169958 Results for: "Bottle-Top+Syringes"

Supplier: 0000042190

Sulfo-SMA is an electroneutral modification of existing SMAs. It does not interfere with charge-sensitive interactions between proteins and lipids. This innovation opens up a wider range of experimental research in terms of charge-sensitive membrane protein processes like protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. In addition, Sulfo-SMA belongs to a new generation of SMA’s which are RAFT polymerized. This achieves a reduction in both monomer size and greater monodispersity.
Another significant advantage of Sulfo polymers compared to other polymers is the wide pH range in which they remain stable. The buffer in which the polymer is supplied has a pH of 7.5, but the polymer itself remains stable between pH 4 and pH 10.
The special physicochemical properties of Sulfo-SMAs make them ideal for cryo-TEM and other downstream applications.
After successful membrane protein solubilization, the protein can be purified using affinity chromatography. For membrane protein purification, we recommend using the Rho1D4-tag. Cube Biotech offers matching products for this purpose.
Good publications to find details about Sulfo-SMA and Sulfo-DIBMA are:
Glueck et al. (2022)
Janson et al. (2022)
Eggenreich et al. (2023)

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Room Temperature, desiccate
Protamine sulfate is a purified mixture of simple protein principles obtained from the sperm or testes of suitable species of fish, which has the property of neutralizing heparin. Because of having many basic amino acids (mostly arginine) protamine contains far greater nitrogen than other proteins. Its molecular weight is relatively small. Histone and other basic proteins in the testes of unmatured fishes convert into protamine along with the growth of the fishes. In the testes, protamine takes the form of nucleoprotamine linked with DNA.
Protamine Sulfate is a raw material for study preparations like insulin compounds, and etc. It is used in separation and refining of vaccines. It is a reagent for removing nucleic acids from enzyme solution for the purpose of easy separation and refining. Protamine in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) promoted transfection with plasmid DNA more efficiently and with less cytotoxicity than comparable SLNs composed of Esterquat-1.
Protamine sulfate is a small cationic protein that binds and precipitates DNA. Inhibits lipoprotein lipase. Protamine sulfate shown to inhibit the classical pathway of complement. It inhibits turnover of lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Physical Appearance: White Powder
pKa: < 2, 2.7, 8.8, and 9.5 (Lit.)
Solubility: Soluble in alkaline solutions (1 g in 10 mL 1 N NaOH + 50 mL water-clear, colorless solution).
Typical Working Concentration: as a metalloprotease inhibitor (effective concentration is typically 1 to 10 µM)
Ethylene Glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic Acid is a chelating agent. It is an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity which is useful in ELISA reactions.
Ethylene Glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic Acid is a chelating agent for determination of calcium in the presence of magnesium; it can also detect cadmium in the presence of zinc. It is also useful for the removal of heavy metal ions in biological systems. It is shown to activate Ca2+- stimulated ATPase in rat liver plasma membranes and induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. It also inhibits the zinc-dependent endopeptidases, matrix metalloproteinases.

Supplier: Prosci

At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict Tcell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. CD1a antibody labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibody against TTF-1 and CD5, CD1a antibody is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since it is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. CD1a antibody is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Supplier: Prosci

Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Cytokeratin 8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibody that recognizes only cytokeratin 8 and 18. Cytokeratin 8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Antibody to Cytokeratin 8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against Cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19). Reportedly, Cytokeratin 8 antibody is useful for the differentiation of lobular (“ring-like, perinuclear”) from ductal (“peripheral-predominant”) carcinoma of the breast.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with both SUMO2 and SUMO3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO1, 2 and 3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursors that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2 and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets for a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO1/2/3 proteins localize to the nuclear membrane, nuclear bodies and cytoplasm, respectively. SUMO1 utilizes Ubc9 for conjugation to several targets, which include MDM2, p53, PML and RanGap1. SUMO2/3 contribute to a greater percentage of protein modification than does SUMO1 and they can form polymeric chains. In addition, SUMO3 regulates beta-Amyloid generation and may be critical in the onset or progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

