28226 Results for: "Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 57 kDa, identified as p57Kip2. It shows no cross-reaction with p27Kip1. p57Kip2 is a potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin complexes, and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Anti-p57 has been used as an aide in identification of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) (no nuclear labeling of cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) in which both cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells stain. The histological differentiation of complete mole, partial mole, and hydropic spontaneous abortion is problematic. Most complete hydatidiform moles are diploid, whereas most partial moles are triploid. Ploidy studies will identify partial moles, but will not differentiate complete moles from non-molar gestations. Complete moles carry a high risk of persistent disease and choriocarcinoma, while partial moles have a very low risk. In normal placenta, many cytotrophoblast nuclei and stromal cells are labeled with this antibody. Similar findings apply to PHM and hydropic abortus tissues. Intervillous trophoblastic islands (IVTIs) demonstrate nuclear labeling in all three entities and serve as an internal control.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a 27 kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. Its epitope spans between aa 83-204 of p27. It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. p27Kip1 functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- induced G1 arrest. p27Kip1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. This MAb co-precipitates cdk4 in complex p27Kip1 and is excellent for staining of formalin-fixed tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.

Supplier: Biotium

β2 microglobulin is a 12 kDa protein with a pI of 5.6. Serum β2 microglobulin levels are a reflection of cell turnover. Levels rise with fever, inflammation, and infection. Increased serum levels are also seen in B-cell malignancies and in renal failure and may indicate a worse prognosis for patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. In urine, increased levels are seen in proximal renal tubular disease as well as renal transplant rejection. β2 microglobulin levels can rise either because its rate of synthesis has increased (e.g. in AIDS, malignant monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia, solid tumours and autoimmune disease) or because of impaired renal filtration (e.g. due to renal insufficiency, graft rejection or nephrotoxicity induced by post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy).

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein of 25-26 kDa, identified as the bcl-2 α oncoprotein. It shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-x or Bax protein. Expression of bcl-2 α oncoprotein inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis). In most follicular lymphomas, neoplastic germinal centers express high levels of bcl-2 α protein, whereas the normal or hyperplastic germinal centers are negative. Consequently, this antibody is valuable when distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic follicular proliferation in lymph node biopsies. It may also be used in distinguishing between those follicular lymphomas that express bcl-2 protein and the small number in which the neoplastic cells are bcl-2 negative.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes actin of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. It is not reactive with other mesenchymal cells except for myoepithelium. Actin can be resolved on the basis of its isoelectric points into three distinctive components: alpha, beta, and gamma in order of increasing isoelectric point. Anti-muscle specific actin recognizes alpha and gamma isotypes of all muscle groups. Non-muscle cells such as vascular endothelial cells and connective tissues are non-reactive. Also, neoplastic cells of non-muscle-derived tissue such as carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas are negative.It stains tumors of smooth muscle (leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) as well as skeletal muscle (rhabdomyomas and rhabdomyosarcomas).

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Ksp-cadherin. Cadherins form a superfamily of related glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Cadherins have been implicated in embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, tissue structure maintenance, cell polarization, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis, and membrane transport. It is suggested that Ksp-cadherin is a marker for terminal differentiation of the basolateral membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells. Within the kidney, Ksp-Cadherin is found exclusively in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and collecting duct cells, and not in glomeruli, renal interstitial cells, or blood vessels.Ksp-Cadherin has been suggested to distinguish Chromophobe Renal-Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Ksp-cadherin. Cadherins form a superfamily of related glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Cadherins have been implicated in embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, tissue structure maintenance, cell polarization, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis, and membrane transport. It is suggested that Ksp-cadherin is a marker for terminal differentiation of the basolateral membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells. Within the kidney, Ksp-Cadherin is found exclusively in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and collecting duct cells, and not in glomeruli, renal interstitial cells, or blood vessels.Ksp-Cadherin has been suggested to distinguish Chromophobe Renal-Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma.

