31906 Results for: "Sodium+ionophore+II"

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

R-Spondin-1 (RSPO1) is the prototype member of the R-Spondin (RSPO) protein subfamily of a superfamily of thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR-1)-containing proteins (Chen et al.; Kamata et al.; Kazanskaya et al.; Kim et al.). Although unable to initialize signaling, RSPO family members are potent enhancers of WNT signaling (Cruciat and Niehrs; de Lau et al.; Kamata et al.; Kazanskaya et al.). They are characterized by a TSR-1 domain, a carboxy-terminal region with positively charged amino acids, and two N-terminal furin-like cysteine-rich repeats (Glinka et al.; Kazanskaya et al.). R­-Spondin-1 activates β­-catenin signaling via the WNT signaling cascade and by indirectly increasing low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) on the cell surface. It does this by binding leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), and competing with WNT antagonist DKK­1 for binding to the WNT co­receptors, Kremen and LRP­6, which reduces DKK­1-­mediated internalization of LRP6 (Binnerts et al.). RSPO1 is involved in a wide range of pleiotropic roles during embryogenesis, it is required for the specification of hematopoietic stem cells, and it has been shown to be important in the growth, survival, and migration of ovarian cancer cells (Cruciat and Niehrs; de Lau et al.; Genthe and Clements; Liu et al.).