Supplier: Prosci

S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins. S100A and S100B proteins are two members of the S100 family. S100A is composed of an alpha and a beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. This antibody is specific against an epitope located on the beta-chain (i.e. in S-100A and S-100B) but not on the alpha-chain of S-100 (i.e. in S-100A and S100A0). This antibody can be used to localize S-100A and S-100B in various tissue sections. S-100 protein has been found in normal melanocytes, Langerhans cells, histiocytes, chondrocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, Schwann cells, epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast, salivary and sweat glands, as well as in glial cells. Neoplasms derived from these cells also express S-100 protein, albeit non-uniformly. A large number of well-differentiated tumors of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue, and Schwann cell-derived tumors express S-100 protein. Almost all malignant melanomas and cases of histiocytosis X are positive for S-100 protein.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a sialoglycoprotein of 27-32kDa, identified as CD99, or MIC2 gene product, or E2 antigen. MIC2 gene is located in the pseudo-autosomal region of the human X and Y chromosome. MIC2 gene encodes two distinct proteins, which are produced by alternative splicing of the CD99 gene transcript and are identified as bands of 30 and 32kDa (p30/32). Although its function is not fully understood, CD99 is implicated in various cellular processes including homotypic aggregation of T cells, upregulation of T cell receptor and MHS molecules, apoptosis of immature thymocytes and leukocyte diapedesis. CD99 is expressed on the cell membrane of some lymphocytes, cortical thymocytes, and granulosa cells of the ovary. Most pancreatic islet cells, Sertoli cells of the testis, and some endothelial cells express this antigen. Mature granulocytes express very little or no CD99. It is strongly expressed on Ewing s sarcoma cells and primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

Pax genes contain paired domains with strong homology to genes in Drosophila, which are involved in programming early development. Lesions in the Pax-6 gene account for most cases of aniridia, a congenital malformation of the eye, chiefly characterized by iris hypoplasia, which can cause blindness. Pax-6 is involved in other anterior segment malformations besides aniridia, such as Peters anomaly, a major error in the embryonic development of the eye with corneal clouding with variable iridolenticulocorneal adhesions. The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that recognizes target genes through its paired-type DNA-binding domain. The paired domain is composed of two distinct DNA-binding subdomains, the amino-terminal subdomain and the carboxy-terminal subdomain, which bind respective consensus DNA sequences. The human Pax-6 gene produces two alternatively spliced isoforms that have the distinct structure of the paired domain.

Supplier: Prosci

A disulphide-linked heterodimer consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, CD79 is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with RituximAb (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Prosci

Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) belongs to the type I (or A or acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins and exists in combination with keratin 5 (type II or B or basic). CK14 is found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, some glandular epithelia, myoepithelium, and mesothelial cells. Anti-CK14 is useful in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from poorly differentiated epithelial tumors. Anti-CK14 is one of the specific basal markers for distinguishing between basal and non-basal subtypes of breast carcinomas. Anti-CK14 is also a good marker for differentiation of intraductal from invasive salivary duct carcinoma by the positive staining of basal cells surrounding the in-situ neoplasm as well as for differentiation of benign prostate from prostate carcinoma. Furthermore, this antibody has been useful in separating oncocytic tumors of the kidney from its renal mimics, and in identifying metaplastic carcinomas of the breast.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Diethyl Pyrocarbonate (DEPC) is a chemical used to inactivate RNase enzymes and is sensitive to moisture and pH. DEPC is also sensitive to ammonia, which causes decomposition to urethane, a possible carcinogen.
DEPC is effective as a nuclease inhibitor. Modification reagent for His and Tyr residues in proteins. Robust probe for structural disruptions in dsDNA, reacting with fully or partially unstacked bases. Diethyl Pyrocarbonate is used to modify proteins and nucleic acids.
Modification reagent for His and Tyr residues in proteins. Robust probe for structural disruptions in dsDNA, reacting with fully or partially unstacked bases. Diethyl pyrocarbonate has been used in PCR reaction for treating deionized water, which reduces the risk of RNA being degraded by RNases. It is also used for Dot blot hybridization, to dilute total RNA isolated from different micro-organisms.
Inactivates RNase in solution at about 0.1% (v/v), thus protecting RNA against degradation. It inhibits the ryanodine binding to ryanodine/Ca2+ receptor channels in skeletal muscle in a dose and time dependent manner and increases the Ca2+ permeability of SR vesicles.

