to stimulate phagocytosis in macrophages, chemoattract neutrophils, increase insulin resistance, and induce fever.

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Eotaxin-3, also known as CCL26, MIP-4-alpha, and TSC-1, is a chemokine that is made by vascular endothelial and lung epithelial cells following interleukin 4 (IL-4) or interleukin 13 (IL-13) stimulation. Eotaxin-3 signals through the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CCR3 to recruit eosinophils and basophils to inflammatory sites.

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Resistin, also known as FIZZ3, is a peptide hormone belonging to a class of cysteine-rich secreted proteins termed the resistin-like molecules (RELM) family. Mouse resistin, produced by adipocytes, is involved in insulin resistance and modulates glucose homeostasis and adipogenesis. 

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Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types. M-CSF also acts through the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to modulate processes involved in immunology, bone metabolism, fertility, and pregnancy. Human M-CSF shows activity on mouse cells; however, mouse M-CSF shows no activity on human cells.

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Thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC), also known as CCL17, is a chemokine that is constitutively produced by thymus tissue and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including dendritic cells. TARC signals through the CCR4 receptor to induce chemotaxis of Type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. TARC is important in asthma and allergic diseases, along with bacterial and viral infections.

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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells.

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Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that is produced by the liver. IGF-1 production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). IGF-I binds the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor to stimulate systemic body growth. IGF-I is one of the most potent activators of the AKT signaling pathway, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits programmed cell death.

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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

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Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines that are involved in immunoregulation. IL-21 is normally expressed by activated CD4+ T cells. The IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and is expressed on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 is a switch factor regulating IgG1 and IgG3 antibody production. IL-21 also cooperates with interleukin 4 (IL-4) for the production of multiple antibody classes in B cells. IL-21 has pleiotropic effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of B, T, NK, and dendritic cells.

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Tumor growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. TGF-α function is mediated through binding the EGF receptor (EGFR) to activate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. TGF-α functions as a mitogen to activate epithelial cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation.

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Cytokines for the differentation of human monycyte-derived dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are an important type of immune cell that function to activate T and B cells via their role as an antigen presenting cell. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood can be differentiated to immature dendritic cells (iDCs) through culturing in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

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IL-4 is an immunomodulatory cytokine that stimulates B cell proliferation and activates eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.

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B cell-attracting chemokine 1 (BCA-1), also known as CXCL13, is expressed at high levels in lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches.  BCA-1 activates signaling through the receptor Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1) to chemoattract B cells.

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Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are multifunctional peptides that regulate growth and differentiation in most cell types. The TGF-β family of proteins signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors. TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2, and –β3) have overlapping, yet distinct biological actions in developing and adult tissues. TGF-β3 is an important factor in regulating cell adhesion and accelerating wound repair. TGF-β3 also functions during osteoblast proliferation, chemotaxis, and collagen synthesis.

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Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is expressed by epithelial cells, activated macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to regulate immune responses. IL-1α signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1α and the independently regulated IL-1β protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.

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Interleukin 36 gamma (IL-36 ɣ) is a member of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) cytokine family and protects against pathogens in the skin, lung, and stomach epithelial barriers. IL-36 ɣ binds the interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and the orphan IL-1R-related protein 2 (IL-1Rrp2) receptors to activate NF-kB and MAP kinase signaling pathways, resulting in the induced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

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Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of early heart disease, such that increased levels of circulating GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure.

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Leptin is a hormone that is produced by adipose tissue and plays critical roles in the physiologic regulation of body weight. Leptin acts through the leptin receptor (LEPR) to regulate adipose mass by inhibiting hunger and balancing energy usage. Leptin mutations cause severe hereditary obesity and hypogonadism in rodents and humans. Leptin also has thermogenic actions, regulates enzymes of fatty acid oxidation, and is involved in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and immune responses.

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IL-2C126S is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes. IL-2C126S signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation.

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IL-2C126S, an immune-regulating cytokine originating from lymphocytes, operates via the IL-2R receptor to trigger the expansion of activated T cells and encourage T cell maturation. IL-2 mediates its action by binding to IL-2 receptors (IL-2R), consisting of either trimeric receptors made of IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), and IL-2Rγ (γc, CD132) chains or dimeric βγ IL-2Rs.

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Exodus-2, also known as CCL21 and 6Ckine, is a chemokine that is strongly produced in the human lymph nodes and spleen. Exodus-2 signals through the chemokine receptor CCR7 to regulate thymocyte and activated T cell migration. Exodus-2 also mediates the homing of lymphocytes to the lymphatic system.

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Interleukin 17A (IL-17A), also known as CTLA-8, is a member of the IL-17 family of proteins. IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine that is secreted by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. IL-17A acts through its receptor, IL-17R, to promote increased cytokine and chemokine secretion. In turn, the cytokines and chemokines mediate the immunoregulatory function of IL-17A by promoting the proliferation, maturation, and chemoattraction of neutrophils to inflammatory sites.  Elevated levels of IL-17A are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, airway inflammation, allograft rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, cancer, and multiple sclerosis.  Human, mouse, and rat IL-17A show activity on mouse cells.