433 Results for: "Biosensis"

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Superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (Ref: SwissProt).

Supplier: Biosensis

Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is the most prominent cellular substrate for protein kinase C. This protein binds calmodulin, actin, and synapsin. MARCKS is a filamentous (F) actin cross-linking protein. Ref: SWISSPROT.

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Sequestosome 1 is an adapter protein which binds ubiquitin and may regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor and interleukin-1. It may regulate signaling cascades through ubiquitination and may also be involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and regulation of K(+) channels. It is present as a homooligomer or heterooligomer and localises to the cytoplasm, late endosome and nucleus. In cardiac muscles it localises to the sarcomeric band. It accumulates in neurofibrillary tangles and in Lewy bodies of neurons from individuals with Alzheimer and Parkinson disease respectively. It is also enriched in Rosenthal fibers of pilocytic astrocytoma and in liver cells it accumulates in Mallory bodies associated with alcoholic hepatitis, Wilson disease, indian childhood cirrhosis and in hyaline bodies associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sequestosome 1 is ubiquitously expressed and to date, there are 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Defects in sequestosome 1 cause sporadic and familial Page disease of bone (PDB). This is a metabolic bone disease characterised by focal areas of increased and disorganised bone turn-over due to activated osteoclasts.

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Neurofilaments can be defined as the intermediate or 10nm diameter filaments found in neuronal cells. They are composed a mixture of subunits which often includes the neurofilament triplet proteins, NF-L, NF-M and NF-H. Neurofilaments may also include peripherin, alpha-internexin, nestin and in some cases vimentin. Alpha-internexin is a ~66 kDa Class IV intermediate filament subunit expressed in large amounts early in neuronal development, but is downregulated in many neurons as development procedes. Many classes of mature neurons contain alpha-internexin in addition to NF-L, NF-M and NF-H. In some mature neurons alpha-internexin is the only neurofilament subunit expressed. Antibodies to alpha-internexin are therefore unique probes to study and classify neuronal types and follow their processes in sections and in tissue culture. In addition the very early developmental expression of alpha-internexin means its presence is an early and convenient diagnostic feature of neuronal progenitors cells and other cell committed to the neuronal lineage.

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Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is synthesized as a precursor (proBDNF) which may be released and have physiological functions to cause cell death. It binds neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin and may also be important for the development of nervous system. proBDNF is synthesized in neurons and glia (eg., microglia), transported anterogradely and retrogradely and may be released in an activity dependent manner. This antibody is raised in sheep to detect the prodomain of BDNF and not the mature peptide.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). SUBUNIT: 3 different light chains, LC1, LC2 and LC3, can associate with MAP1A and MAP1B proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: LC3-I: Cytoplasm. LC3-II: Intracytoplasmic membrane; lipid-anchor. LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Most abundant in placenta, lung and ovary. PTM: The precursor molecule is cleaved by APG4B/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form, LC3-I. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family.

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Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) has several other names, such as ubiquitin carboxyl esterase L1, ubiquitin thiolesterase, neuron-specific protein PGP9.5 and Park5. It was originally identified as a major component of the neuronal cytoplasm from 2-dimensional gel analysis of brain tissues, and was given the name PGP9.5 (1). The protein is extremely abundant, and was estimated to be present at a concentration of 200-500 µg/g wet weight, representing a major protein component of neuronal cytoplasm (1). This has been claimed to represent 1-2% of total brain protein. It was later found that a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase enzyme activity was associated with the PGP9.5 protein, resulting in the renaming of PGP9.5 to ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1.This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. The enzyme also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes.

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Enolase is a metalloenzyme that catayzes the reaction between 2-phospho-D-glycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis. Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 subunits; alpha, beta and gamma (Neuron-specific enolase). These subunits can form homodimers or heterodimers. The alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer are found primarily in neurons.

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Neurofilaments are composed of three intermediate filament proteins: light (~68 kDa), medium (~160 kDa) and heavy (~200 kDa), which are involved in the maintenance of the neuronal caliber. Neurofilament light (NF68 or NF-L) is the most abundant of the three proteins.