Supplier: Ricca Chemical

Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N) ASTM (D 3869 A)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N APHA (4500-Cl B), standard
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N TAPPI (T 624 cm-85)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N TAPPI (T 611 cm-97)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.100 N APHA (4500-ClO2 E), standard
Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 N APHA (4500-Cl C), standard
Sodium thiosulfate titrant, 0.1 N APHA (2350 E), standard
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N APHA (2320 B)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 M APHA (2310 B)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N TAPPI (T 254 cm-85)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N TAPPI (T 622 cm-84)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N volumetric solution ASTM (E 200)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N TAPPI (T 610 sp-97)
Sodium thiosulfate, standard solution (0.1 N) ASTM (D 3703)
Sodium thiosulfate, standard solution (0.1 N) ASTM (D 1832)
Sodium thiosulfate, standard solution (0.10 N) ASTM (D 1291)
Sodium thiosulfate, standard solution (0.1 M) ASTM (D 1159)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 normal volumetric solution ACS (N/A)
Sodium thiosulphate, 0.1 M volumetric solution EP (3007300)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 mol/L VS JP (N/A)
Sodium thiosulfate TS USP (N/A)
Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1 N volumetric solution USP (N/A)

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Poly-lysine is a polycation which binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. When adsorbed to the culture surface, poly-lysine increases the number of positively charged sites available for cell binding. A compromise between the easier to use lower molecular weight products and the extremely viscous higher molecular weights would be the products in the range of 70,000-150,000.
It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface. Both the D- and L- form of the poly-lysine can be used as a coating substrate since poly-lysine is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells; however, certain cells can digest poly-lysine. In this case, poly-D-lysine should be used as the attachment factor so that the cells are not disrupted by excessive uptake of L-lysine.
Other uses for poly-lysine have been reported as well:
• Conjugation to methotrexate for increased drug transport.
• Microencapsulation of islets.
• Use in simple reproducible procedure for chromosomal preparations from a variety of tissues.
• Immobilation of living cells in biocompatible semipermeable microcapsules.
• In the preparation of polycationic beads.
• Conjugation to albumin and horseradish peroxidase to enhance cellular uptake.
Poly-D-lysine hydrobromide is a synthetic amino acid that enhances cell adhesion to solid substrates. It has additionally been shown to eliminate prion proteins from infected cells.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Thymidine is a nucleoside composed of deoxyribose (a pentose sugar) joined to the pyrimidine base thymine.Deoxythymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating respectively dTMP, dTDP or dTTP (deoxythymidine mono- di- or triphosphate.It exists in solid form as small white crystals or white crystalline powder.The stability of deoxythymidine under standard temperature and pressure (STP) is very high.Thymidine is listed as a chemical teratogen.
Mainly used in forming hybrid cell lines wherein cells are incubated in HAT medium(hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium) to give rise to monoclonal antibodies. Use in HT and HAT cocktails for hybridoma fusion, selection and cloning.
Physical Appearance: White Powder
Optical Rotation: (c=1, water) +17.5 - +19.5°
UV/Visible Absorbance: λmax (0.1N HCl) 266 - 268 nm
Solubility: Soluble in water, methanol, hot alcohol, hot acetone, hot ethyl acetate pyridine, glacial acetic acid and HCl (20 mg/mL-clear, colorless solution); sparingly soluble in hot chloroform

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200kDa, identified as different members of the CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This antibody does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The antibody shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). CEA antibody positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Prosci

S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins. S100A and S100B proteins are two members of the S100 family. S100A is composed of an alpha and a beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. This antibody is specific against an epitope located on the beta-chain (i.e. in S-100A and S-100B) but not on the alpha-chain of S-100 (i.e. in S-100A and S100A0). This antibody can be used to localize S-100A and S-100B in various tissue sections. S-100 protein has been found in normal melanocytes, Langerhans cells, histiocytes, chondrocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, Schwann cells, epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast, salivary and sweat glands, as well as in glial cells. Neoplasms derived from these cells also express S-100 protein, albeit non-uniformly. A large number of well-differentiated tumors of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue, and Schwann cell-derived tumors express S-100 protein. Almost all malignant melanomas and cases of histiocytosis X are positive for S-100 protein.