Supplier: Biotium

β2 microglobulin is a 12 kDa protein with a pI of 5.6. Serum β2 microglobulin levels are a reflection of cell turnover. Levels rise with fever, inflammation, and infection. Increased serum levels are also seen in B-cell malignancies and in renal failure and may indicate a worse prognosis for patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. In urine, increased levels are seen in proximal renal tubular disease as well as renal transplant rejection. β2 microglobulin levels can rise either because its rate of synthesis has increased (e.g. in AIDS, malignant monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia, solid tumours and autoimmune disease) or because of impaired renal filtration (e.g. due to renal insufficiency, graft rejection or nephrotoxicity induced by post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein of 80-95 kDa (CD44) on lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes (Leucocyte Typing Workshop V). Its epitope is resistant to digestion by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The CD44 family of glycoproteins exists in a number of variant isoforms, the most common being the standard 85-95 kDa or hematopoietic variant (CD44s). Higher molecular weight isoforms are described in epithelial cells (CD44v), which are believed to function in intercellular adhesion and stromal binding. CD44 immunostaining is commonly used for the discrimination of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma in-situ from non-neoplastic changes in the urothelium.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope (cluster-4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope (cluster-4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb reacts with a CD32 (FcgRII) epitope (cluster-4). It displays a stronger reaction with Daudi than with U937 cells. The epitope is located in domain 2 of FcgRIIa. Its Fab'2 fragments block immune complex binding. CD32 (FcgRII) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates several functions including phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulation as well as platelet aggregation. Three genes (A, B, and C) encode CD32 and at least 6 isoforms are generated via alternative mRNA splicing, i.e., IIa1, IIa2, IIb1, IIb2, IIb3 and IIc. Monocytes/macrophages, placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells express all isoforms. In addition, the IIb isoform is expressed by B cells, and the IIa isoform by platelets, granulocytes and, weakly, by B cells. NK cells and neutrophils express Isoform IIc. CD32 binds weakly to the Fc region of monomeric IgG but more strongly to IgG aggregates and immune complexes.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb stains the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs, Kupffer's cells of the liver and Langerhan's cells of the skin. It also stains the mantle zone B-lymphocytes of the lymph node and spleen, spermatogonia, and chief cells of the stomach. S100A9 is expressed by macrophages in acutely inflamed tissues and in chronic inflammation. It is detected in peripheral blood leukocytes, in neutrophils and granulocytes. It is present at sites of vascular inflammation. S100A9 is also expressed in epithelial cells constitutively or induced during dermatoses. S100A9 is a Calcium-binding protein. It has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. It is important for resistance to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. It up-regulates transcription of genes that are under the control of NF-kappa-B. S100A9 plays a role in the development of endotoxic shock in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It promotes tubulin polymerization when unphosphorylated. It also promotes phagocyte migration and infiltration of granulocytes at sites of wounding. It plays a role as a pro-inflammatory mediator in acute and chronic inflammation and up-regulates the release of IL8 and cell-surface expression of ICAM1.

Supplier: Biotium

CD45R, also designated CD45 and PTPRC, is identified as a transmembrane glycoprotein, broadly expressed among hematopoietic cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45R are distributed throughout the immune system. These isoforms arise because of alternative splicing of exons 4, 5, and 6. The corresponding protein domains are characterized by the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for CD45RA (exon 4), CD45RB (exon 5), CD45RC (exon 6) and CD45RO (exons 4 to 6 spliced out). The variation in these isoforms is localized to the extracellular domain of CD45R, while the intracellular domain is conserved. CD45RB is expressed on mature B-lymphocytes and the majority of lymphomas and leukemias of B-cell origin.

Supplier: Biotium

Biotium offers high quality amine-reactive succinimidyl ester (SE) dyes used to label proteins, oligonucleotides, and nucleic acids.

Supplier: Biotium

Coelenterazine and its analogs are luminescent enzyme substrates for apoaequorin and Renilla luciferase.

Supplier: Biotium

Biotium offers high quality amine-reactive succinimidyl ester (SE) dyes used to label proteins, oligonucleotides, and nucleic acids.

Supplier: Biotium

Mix-n-Stain™ FITC antibody labelling kits utilise a technology that allows rapid antibody labelling with green fluorescent dye (FITC) without a purification step.

Supplier: Biotium

Monoclonal mouse anti-biotin antibody reacts with biotin conjugated to antibodies or other proteins, and may show less non-specific binding to cells or tissues compared to streptavidin conjugates.

Supplier: Biotium

Biotium’s CellBrite™ NIR Cytoplasmic Membrane Dyes are near-infrared lipophilic carbocyanine dyes for labeling cytoplasmic membranes in live or formaldehyde-fixed cells.

Supplier: Biotium

Cyanine 647-dUTP can be used to synthesise labeled DNA probes for in-situ hybridization, microarray or blotting techniques.

Supplier: Biotium

CD17 is an intermediate glycosphingolipid from the metabolism of higher gangliosides that localizes to sphingolipid-sterol rafts. CD17 is detectable in monocytes, granulocytes, basophils, platelets, a subset of peripheral B cells (CD19 ) and tonsil dendritic cells. It is rapidly down regulated on activated granulocytes and is upregulated on IL-2 activated T lymphocytes. CD17 binds to bacteria and may function in phagocytosis. VEGF-treated endothelial cells can produce CD17, which can then mediate signaling toward PECAM-1 expression and angiogenesis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)-induced astrogliosis (astrocyte proliferation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation) in response to neuro-inflammation (i.e. spinal cord injury) causes an increase in intracellular levels of CD17. Aberrant levels of glycosphingolipids are a feature of cancer cells and may influence integrin clustering and internalization.

Supplier: Biotium

Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular (ring-like, perinuclear) from ductal (peripheral-predominant) carcinoma of the breast.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8). Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50 , 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.