433 Results for: "Biosensis"

Supplier: Biosensis

GAP43 is very abundant protein which is found concentrated in neurons. One group discovered it as one of three proteins which becomes unregulated during the regeneration of the toad optic nerve (1). Three GAPs (Growth associated proteins) were discovered, and the number 43 comes from the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight of the one named GAP43. The HGNC name for this protein is, not surprisingly, GAP43. Later work showed that GAP43 does not run on SDS-PAGE in a fashion which accurately reflects its molecular weight, and that GAP43 proteins from different species may run at different apparent molecular weights. Partly due to these features GAP43 were independently discovered by several different groups and therefore has several alternate names, such as protein F1, pp46, neuromodulin, neural phosphoprotein B-50 and calmodulin-binding protein P-57. In each case the number reflects the apparent SDS-PAGE molecular weight, and underlines the unusual properties of this molecule. Mammalian GAP43 proteins contains only 226-243 amino acids, and so the real molecular weight is 23.61-25.14 kDa. GAP43 has been extensively studied and is known to be a major protein kinase C substrate and to bind calmodulin avidly. GAP43 is anchored to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation modifications. This antibody reacts with human, rat, mouse and bovine. It is expected that it will work on other mammal tissues due to amino acid sequence similarity.

Supplier: Biosensis

Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May phosphorylate PER1 and PER2. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly and thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. (Reference: uniprot.org). This antibody reacts with human and rat. Predicted to cross-react with horse, mouse, cow, pig and chicken.

Supplier: Biosensis

Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta-type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3beta in vitro. Involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues in association with MMP14. PEX, the C-terminal non-catalytic fragment of MMP2, posseses anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties and inhibits cell migration and cell adhesion to FGF2 and vitronectin. Ligand for integrinv/beta3 on the surface of blood vessels. MMP2 isoform 2 mediates the proteolysis of CHUK/IKKA and initiates a primary innate immune response by inducing mitochondrial-nuclear stress signaling with activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB, NFAT and IRF transcriptional pathways. Catalytic activity of MMP2 causes cleavage of gelatin type I and collagen types IV, V, VII, X. Cleaves the collagen-like sequence Pro-Gln-Gly-|-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln. (Ref: uniprot.org). Antibody reacts with human. Expected to react with horse, cow, pig, chicken, rat and mouse MMP2.

Supplier: Biosensis

The Biosensis GDNF RapidTM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit is a sandwich ELISA that allows the quantification of GDNF in less than 4 hours in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, and guinea pig serum only if used as directed. Please refer to the kit protocol for specific use instructions for each substrate application.

Supplier: Biosensis

BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. POst translation modification: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

Presenilin-2 (PSEN2) is a multi-pass membrane protein and component of the gamma-secretase complex. Defects in PSEN2 are a cause of Alzheimer disease type 4 (AD4), an autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. (Ref:SWISS-Prot).

Supplier: Biosensis

Somatostatin is secreted by neuroendocrine neurons in hypothalamus and interacts with somatostatin receptors inhibiting secretion of somatotropin.

Supplier: Biosensis

Arc (also termed activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein or Arg3.1), is an effector immediate early gene whose upregulation has been demonstrated during events of synaptic plasticity. Arg3.1 expression is detectable in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites in the brain regions including striatum and cortex hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala.

Supplier: Biosensis

Endomorphins 1 and 2 are endogenous opioid peptides which have the highest affinity for the mu-opioid receptors. Located in various parts of the brain and interacts with mu-opioid receptors and produces analgesia.

Supplier: Biosensis

The elF2c (Argonaute, Ago) protein is a core protein of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).

Supplier: Biosensis

Leptin is secreted by white adipocytes and functions as part of a signaling pathway that can inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure to maintain constancy of the adipose mass. Leptin has a variety of other roles including endocrine functions, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and wound healing (Ref Entrez Gene).

Supplier: Biosensis

Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) is composed of four different chains (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) and is abundantly expressed in neurons. CaMKII is involved in regulating many aspects of neuronal function, including neurotransmitter synthesis and release, modulation of ion channel activity and cellular transport. The enzymatic function of CaMKII is regulated by its multiple phosphorylation sites and targeting to sub-cellular locations through interactions with protein binding partners. Phosphorylation of Thr253 has been identified in vivo and found to alter the interaction of CaMKII with binding partners, but not change its enzymatic activity. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr253 is suggested to modulate functional responses based on its binding partner and subsequently its sub-cellular localization.