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Visinin (sometimes known as hippocalcin-like protein 3, HLP3, HPCAL3, HUVISL1, VLP-1, VILIP and VILIP-1) was originally isolated biochemically from chicken retina as a major protein of about 24kDa on SDS-PAGE (1). Following cloning and sequencing of visinin, several visinin like proteins were discovered by homology screening (2, 3). One of these, Visinin-like protein 1 is a small Calcium binding protein which is very abundant in the nervous system and is found only in neurons, though different neurons have different levels of expression (4, 5). It is particularly concentrated in cerebellar Purkinje cells, and tends to be most abundant in perikarya and dendrites. The protein belongs to the large superfamly of calmodulin and paravalbumin type proteins which function by binding Calcium ions. Calcium binding alters the confomation of these proteins and allow them to interact with other binding partners, the properties of which they may alter. Visinin-like protein 1 has four "EF hand" domains, which are negatively charged helix-turn-helix peptides which are responsible for Calcium binding. Visinin-like protein 1 is 191 amino acids in size and has a molecular weight on SDS-PAGE of 22kDa. The protein has recently been suggested to be a useful biomarker of Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury (6, 7, 8).

Supplier: Biosensis

Calbindin Monoclonal antibody, Clone: 4H7, Host: mouse, Reactivity: human, horse, cow, pig, rat, Isotype: IgG1, Immunogen: Full-length recombinant human protein, Synonyms: D-28K; Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding

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Alpha synuclein Antibody, Host: Chicken, Reacts with human, horse, cow, pig, chicken, rat, mouse, Antigen: Full length human protein with the epitope from amino acids 61-95, Purity: Affinity purified, Applications:

Supplier: Biosensis

Peripherin is a class-III neuronal intermediate filament protein found in certain classes of neuron, most of which are located in the peripheral nervous system. Antibody reacts with rat. The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. This antibody detects ~57 kDa Peripherin protein. Cross-reacts with Human, mouse, feline. Predicted to react with other mammalian tissue.

Supplier: Biosensis

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a lipoprotein involved in fat metabolism and acts as cholesterol carrier between cells and across tissues. On a genetic level, three APOE alleles are described, APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4. These alleles give rise to six APOE isoforms, which are differentially implicated in various diseases. In the peripheral system, APOE4 is linked to increased risk of atherosclerosis. In the CNS, the ability of APOE4 in clearing beta-amyloid is impaired, while APOE3 and APOE2 are more efficient in performing this task. The APOE4 genotype in particular has been linked to increased risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease.

Supplier: Biosensis

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is synthesized as a precursor (proNGF) which may be released and have physiological functions to cause cell death. It binds neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin and may also be important for the development of nervous system. proNGF is synthesized in target tissues and glia, transported retrogradely and may be released.

Biosensis' biotinylated proNGF antibody allowing more flexibility in experimental design by using the biotin-avidin/streptavidin detection method. The ability of biotinylated proNGF antibody to detect proNGF has been validated by WB.

Supplier: Biosensis

MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated protein which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton (probably involved in autophagosome formation). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and 3 different light chain subunits (LC1, LC2 and LC3). MAP1LC3A is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor form of MAP1LC3A is cleaved by APG4/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form LC3-1. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. MAP1LC3A is most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but is absent in thymus and peripheral leukocytes. Antibody reacts with human and rat. The antibody is expected to react with mouse MAP1LC3A protein due to 100% sequence homology.

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Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high-affinity dopamine uptake (Ref: uniprot.org). ProGDNF is the unprocessed precursor molecule of mature GDNF and exists as homodimer. Antibody reacts with human and rat. Antibody is expected to detect mouse proGDNF protein due to 100% amino acid sequence homology.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm; cytosol. Cell membrane. Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 8 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist. Isoforms differ from each other by the presence or absence of up to 5 of the 15 exons. One of these optional exons contains the additional tau/MAP repeat. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Four-repeat (type II) tau is expressed in an adult-specific manner and is not found in fetal brain, whereas three-repeat (type I) tau is found in both adult and fetal brain. DOMAIN: The tau/MAP repeat binds to tubulin. In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of Microtubule-associated protein Tau. Defects in Microtubule-associated protein Tau are a cause of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17, as well as a number of other neurodegenerative diseases. This antibody reacts with human. Expected to react with horse, cow, pig, chicken, rat and mouse.

Supplier: Biosensis

Recommended Applications: IF, IP, WB

Species reactivity: Species independent

Supplier: Biosensis

BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. It is a major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family. Antibody reacts with human, mouse, rat, guinea pig BDNF. Expected to detect BDNF from other species due to sequence homology.