Supplier: Prosci

Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

HLA-DRB1 belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogs. The class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DRA) and a beta chain (DRB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa. It is encoded by 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide; exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains; exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain; and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DR molecule the beta chain contains all the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities. Hundreds of DRB1 alleles have been described and typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. [RefSeq]

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: +4 °C
D-Biotin is a growth factor present in small amounts in every living cell. It is involved in naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. It is more abundant in the liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast and milk. Biotin levels are higher in cancerous tumors than in normal tissues. It is inactivated by binding to avidin.
D-Biotin may be used to elute proteins from avidin/streptavidin resins. It is widely used for dietary supplements and fortified foods. It is also used for tablets and hard-shell capsule preparation due to its pharmaceutical properties.
Essential vitamin that is important for amino acid and energy metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. It is a prosthetic group in four mammalian carboxylase families and facilitates the binding and transfer of carbon dioxide.
Soluble in water (22 mg/100 mL), ethanol (80 mg/100 mL), more soluble in hot water and in dilute alkalies; insoluble in other common organic solvents. Soluble in 2 M Ammonium hydroxide (50 mg/mL - clear, colorless solution), dimethylformamide (1.7 mg/mL).

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Room Temperature
2-Mercaptoethanol is a hybrid of ethylene glycol and 1,2-ethanedithiol. It is used to reduce disulfide bonds and can act as a biological antioxidant by scavenging hydroxyl radicals. It is widely used because the hydroxyl group confers solubility in water and lowers the volatility. Due to its diminished vapor pressure, its odour, while unpleasant, is less objectionable than related thiols.
2-Mercaptoethanol is used to reduce disulfide linkages in solubilizing proteins for gel electrophoresis (typically used in SDS-PAGE sample buffer at 5% concentration). Also it reduces excess oxidative polymerization of catalysts. Cleaving intermolecular (between subunits) disulfide bonds allows the subunits of a protein to separate independently on SDS-PAGE. Cleaving intramolecular (within subunit) disulfide bonds allows the subunits to become completely denatured so that each peptide migrates according to its chain length with no influence due to secondary structure. In solution, 2-mercaptoethanol is readily oxidized in air to a disulfide, especially at alkaline pH. Because of this property, it is widely used to protect proteins, enzymes in particular, from becoming inactive. An excess of 2-mercaptoethanol (generally used at 0.01 M) will maintain the protein thiol groups in their reduced state.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a polypeptide of ~6.5kDa, identified as Estrogen Inducible Protein pS2. The antibody's epitope is localized between amino acids 57-84. pS2 is a trefoil peptide. Trefoil peptides are protease resistant molecules secreted throughout the gut that play a role in mucosal healing. These peptides contain three intrachain disulfide bonds, forming the trefoil motif, or P-domain. Estrogen Inducible Protein pS2 is known to form dimers and this dimerization is thought to play a role in its protective and healing properties. About 60% of breast carcinomas are positive for estrogen inducible protein pS2. Staining is cytoplasmic, often with localization to the Golgi apparatus. It is shown to be localized in normal stomach mucosa, gastric fluid, goblet cells in the colon and small intestine, and in ulcerations of the gastrointestinal tract. Several studies have shown that estrogen inducible protein pS2 is primarily expressed in estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors and it may define a subset of estrogen-dependent tumors that displays an increased likelihood of response to endocrine therapy.

