1597 Results for: "Biogems"

Supplier: Biogems

The 2.4G2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with an epitope on the extracellular domain of the mouse CD16 (Fc γ III) and CD 32 (Fc γ II). CD16 and CD32 are low affinity receptors for the IgG Fc domain and are expressed by B lymphocytes, NK cells, kupffer cells, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, immature thymocytes, neutrophils, and some activated mature T cells.The 2.4G2 antibody blocks the binding of immunoglobulins to CD16 and CD32, and possibly to Fc γ I receptor.

Supplier: Biogems

The GL-1 monoclonal antibody reacts specifically with the mouse B7-2 (also known as CD86), a costimulatory molecule expressed by B and T lymphocytes, macrophages (thioglycollate-induced from peritoneum), astrocytes and dendritic cells. The memory CD4+ T lymphocytes express CD86 (as mRNA and protein). CD86, and the B7-1 (CD 80) molecule, are ligands for CD152 and CD28, and influence the costimulatory interactions between lymphocytes B and T. B7-2 is also involved in the mouse natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The GL-1 antibody blocks the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and inhibits the T-cells stimulation by antigen-presenting cells. Mixtures of anti-B7-1 antibody and GL-1 were reported to inhibit the interaction between CD125 and its ligand with the in vivo priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Supplier: Biogems

The IT2.2 antibody reacts with human CD86, also known as B7-2, an 80 kDa cell surface protein which is a ligand for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 can also bind a second B7 ligand known as CD80 (B7-1). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response.The IT2.2 antibody may be used as a marker for CD86 expression on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It is reported to be cross-reactive with Rhesus, Cynomolgus and Common marmoset CD86.

Supplier: Biogems

The H35-17.2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts the mouse cd8 beta, a 32 kDa chain also known as Ly-3 and Lyt-3. CD8 is a T cell surface antigen co-receptor that interacts with MHC class I molecules on antigen presenting cells. It is expressed as a heterodimer with the alpha cd8 chain. The H35-17.2 antibody blocks T cell-mediated cytolysis of allogeneic lymphoma cells.

Supplier: Biogems

The UCHT2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD5, a 67 kda type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. CD5 is expressed on mature T cells, a subset of B cells, and peripheral blood dendritic cells. B cells that are CD5+ produce mostly IgM polyreactive antibodies. Its ligand is CD72, which is involved in T, B cell proliferation and interaction. The UCT2 antibody also recognizes non-human primate CD5.

Supplier: Biogems

The RPA-T8 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the human CD8a molecule, a 32 kDa cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer (CD8 α/β) or as a homodimer (CD8 α/α) on the majority of thymocytes, a subpopulation of mature T cells, and natural killer cells. CD8 interacts with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) molecules on antigen-presenting cells or epithelial cells. The RPA-T8 antibody reacts with 13-48% of peripheral lymphocytes, 80% of thymocytes, and a subset of natural killer cells. RPA-T8, OKT8, and HIT8a antibodies do not compete with each other for binding to peripheral leukocytes, meaning that that they do not recognize the same epitope or block each other by steric hindrance.

Supplier: Biogems

The UCHT2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD5, a 67 kda type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. CD5 is expressed on mature T cells, a subset of B cells, and peripheral blood dendritic cells. B cells that are CD5+ produce mostly IgM polyreactive antibodies. Its ligand is CD72, which is involved in T, B cell proliferation and interaction. The UCT2 antibody also recognizes non-human primate CD5.

Supplier: Biogems

The 16B1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD144, the 140 kDA molecule called vascular endothelial (VE-cadherin) or cadherin 5. CD144 is an endothelial specific calcium-dependent adhesion molecule involved in cell contact-dependent growth inhibition, migration, survival, adhesion. It is concentrated at the intercellular boundaries of endothelial cells and essential in maintaining cell layer integrity.

Supplier: Biogems

The A2F10 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD135, a tyrosine kinase class III receptor. CD135, also known as Flt3, Ly-72, and Flk-2, is the receptor for the FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) cytokine and is expressed on many hematopoietic progenitor cells. Signaling through CD135 plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The A2F10 antibody is reported to inhibit the binding of FLT3L to CD135.

Supplier: Biogems

The 3D12 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD197 (CCR7 or EBI-1), a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled. It is the receptor for the secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC or 6CKine), CCL19, and CCL21. CD197 is expressed on subsets of B and T cells, and mature dendritic cells. The monoclonal 3D12 antibody recognizes the N-terminus of the receptor.
We recommend that this antibody be incubated for at least 45 minutes at 4°C for optimal staining.

