Tetanus Toxins, List Biological Laboratories

Tetanus toxin is a potent neurotoxin that is taken up by presynaptic terminals at the neuromuscular junction, travels retrogradely within motor neurons and is transported transsynaptically to spinal cord interneurons

Upon entering the motor neuron, tetanus toxin associates with lipid rafts, is incorporated into non-acidified vesicles, sorted in a Rab 5/7 dependent pathway and transported to the cell body. The toxin is trancytosed so that it enters upstream inhibitory neurons where it cleaves VAMP-2, inhibiting neurotransmitter release. Tetanus toxin inhibits neurotransmitter release with great potency and selectivity, cleaving a bond in vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2) or synaptobrevin-2, thereby preventing the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.

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