You searched for: Proteins and Peptides

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3 α), also called CCL20, is expressed in the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes.  MIP-3 α expression is strongly induced by inflammatory signals, and downregulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). MIP-3 α signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR6 to function as a chemoattractant to lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

Supplier: VWR International

Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3 α), also called CCL20, is expressed in the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. MIP-3 α expression is strongly induced by inflammatory signals, and downregulated by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). MIP-3 α signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CCR6 to function as a chemoattractant to lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes. IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

Supplier: VWR International

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

Supplier: VWR International

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury.

Supplier: VWR International

Oncostatin M is a cytokine that is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes during inflammatory events. The Type-I and Type-II Oncostatin M receptors are located on the cell surface of endothelial and tumor cells, contain the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) subunit, and activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Supplier: VWR International

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways.

Supplier: VWR International

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways.

Supplier: VWR International

Macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), also called CCL18, is a chemokine expressed in the lymph nodes, lungs, placenta, and bone marrow. MIP-4 receptors include the chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8), the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), and the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein membrane-associate 3 (PITPNM3). MIP-4 acts as a chemoattractant for naive T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and nonactivated lymphocytes. Further, MIP-4 promotes breast cancer metastasis and attenuates the activation of acute lymphocytic leukemia B cells.

Supplier: VWR International

Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

Supplier: VWR International

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is an important member of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family of proteins. NT-3 promotes the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons and synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The receptor tyrosine kinase TrkC exclusively binds in high-affinity to NT-3. NT-3 also signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB, and through the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR).

Supplier: VWR International

Galectin-1 belongs to the lectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins and binds glycans as both a monomer and a homodimer. Galectin-1 is produced in peripheral lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites. Galectin-1 plays important roles in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, cell growth, cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis of activated T cells. Galectin-1 also modulates cytokine secretion and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 29 (IL-29), also known as IFN-λ, is a type III interferon produced by virally infected cells. IL-29 plays an important role in host defenses against microbes and antiviral activity. IL-29 shares homology with interleukin 28 (IL-28) and binds the class II cytokine receptor IL-28R.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that is expressed by activated type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-31 signals through a heterodimer receptor consisting of the IL-31 Receptor A (IL-31RA) and the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), which are expressed on monocytes, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. IL-31 promotes allergic reactions and inflammatory skin diseases.

Supplier: VWR International

The p28 subunit of interleukin 27 (IL-27), also known as interleukin 30 (IL-30), is a member of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family of cytokines. p28 is a secreted polypeptide that associates with the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3) to form the IL-27 cytokine heterodimer complex.

Supplier: VWR International

Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 α), also known as CCL3, is a cytokine produced by macrophages. MIP-1 α binds the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5 to induce inflammatory responses, including the recruitment of granulocytes and neutrophil superoxide production. The MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β heterodimer exhibits antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).

Supplier: VWR International

Growth regulated protein alpha (GRO-α), also known as CXCL1, is a chemokine that has mitogenic properties and is a neutrophil chemoattractant. GRO-α is secreted by macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and melanomas.  GRO-α signals through the CXCR2 chemokine receptor and is important during spinal cord formation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. 

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: VWR International

Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types. M-CSF also acts through the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to modulate processes involved in immunology, bone metabolism, fertility, and pregnancy.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is expressed by T cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. IL-6 acts to stimulate an immune response upon infection or trauma. IL-6 has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, is capable of promoting fever, and signals through the cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex containing the IL-6Ra and gp130 chains. Human IL-6 is active on mouse and rat cells.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) is expressed by epithelial cells, activated macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to regulate immune responses. IL-1α signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter.

Supplier: VWR International

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokine family and is produced by B cells and monocytes. IL-19 binds the interleukin 20 receptor complex (IL-20R) to activate STAT3 signaling. IL-19 induces interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) expression in monocytes, and promotes T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated immune responses.

Supplier: VWR International

Nerve growth factor beta (β-NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that is important for the development and maintenance of sensory and sympathetic neurons. β-NGF signals through the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) and the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) to activate PI3K, Ras, and PLC signaling pathways. β-NGF is also involved in the growth, differentiation, and survival of B lymphocytes. Human, mouse, and rat β-NGF proteins are cross-reactive. 

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Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells.  IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.  IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.  

Supplier: VWR International

Fractalkine, also known as CX3CL1, is a cytokine protein containing a CX3C chemokine motif atop a mucin stalk. Fractalkine is produced by non-hemopoietic cells, including neurons and astrocytes. Soluble fractalkine functions as a chemoattractant for T cells and monocytes. Cell-membrane-bound fractalkine, which is induced on activated endothelial cells, promotes leukocyte adhesion. The transmembrane chemokine receptor CX3CR1 mediates the adhesive and chemoattractant functions of fractalkine.

Supplier: VWR International

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a regulator of cell growth and differentiation during muscular and neural development. GDF-11 binds the transforming growth factor-beta receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7 to activate SMAD signaling. In adults, exogenous GDF-11 promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration to reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy.

Supplier: VWR International

Indian hedgehog (IHH) is an essential signaling factor that is secreted in the gut, cartilage, and bone during embryonic development. IHH acts through the patched (PTC) receptor to induce transcriptional changes important for bone and cartilage development. IHH also induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which in turn mediates IHH activity during chondrocyte differentiation, forming a negative feedback loop.