Supplier: Biosensis

The protein named TrkB (also named Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2), GP145-TrkB or Tropomyosin-related kinase B is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems and is important in the regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity. TrkB may also play a role in neutrophin-dependent calcium signaling in glial cells and mediate communication between neurons and glia. TrkB is the primary receptor for BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor. TrkB also binds NT4 and NT3 but less efficiently (Reference: www.uniprot.org). Antibody reacts with human and mouse, other species not yet tested but it is predicted to react with rat and chicken TrkB-pS478 based on amino acid homology at the site. Antibody has been shown to be specific for TrkB phosphorylated on serine 478 by phospho-peptide absorption dot blots, and on cell lysates from cell lines induced with retinoic acid and BDNF. Antibody detects a clear band in retinoic acid (RA) and BDNF-treated NSC34 cell lysates at 140 kDa only, indicating that the phosphorylated TrkB receptor is being detected. Additional non-specific bands at lower molecular weight are observed in both lysates with the antibody and these bands have not been characterized.

Supplier: Biosensis

Adenylate cyclases are enzymes which interact with and are activated by the GTP bound alpha subunits of trimeric G-proteins. Activated adenylate cyclases are responsible for the production of the important "second messenger" signalling molecule cyclic-AMP, which is generated from ATP. The type III adenylate cyclase enzyme is localized in the membranes surrounding the cilia in neurons, and our antibody is an excellent marker of neuronal cilia in the brain and in cells in tissue culture. Adenylate cyclase type III is a large complex molecule of, in the human, 1145 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 129kDa. The protein may be variably glycosylated, so that on SDS-PAGE and western blots it runs as a diffuse band of about 160kDa in cortex and about 200kDa in olfactory epithelium. The molecule has a complex structure, with 12 transmembrane domains and two cyclase domains. Each cyclase domain is immediately C-terminal to 6 transmembrane segments, but only the second, C-terminal cyclase is believed to be catalytically active.

Supplier: Biosensis

BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. It is a major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family. Detects human, mouse, rat, guinea pig BDNF. Expected to detect BDNF from other species due to sequence homology.

Supplier: Biosensis

Fluoro-Jade C stains all degenerating neurons regardless of specific insult or mechanism of cell death. The dye is highly resistant to fading and is compatible with virtually all histological processing and staining protocols.

Supplier: Biosensis

GFP Polyclonal Antibody, Host: Rabbit, Purity: Affinity purified, Antigen: Recombinant AcGFP purified from E. Coli, Molecular Weight: approx 27 kDa, Form: Lyophilized from a solution containing PBS, pH 7.2-7.6, Application: Immunocytochemistry, and Western Blot, Size: 100ug

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis NGFR/p75ECD RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of mouse p75ECD in less than 4 hours n cell culture supernatants and urine only if used as directed. Please refer to the kit protocol for specific use instructions for each substrate application.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis proNGF RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of full-length proNGF protein in less than 4 hours in human serum, heparin-plasma, cell supernatants and lysates only if used as directed. Please refer to the kit protocol for specific use instructions for each substrate application.

Supplier: Biosensis

Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte (ALBP) is a lipid transport protein which binds long chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands and delivers them to their receptors in the nucleus. ALBP is found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of adipocytes.

Supplier: Biosensis

Myelin is a membrane characteristic of the nervous tissue and functions as an insulator to increase the velocity of the stimuli being transmitted between a nerve cell body and its target. Myelin isolated from human and bovine nervous tissue is composed of approximately 80% lipid and 20% protein, and 30% of the protein fraction constitutes myelin basic protein (MBP). MBP is an 'intrinsically unstructured' protein with a high proportion (approximately 75%) of random coil, but postulated to have core elements of beta-sheet and alpha-helix. MBP is a major protein in CNS myelin and is expressed specifically in the nervous system. A detailed immunochemical examination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibody responses to MBP and its peptides has revealed the existence of as many as 27 antigenic determinants, many of them conformational. Topological mapping of the potential antigenic determinants onto a model of MBP secondary structure places these determinants within 11 separate regions of the molecule, including those portions that have been found to be encephalitogenic. The message for myelin basic protein is selectively translocated to the ends of the cell processes. Immunization with myelin-associated antigens including MBP significantly promotes recovery after spinal cord contusion injury in the rat model. FUNCTION: Is, with PLP, the most abundant protein component of the myelin membrane in the CNS. Has a role in both the formation and stabilization of this compact multilayer arrangement of bilayers. Each splice variant and charge isomer may have a specialized function in the assembly of an optimized, biochemically functional myelin membrane (By similarity). SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Myelin membrane; peripheral membrane protein; cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasmic side of myelin. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Found in both the central and the peripheral nervous system.

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FUNCTION: Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. It stimulates division and differentiation of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons. SUBUNIT: Homodimer, associated by noncovalent forces. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.