Supplier: Biosensis

TrkA is a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family. It is a membrane-bound receptor that upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. TrkA is required for high-affinity binding to nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4/5 but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). TrkA leads to cell differentiations and may play a role in specifying sensory neuron subtypes. It has a crucial role in the development and function of the nociceptive reception system as well as establishment of thermal regulation via sweating. SUBUNIT: Exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric (low affinity) and dimeric (high affinity) structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein. Endocytosed to the endosomes upon treatment of cells with NGF. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Both isoforms have similar biological properties. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Isoform TrkA-II is primarily expressed in neuronal cells. Isoform TrkA-I is found in non-neuronal tissues. Mutations in TrkA have been associated with congenital insensitivity to pain, anhidrosis, self-mutalating behaviour, mental retardation and cancer.

Supplier: Biosensis

Nicastrin, a type 1 membrane glycoprotein, is an essential component of the gamma secretase complex which is critical for the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein and other membrane proteins. Nicastrin is widely expressed in different tissue types. This antibody detects all processed forms of Nicastrin.

Supplier: Biosensis

Gamma synuclein belongs to the synuclein family which are believed to be involve in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. High levels of gamma synuclein have been identified in andvanced breast carcinomas suggesting a correlation between gamma synuclein overexpression and breast tumor development. Gama synuclein plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases. May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway. SUBUNIT: May be a centrosome-associated protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm; perinuclear region. Centrosome. Spindle. Associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells. In mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in brain, particularly in the substantia nigra. Also expressed in the corpus callosum, heart, skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon and spleen. Weak expression in pancreas, kidney and lung. PTM: Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. DISEASE: Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1, also called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome), a rare neuroaxonal dystrophy, is histologically characterized by axonal spheroids, iron deposition, Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and neurofibrillary tangles. SNCG is found in spheroids but not in inclusions.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Seems to promotes the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

NT3 is a member of the neurotrophin family, that controls survival and differentiation of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. NT3 is closely related to both NGF and BDNF. It may be involved in the maintenance of the adult nervous system, and may affect development of neurons in the embryo when it is expressed in human placenta. NT3-deficient mice generated by gene targeting display sevvere movement defects of the limbs. The mature peptide of this protein is identical in all mammals examined including human, pig, rat and mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain and peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Required for autophagy. Conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form cup-shaped isolation membrane and autophagosome. The conjugate detaches from the membrane immediately before or after autophagosome formation is completed. FUNCTION: May play an important role in the apoptotic process, possibly within the modified cytoskeleton. Its expression is a relatively late event in the apoptotic process, occurring downstream of caspase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Colocalizes with nonmuscle actin. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. The mRNA is present at similar levels in viable and apoptotic cells, whereas the protein is dramatically highly expressed in apoptotic cells. INDUCTION: By apoptotic stimuli. PTM: Conjugated to ATG12; which is essential for autophagy, but is not required for association with isolation membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG5 family.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Functions as an E1 enzyme essential for multisubstrates such as GABARAPL1 and ATG12. Forms intermediate conjugates with GABARAPL1 (GABARAPL2, GABARAP or MAP1ALC3). Formation of the final GABARAPL1-PE conjugate is essential for autophagy. SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). Interacts with ATG3 and ATG12. The complex, composed of ATG3 and ATG7, plays a role in the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm (Probable). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed, especially in kidney, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow. DOMAIN: The C-terminal part of the protein is essential for the dimerization and interaction with ATG3 and ATG12. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG7 family. In yeast, ATG7 appears to be required for fusion of peroxisomal and vaculuolar membranes.