Supplier: Biogems

The TL2.1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD282, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a type I transmembrane signaling receptor containing IL-1 receptor like intracellular domain and leucine-rich repeats (LRR) in the extracellular domain. CD282 is expressed on peripheral blood monocytes and is involved distinguishing bacterial lipoproteins. The TL2.1 antibody blocks the receptor and immunoprecipitates TLR2 from human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Supplier: Biogems

The M9.D6 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD289 also known as toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). CD289 is involved in the activation of innate immunity, in acquired immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. It is involved in the immune system’s response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotide sequences such as those found in bacterial, viral, or synthetic DNA. CD289 assists in pathogen recognition and is expressed by subtypes of dendritic cells and B cells.

Supplier: Biogems

The J43.1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD279, also known as PD-1 (programmed death-1), a 50-55 kDa glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily. The PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-H2) are members of the B7 family. Pd-1 contains an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM) and influences the peripheral tolerances and autoimmune diseases in mice. PD-1 is transiently expressed on CD4/CD8 thymocytes, it is upregulated in apoptotic cells, and it is expressed by activated myeloid and T and B cells. The binding of PD-1 to its ligands is blocked by the J43 antibody, which also enhances contact hypersensitivity and exacerbates acute Graft-versus-host disease, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and NOD diabetes. PD-1 seems to downregulate the immune response, as the development of splenomegaly and breakdown of peripheral tolerance in PD-1 deficient mice suggests.

Supplier: Biogems

The DTA-1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-related protein, also known as GITR and TNFRSF18, a 66-70 kDa homodimer glycoprotein, detected in the T cells treated with glucocorticoid dexamethasone. GITR is also expressed in naïve mice by CD25+/CD4+/CD8a- thymocytes and on CD25+/CD4+/CD45RB-low splenocytes. Low levels were detected in splenic CD25+/CD4+/CD45RB-low T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. A GITR ligand was detected on dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells.The DTA-1 antibody stimulates GITR and abrogates suppression by T regulatory cells (Treg), without affecting their proliferation. DTA-1 administration or the removal of GITR-expressing cells led to organ specific autoimmune disease.

Supplier: Biogems

The D7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse Ly-6A/E (Sca-1), a 18 kDa GPI-linked surface protein. It is expressed on multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and subsets of B and T cells and involved in B and T cell lymphocyte responses. Splenocytes from Ly-6.2 strains exhibit a larger number of D7-positive cells than those from the Ly-6.1 strains.

Supplier: Biogems

The MP4-25D2 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human Interleukin-4 (IL-4), expressed by the activated T cells and mast cells. IL-4 is species-specific and stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. It upregulates the expression of IgE receptors and class II MHC antigen. The MP4-25D2 is a neutralizing antibody and is reported to be cross-reactive with rhesus monkeys.

Supplier: Biogems

The 2F1 monoclonal antibody is specific for the mouse Killer cell Lectin-like Receptor G1 (KLRG1), a homodimer consisting of two N-glycosylated subunits of 30-38 kDa, also known as MAFA (Mast cell Function-associated Antigen). The antigen contains a cytoplasmic motif similar to ITIM (the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif). KLRG1 is a receptor for cadherin, a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion, and a common marker of T cell senescence. The receptor is believed to play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system through the regulation of leukocytes. It is expressed on lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, adherent LAK (A-LAK) cells, a sub-set of natural killer (NK) cells, T cells. In NK cells, it inhibits cytokine production and cytotoxicity activity.The receptor expression was not detected on the mouse peritoneal mast cells, or bone marrow mast cells.

Supplier: Biogems

The TER-119 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the mouse 52 kDa Glycophorin A expressed on the erythroid lineage cells, from the early proerythroblast to mature erythrocyte stages, in the fetal liver, adult bone marrow, newborn liver, yolk sac, and adult lymphoid organs. The TER-119 antibody is used, together with other antibodies, as a marker for hematopoietic lineages cells.

Supplier: Biogems

The 1A8 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the 21-25 kDa glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein known as Ly-6G, expressed by the granulocytes from the bone marrow and periphery neutrophils. Ly-6G and Ly-6C form the Granulocyte Receptor-1 antigen (GR-1). The binding of the 1A8 antibody to the Ly-6G can be blocked by another antibody, RB6-8C5, which also recognizes Ly-6C. While 1A8 is specific for only Ly-6G, RB6-8C5 also binds to Ly-6C.

Supplier: Biogems

The 16-10A1 antibody reacts with mouse CD80, also known as B7-1, a 55 kDa type I transmembrane protein ligand for CD152 (CTLA-4) and for CD28, a co-stimulatory receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 also binds a second B7 ligand known as CD86 (B7-2). Both CD80 and CD86 are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 or CTLA-4 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response.