Supplier: Prosci

Thyroglobulin is a 660kDa dimeric pre-protein with mutiple glycosylation sites, detected at ~300kDa in western blot. It is produced by and processed within the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Prior to forming dimers, thyroglobulin monomers undergo conformational maturation in the endoplasmic reticulation. The vast majority of follicular carcinomas of the thyroid will give positive immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin antibody even though sometimes only focally. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid are frequently thyroglobulin antibody negative. Adenocarcinomas of other-than-thyroid origin do not react with this antibody. This antibody is useful in identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary and follicular types. Presence of thyroglobulin in metastatic lesions establishes the thyroid origin of tumor. Thyroglobulin antibody, combined with calcitonin antibody, can identify medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. Furthermore, thyroglobulin antibody, combined with TTF1 antibody, can be a reliable marker to differentiate between primary thyroid and lung neoplasms.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with a protein of 22kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). HCG-beta antibody detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate antibody positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively; 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. HCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Supplier: Prosci

Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that also includes MyoD, Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a key role in activating myogenesis by binding to enhancer sequences of muscle-specific genes. The regulatory domain of MyoD is approximately 70 amino acids in length and includes both a basic DNA binding motif and a bHLH dimerization motif. MyoD family members share about 80% amino acid homology in their bHLH motifs. Anti-myogenin labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissue, and is expressed in tumor cell nuclei of rhabdomyosarcoma and some leiomyosarcomas. Positive nuclear staining may occur in Wilms tumor.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classed as organic). It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture.
Acetonitrile is widely used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene in refineries.
This solvent is often the preferred choice as a mobile phase in HPLC for a variety of reasons. Not only is it miscible with water and with many other organic solvents, but it also has a lower viscosity and produces less pressure in the column than other solvents such as Methanol. The inherent low absorbance of Acetonitrile (especially HPLC grade) makes it the preferred solvent for the mobile phase of HPLC due to the reduction in the amount of noise during UV detection. Overall, Acetonitrile has many unique properties as an organic mobile phase that often result in better chromatographic peaks.
Acetonitrile also plays an important role as the main solvent used in the manufacture of DNA oligonucleotides from monomers.
Room Temperature, store under nitrogen.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with a protein of 22kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). HCG-beta antibody detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate antibody positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively; 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. HCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 47-55kDa, which is identified as FOXP3. Its precise epitope is not known, but it has been mapped to the N-terminal portion of the protein. The FOX family of transcription factors is a large group of proteins that share a common DNA binding domain termed a winged-helix or forkhead domain. During early development, FOXP1 and FOXP2 are expressed abundantly in the lung, with lower levels of expression in neural, intestinal and cardiovascular tissues, where they act as transcription repressors. FOXP1 is widely expressed in adult tissues, while neoplastic cells often exhibit a dramatic change in expression level or localization of FOXP1. Mutations in FOXP3 gene cause IPEX, a fatal, X-linked inherited disorder characterized by immune dysregulation. The FOXP3 protein is essential for normal immune homeostasis. Specifically, FOXP3 represses transcription through a DNA binding forkhead domain, thereby regulating T cell activation.

Supplier: Prosci

The Cell-division cycle protein 20 is an essential regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene in humans. To the best of current knowledge its most important function is to activate the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a large 11-13 subunit complex that initiates chromatid separation and entrance into anaphase. The APC/C-Cdc20 protein complex has two main downstream targets. Firstly, it targets securin for destruction, enabling the eventual destruction of cohesin and thus sister chromatid separation. It also targets S and M-phase (S/M) cyclins for destruction, which inactivates S/M cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and allows the cell to exit from mitosis. A closely related protein, Cdc20homologue-1 (Cdh1) plays a complementary role in the cell cycle.

Cdc20 appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with many other proteins at multiple points in the cell cycle. It is required for two microtubule-dependent processes: nuclear movement prior to anaphase, and chromosome separation. [Wiki]

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Guanidine Hydrochloride is a protein denaturant and thus having an important role in molecular weight determinations.
Guanidine Hydrochloride is a strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins. This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies. This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary. Guanidine HCl is used in the isolation of RNA to dissociate the nucleoprotein into its nucleic acid and protein moieties. It is an inhibitor of RNase. Highly concentrated (6 - 8 M) Guanidine HCl solutions are used to denature native globular proteins. It apparently disrupts hydrogen bonds which hold the protein in its unique structure. However, there also is evidence suggesting that guanidine hydrocholoride may disrupt hydrophobic interactions by promoting the solubility of hydrophobic residues in aqueous solutions.