Supplier: REAGECON

FLAME PHOTOMETER STAND Na 100/ K 100 1 * 500 mL

Supplier: VELP SCIENTIFIC

The UDK Series distillers are designed to meet the most challenging demands and requirements for diverse applications, according to international standards: Kjeldahl nitrogen TKN, proteins, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitric nitrogen (Devarda), phenols, TVBN and volatile acids, cyanides, and alcohol content. Five different UDK models are available with different automation levels to match any laboratory requirement of automation and throughput. A complete range of distillers featuring exclusive technologies to meet any laboratory requirement for the determination of analytes in different fields of application.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Flt3/Flk-2 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/fetal liver kinase-2) ligand is a hematopoietic cytokine that plays an important role as a co-stimulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the development of the immune system (Lyman et al.; Rosnet et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 ligand, together with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin, is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive hematopoietic cells in culture. In combination with myeloid cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF, Flt3/Flk-2 ligand enhances the growth and numbers of clonogenic myeloid progenitor cells. In synergy with IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, GM-CSF, and TNF-α, Flt3/Flk-2 ligand regulates the development of various lymphoid progenitor cells, including dendritic cell, B cell, T cell, and NK cell progenitors. In contrast, Flt3/Flk-2 ligand has no significant effect on erythropoiesis or megakaryopoiesis (Drexler and Quentmeier; Wodnar-Filipowicz). Flt3/Flk-2 ligand exists as membrane-bound and soluble isoforms. Both isoforms are biologically active and signal through the class III tyrosine kinase receptor (Flt3/Flk-2, CD135; Rosnet et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 ligand is produced by a variety of cell types, including uncommitted and committed hematopoietic cells and stromal fibroblasts, whereas expression of the Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is restricted to CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is also expressed outside the hematopoietic system in the brain, placenta, and testis (Drexler and Quentmeier; Hannum et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Trigger a variety of immunological responses with E. coli Lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 (S-form), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the O55:B5 serotype of the Gram-negative bacteria and nbsp Escherichia coli. Composed of a lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen, LPS are glycolipid constituents that reside on the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria (Kitchens RL et al.). LPS protects bacteria against bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics by maintaining the outer integrity of the cell membrane (Bäckhed F et al.). E. coli lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 (S-form), in particular, is predominantly recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which leads to the activation of NF-κβ, a protein complex which plays a key role in regulating immune response (Kuzmich N et al.). Activation of NF-κβ can trigger increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α by macrophages (Matuschak GM et al.). This LPS can also interact with CD14 to activate phospholipase Cγ2 and kinases of the Src family, trigger influxes of extracellular Ca2+, as well as calcineurin-dependent translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors (Li CC et al.). When added to ImmunoCult™-SF macrophage medium (Catalog #10961), stimulation with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (O55:B5) and IFN-γ supports the polarization to M1 (classically activated) macrophages. Warning: This product is highly pyrogenic. Avoid all means by which the product may enter the bloodstream.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stem cell factor (SCF) is an early-acting cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. SCF promotes cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and functional activation of cells at multiple levels of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Together with other cytokines such as thrombopoietin and Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand, SCF is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem cells and multi-potent progenitor cells in culture (Huang et al.; Kent et al.). In synergy with various growth factors, including IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, G-CSF, and erythropoietin, SCF increases proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells and a subset of lymphoid progenitor cells (Broudy). In the mouse, SCF is essential during fetal gonadal development (Mauduit). It is produced by stromal cells in the fetal liver, bone marrow, and thymus, in the central nervous system, in keratinocytes, and in the gut mucosa, and can function as a chemotactic and chemokinetic factor. SCF exists in two biologically active splice forms: a soluble and a transmembrane isoform. Upon binding to its receptor (c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor; CD117), it activates PI3K, JAK/STAT, and MAPK pathways. SCF and signaling from c-kit has also been reported to play an important role in pigmentation, fertility, vasculogenesis, motility of the gut via c-kit-positive interstitial cells of Cajal, and in the migration of neuronal stem and progenitor cells to sites of injury in the brain (Lennartsson and Ronnstrand).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein growth factor that regulates proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic progenitors to mononuclear phagocytic cell lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts. M-CSF is a crucial factor for the development of tissue-resident macrophages in most tissues (Ginhoux andamp; Jung). It is required for the maturation and activation of monocytes and macrophages, and regulates inflammatory responses in conjunction with other stimuli such as IFN-γ, LPS, and IL-4 (Murray et al.). M-CSF is also required for bone resorption by osteoclasts, and is involved in the development and regulation of placenta, mammary gland, and brain. M-CSF is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, osteoclasts, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and tumor cells (Chockalingam andamp; Ghosh). M-CSF exerts its biological effects by signaling through a receptor tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R or M-CSF-R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene (Hamilton). CSF-1R shares similar structural features with other growth factor receptors, including the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and Flt3/Flk-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Stimulation of the CSF-1R upon binding to M-CSF activates MAPK, PI3K, and PLCγ signaling pathways (Chockalingam andamp; Ghosh). Human and mouse M-CSF sequences are highly conserved both at nucleotide and amino acid levels (80% homology; DeLamarter et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor and a member of the tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily. The GDNF family of growth factors also includes neurturin, persephin, and artemin, which have seven conserved cysteine residues called cysteine-knot (Treanor et al.). GDNF family ligands signal through binding to specific GDNF-family receptor-α (GFRα) co-receptors and activate the RET receptor tyrosine kinase (Durbec et al.). Four different forms of GFRα co-receptors have been characterized (GFRα 1-4) out of which GDNF binds specifically to GFRα1 prior to forming a complex with RET (Airaksinen and Saarma). GDNF is known to promote survival and morphological differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in both in vivo and in vitro studies and increase their high-affinity dopamine uptake (Granholm et al.; Lin et al.). GDNF has also been shown to have restorative effects on dying dopaminergic neurons in response to degenerative toxins (Aoi et al.). GDNF, together with Human Recombinant BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Catalog #78005), BrainPhys™ Neuronal Medium (Catalog #05790), and other supplements, can be used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into neurons (Bardy et al.). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 34 (IL-34) is well known for its ability to induce the formation of colony-forming unit macrophages in human bone marrow cell cultures (Foucher et al.; Wei et al.). This dimeric glycoprotein is a member of the short-chain helical hematopoietic cytokine family (Baghdadi et al.; Foucher et al.), and exists in two isoforms that differ by a single glutamine (Chen et al.; Foucher et al; Wei et al.). IL-34 interacts with M-CSF to trigger tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and ERK1/2 pathways. (Wang et al.; Wei et al.). It is expressed in many tissues (heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, testes, ovary, small intestine, prostate, and colon), with the highest expression in the spleen. In combination with RANKL, IL-34 induces osteoclast differentiation (Chen et al.; Foucher et al.). IL-34 expression is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease and atopic dermatitis, while high levels of IL-34 are found in many types of cancer correlated with poor prognosis, chronic heart failure or coronary artery disease, inflammatory bowel disease, influenza A infection, during acute liver transplant rejection or in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and with rheumatoid arthritis (Baghdadi et al.). It is therefore a possible pharmacological target for treating bone or inflammatory diseases (Chen et al.). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the carboxyl end of the polypeptide chain, and the protein was purified as a homodimer consisting of 39 kDa monomers (Lin et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines and is produced by leukocytic cells (monocytes, T cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells) and non-leukocytic somatic cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells), with the most prominent source being monocytes and macrophages. Its production is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as IL-1. IL-8, also known as CXCL8, activates neutrophils inducing chemotaxis, exocytosis, and the respiratory burst (Baggiolini and Clark-Lewis; Mukaida). IL-8 is considered one of the most potent neutrophil chemoattractants in inflammation and binds to two different chemokine receptors on leukocytes: the G protein-coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (Hoffmann et al.; de Oliveira et al.). IL-8 has angiogenic effects on human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro that are mediated by CXCR2 (Heidemann et al.). IL-8 is reported to promote breast cancer progression by increasing cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis and has been reported to be involved in regulating breast cancer stem-like cells (Singh et al.). IL-8 also has proangiogenic properties in inflammatory diseases of the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, retina, and orbit (Ghasemi et al.). It was also shown that a major T cell effector function in human newborns is IL-8 production, which has the potential to activate antimicrobial neutrophils and gamma/delta T cells (Gibbons et al.). A variety of human pathogens, such as HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have been shown to induce IL-8 production by monocytes and macrophages (Friedland et al.; Meddows-Taylor et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Flt3/Flk-2 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/fetal liver kinase-2) Ligand is a hematopoietic cytokine that plays an important role as a co-stimulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and in the development of the immune system (Hannum et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand, together with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin, is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive CD34+ hematopoietic cells in culture. In combination with myeloid cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand enhances the growth and numbers of clonogenic myeloid progenitor cells. In synergy with the interleukins IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, and GM-CSF and TNF-α, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand regulates the development of various lymphoid progenitor cells, including dendritic cell, B cell, T cell, and NK cell progenitors. In contrast, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand has no significant effect on erythropoiesis or megakaryopoiesis (Drexler andamp; Quentmeier; Wodnar-Filipowicz). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand exists as membrane-bound and soluble isoforms. Both isoforms are biologically active and signal through the class III tyrosine kinase receptor (Flt3/Flk-2, CD135; Rosnet et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand is produced by a variety of cell types, including uncommitted and committed hematopoietic cells and stromal fibroblasts, whereas expression of the Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is restricted to CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is also expressed on leukemic cells and outside the hematopoietic system in the brain, placenta, and testis (Drexler andamp; Quentmeier; Hannum et al.).