Supplier: Biogems

The RB6-8C5 monoclonal antibody reacts with the mouse Ly-6G (also known as Gr-1). The Ly-6G protein is a myeloid differentiation antigen of 21-25 kDa, expressed in a regulated manner by the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow, where the level of antigen expression is correlated with the granulocyte maturation and differentiation. In the bone marrow, the antigen is not expressed by the erythroid cells. From the peripheric cells, RB6-8C5 binds with monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils.As a marker for the mouse monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes, the RB6-8C5 antibody is usually combined with M1/70, a macrophage labeling antibody (Anti-CD11b), for phenotypic analysis.

Supplier: Biogems

The HM40-3 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD40, a 48kDA type I glycoprotein known as Bp50. CD40 is part of the TNFR family and expressed on a subset of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. It has been shown to be involved in the protection of B cells from apoptosis, B cell differentiation, co-stimulation, and isotype class-switching. The HM40-3 antibody blocks the binding of CD40L (CD154) and stimulates B and dendritic cell proliferation.

Supplier: Biogems

The G7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD90, also known as thymus cell antigen-1 (Thy-1). CD90 is a 25-35 kDA GPI-anchored protein is the smallest member of the Ig superfamily. CD90 is expressed on thymocytes, neurons, hematopoietic stem cells, and T cells. It plays a role in T cell signal transduction and adhesion. The G7 antibody is reported to stimulate IL-2 secretion and T cell proliferation.

Supplier: Biogems

The ICRF44 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the 165 kDa human adhesion glycoprotein CD11b, which forms, together with the 95 kDa CD18 (integrin β2) a complex known as Mac-1. CD11b is expressed on the surface of activated lymphocytes, a subset of natural killer cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. It functions as a receptor in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and as a receptor for iC3b, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and ICAM-3 intercellular adhesion molecules.

Supplier: Biogems

The N418 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the integrin αx chain of the mouse CD11c, which is expressed on dendritic cells, CD4-/CD8+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and some activated T lymphocytes. Low levels of CD11c were detected on mouse splenic natural killer cells and on the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells.CD11c expression is upregulated on IEL and T lymphocytes after activation. It binds to CD54, fibrinogen and iC3b and influences the leukocyte adhesive interactions. The N418 antibody binds to CD11c on splenic dendritic cells of the mouse in the T-dependent areas. It also contributes to the binding of iC3b.

Supplier: Biogems

The 145-2C11 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD3e, the 20 kDa ε chain of the TCR complex. Together with the γ and δ subunits of CD3, the ε subunits are involved in the assembly, trafficking, and surface expression of T-cell receptor complex. CD3 is expressed on thymocytes, mature T cells, and natural killer T cells, and the ε chain enhances the antigen recognition.The 145-2C11 antibody binds to the TCR complex and, depending on the conditions, initiates T cells activation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The soluble antibody seems to block lysis of target cells by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The 145-2C11 antibody does not cross-react with the rat leukocytes, and it is used as a phenotypic marker for mouse T lymphocytes.

Supplier: Biogems

The SN3 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD24, a 35-45 kDA molecule also known as the Heat Stable Antigen (HAS), Ly-52, Nectadrin. It can be used as a marker for distinguishing between lymphocyte developmental stages as its expression varies on T and B cells during differentiation. CD24 is also expressed on monocytes, dendritic cells, hematopoietic stem cells, epidermal Lagershans cells, and neurons.

Supplier: Biogems

The IM7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with all the isoforms and both alloantigens of the CD44 glycoprotein (Pgp-1, Ly-24). CD44 is expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, bone marrow myeloid cells, memory T lymphocytes, periphery activated B cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The periphery B and T lymphocytes upregulate the expression of CD44. CD44 binds to hyaluronan molecules, acting as an adhesion molecule.The IM7 antibody inhibits collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice, prevents central nervous system inflammation associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but exacerbates the experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in CBA/J mice. The IM7 antibody also cross-reacts with dog, human, pig, horse, cat, and cow leukocytes.

Supplier: Biogems

The IM7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with all the isoforms and both alloantigens of the CD44 glycoprotein (Pgp-1, Ly-24). CD44 is expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, bone marrow myeloid cells, memory T lymphocytes, periphery activated B cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The periphery B and T lymphocytes upregulate the expression of CD44. CD44 binds to hyaluronan molecules, acting as an adhesion molecule.The IM7 antibody inhibits collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice, prevents central nervous system inflammation associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but exacerbates the experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in CBA/J mice. The IM7 antibody also cross-reacts with dog, human, pig, horse, cat, and cow leukocytes. 

Supplier: Biogems

The UCHL1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD45RO, a 180 kDa isoform of the leukocyte common antigen CD45. CD45RO is a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine phosphatase activity and is expressed by majority of thymocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and activated memory T lymphocytes. The subsets of peripheral T lymphocytes can be discriminated by using the CD45RO and CD45RA expressing cells.