Supplier: Biosensis

APPL1 (adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motif 1) mediates adiponectin signaling in various types of cells. APPL1 is also thought to have a role in insulin signaling.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Receptor for neurturin. Mediates the NRTN-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor. Also able to mediate GDNF signaling through the RET tyrosine kinase receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; lipid-anchor; GPI-anchor (By similarity). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

Supplier: Biosensis

BDNF belongs to the neurotrophin family and regulates the survival and differentiation of neurons during development. The alterations in BDNF expression induced by various kinds of brain insult including stress, ischemia, seizure activity and hypoglycemia, may contribute to some pathologies such as depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Microglia release BDNF that may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. FUNCTION: Promotes the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected to it. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability. SUBUNIT: Monomers and homodimers. Binds to NTRK2/TRKB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. Post Translation Modification (PTM): The propeptide is N-glycosylated and glycosulfated. PTM: Converted into mature BDNF by plasmin (PLG) (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in BDNF are a cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS); also known as congenital failure of autonomic control or Ondine curse. CCHS is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal control of respiration in the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease, or an identifiable brain stem lesion. A deficiency in autonomic control of respiration results in inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. CCHS is frequently complicated with neurocristopathies such as Hirschsprung disease that occurs in about 16% of CCHS cases. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NGF-beta family.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Ubiquitin-like protein which binds to a wide range of target proteins. Does not seem to be involved in protein degradation and may function as an antagonist of ubiquitin in the degradation process. Plays a role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved in targeting RANGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2. SUBUNIT: Covalently attached to a number of proteins such as PML, RANGAP1, HIPK2, SP100, p53, p73alpha, MDM2, JUN and DNMT3B. Also interacts with HIF1A, HIPK2, HIPK3, CHD3, PIAS1, EXOSC9, TDG, RAD51 and RAD52. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus; nuclear membrane. Nucleus; nucleoplasm; nuclear speckle. Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family. SMT3 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 ubiquitin-like domain.

Supplier: Biosensis

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore the regulation of the TH enzyme represents the central means for controlling the synthesis of these important catecholamines. FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin. COFACTOR: Fe(2+) ion. ENZYME REGULATION: Phosphorylation leads to an increase in the catalytic activity. PATHWAY: Catecholamine biosynthesis; first step. SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. PTM: In vitro, phosphorylation of Ser-19 increases the rate of Ser-40 phosphorylation, which results in enzyme opening and activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The presence of different DNA sequences at the TH locus confers susceptibility to various disorders of the brain including manic-depression and schizophrenia. Parkinson's disease is also considered a TH deficiency as low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Can mediate activation of c-Jun and NF-kappa-B. May promote caspase-independent cell death. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 may act as decoy receptors. SUBUNIT: Associates with TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3 and TRAF5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 1, isoform 3, isoform 4: Cell membrane; single-pass type I membrane protein (Probable). Isoform 2: Secreted protein (Probable). ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 4 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in adult brain, and in embryos from day 11-17, but not earlier. Detected in embryonic brain and epithelium, and at lower levels in adult heart, lung and liver. In neonatal mice, mainly in hair follicles and neuron-like cells in the cerebellum, but not in the skin epidermis. Isoform 3 was found in embryonic day 17.5 skin but not in brain and liver. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 TNFR-Cys repeats.

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The Myc tag contains the amino acids Glu-Gln-Lys-Leu-Ile-Ser-Glu-Glu-Asp-Leu (E-Q-K-L-I-S-E-E-D-L) corresponding to amino acids 410-419 of human Myc. This tag is widely used for monitoring expression of recombinant proteins in bacteria, insect and mammalian cells.

Supplier: Biosensis

This enzyme is a thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. The enzyme also binds to free monoubiquitin and may prevent its degradation in lysosomes (ref: SWISSPROT).

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide neuromedin K (neurokinin B). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; multi-pass membrane protein. PTM: The anchoring of this receptor to the plasma membrane is probably mediated by the palmitoylation of a cysteine residue. MISCELLANEOUS: The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: neuromedin K > substance K > substance P. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

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FUNCTION: Nociceptin is the ligand of the opioid receptor-like receptor (OPRL1). It may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior. May be involved in neuronal differentiation and development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted protein. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed predominantly in the spinal cord and brain, being more abundant in the hypothalamus and striatum. Also found in small amounts in ovary. PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues probably yield other active peptides besides nociceptin. PTM: The N-terminal domain contains 6 conserved cysteines thought to be involved in disulfide bonding and/or processing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family.

Supplier: Biosensis

FUNCTION: Associates specifically with huntingtin. This binding is enhanced by an expanded polyglutamine repeat. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In the brain, especially in the olfactory bulb and in the brain stem. No detectable expression in peripheral tissues such as lung, testis, spleen, and small intestine. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 HAP1 N-terminal domain.