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Flt3/Flk-2 (Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/fetal liver kinase-2) Ligand is a hematopoietic cytokine that plays an important role as a co-stimulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the development of the immune system (Hannum et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand, together with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin, is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive CD34+ hematopoietic cells in culture. In combination with myeloid cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand enhances the growth and numbers of clonogenic myeloid progenitor cells. In synergy with the interleukins IL-3, IL-4, IL-7, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, and GM-CSF and TNF-α, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand regulates the development of various lymphoid progenitor cells, including dendritic cell, B cell, T cell, and NK cell progenitors. In contrast, Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand has no significant effect on erythropoiesis or megakaryopoiesis (Drexler and Quentmeier; Wodnar-Filipowicz). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand exists as membrane-bound and soluble isoforms. Both isoforms are biologically active and signal through the class III tyrosine kinase receptor (Flt3/Flk-2, CD135; Rosnet et al.). Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand is produced by a variety of cell types, including uncommitted and committed hematopoietic cells and stromal fibroblasts, whereas expression of the Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is restricted to CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Flt3/Flk-2 receptor is also expressed on leukemic cells and outside the hematopoietic system in the brain, placenta, and testis (Drexler and Quentmeier; Hannum et al.). This product is animal component-free.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

The Fast DNA™ SPIN Kit for Soil is designed to efficiently isolate bacterial, fungal, plant and animal genomic DNA from soil and other environmental samples. It quickly and efficiently isolates PCR-ready genomic DNA directly from soil samples in less than 60 minutes.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

GeneJET™ Plasmid Midiprep Kit is designed for large scale isolation of high quality plasmid DNA from recombinant E. coli cultures. The kit utilises silica-based membrane technology in the form of convenient spin column. Each prep recovers up to 200 µg of high copy number plasmid DNA. The purified plasmid DNA can be used in a wide variety of molecular biology procedures, such as restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR, cloning, transformation, automated sequencing, in vitro transcription, and transfection of robust cell lines.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

GeneJET™ Plasmid Maxiprep Kit is designed for large scale isolation of high quality plasmid DNA from recombinant E. coli cultures. GeneJET™ Plasmid Maxiprep Kit utilises silica-based membrane technology in the form of convenient spin column. Each prep recovers up to 750 µg of high copy plasmid DNA that can be used in a wide variety of molecular biology procedures, such as restriction endonuclease digestion, PCR, cloning, transformation, automated sequencing, in vitro transcription, and transfection of robust cell lines.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

GeneJET™ Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit is designed for rapid and efficient purification of high quality genomic DNA from a wide variety of plant species and tissue types. It utilises silica-based membrane technology in the form of a convenient spin column, eliminating the need for expensive resins, toxic phenol-chloroform extractions, or time-consuming alcohol precipitation. The standard procedure takes less than 30 minutes following cell lysis and yields purified DNA greater than 30 kb in size. DNA yields vary between different species and tissues depending on genome size, ploidy, cell number, and the age of the tissue sample. The typical yield from a standard tissue source (for example, young wheat leaves) is 30 to 32 μg from 100 mg of tissue. Isolated DNA can be used directly in PCR, qPCR, Southern blotting, and enzymatic reactions.