"Other Essentials"

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 4 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP3. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 4 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP3. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localised innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also causative agent of various diseases as it causes localised inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

KANK3 Antibody: Ankyrins are membrane adaptor molecules that play important roles in the control of cytoskeleton formation by regulating actin polymerization. Like other members of the KANK family, KANK3 (KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 3), is thought to play a role in the formation of actin stress fibers. In zebrafish, the homolog of KANK3 interacts with the adaptor protein Numb, a protein implicated in multiple basic cellular processes, and is essential for epidermal integrity and neurulation, suggesting that KANK3 may play a similar role in higher organisms.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

IKK alpha Antibody: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NF-kappa B mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL-1, TNF alpha and bacteria product LPS. NF-kappa B is associated with I kappa B proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NF-kappa B activity. The long-sought I kappa B kinase (IKK), which phosphorylates I kappa B, and mediates I kappa B degradation and NF-kappa B activation, was recently identified by several laboratories. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta ). IKK alpha and IKK beta interact with each other and both are essential for the NF-kappa B activation. IKK alpha specifically phosphorylates I kappa B-alpha. IKK alpha is expressed in a variety of human tissues.

Supplier: Bioss

ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 3), also known as GCP60 (Golgi resident protein GCP60), GOCAP1, PAP7 or GOLPH1, is a Golgi apparatus membrane protein that contains one ACB (acyl-CoA-binding) domain and one GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain which is essential for its interaction with other proteins. Expressed ubiquitously with highest expression in ovary and testis, ACBD3 is responsible for maintaining Golgi structure and, through binding to Giantin (golgin subfamily B member 1), functions to mediate protein transport between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Changes in the subcellular location of ACBD3 trigger signaling cascades within the Golgi that regulate cell fate and cell cycle progression. Additionally, ACBD3 is thought to act as a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor-associated protein, possibly playing a role in hormonal regulation and steroid formation.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Podocalyxin is a member of the CD34 transmembrane sialomucin family. It is over-expressed on the podocyte foot projections and plays essential roles in kidney development and homeostasis, blood filtration and urine formation. It is also expressed on vascular endothelia, hematopoietic progenitors and a subset of neurons. Overexpression may be linked to more aggressive tumor behavior. Podocalyxin antibody can identify podocytes in the urine (podocyturia) that may indicate glomerular disease, pre-eclampsia, and other kidney pathology.

Supplier: Bioss

SPR, also known as sepiapterin reductase, is a homodimeric cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the sepiapterin reductase family. SPR functions as an NADH-dependent aldo-keto reductase and specifically catalyzes the reduction of pteridine derivatives. In addition, SPR plays an important role in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the final reduction step of the synthesis pathway. BH4 is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) and is required for proper dopamine synthesis. Mutations in the gene encoding SPR can cause sepiapterin reductase deficiency, a monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency interferes with BH4 synthesis, resulting in DOPA-responsive dystonia and a variety of other human diseases. In addition, SPR mRNA expression is increased in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, suggesting that SPR may play a role in PD.

Supplier: Bioss

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

Supplier: Bioss

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

Supplier: Bioss

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

Supplier: Bioss

The Drosophila atonal gene produces a protein with basic helix loop helix (bHLH) domains that plays an essential role in the development of the Drosophila nervous system. Mammalian atonal homolog 2 (MATH-2) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor that is structurally homologous to the product of Drosophila atonal gene. MATH-2 is a 337 amino acid protein with an atonal-related basic HLH domain. In mice, expression of MATH-2 takes place by embryonic day 11.5 and initially localizes to the wall of brain vesicles and in the spinal cord. It is expressed in the cortical plate and the mantle layer in the developing central nervous system, and is limited to the nervous system in adults. Adult mouse cerebrums produce a high level of MATH-2 RNA with lower levels in other neuronal tissues. Research studies suggest that MATH-2 may function as a trans-acting factor involved in the development and maintenance of the mammalian nervous system.

Supplier: Bioss

The Ras p21 family of guanine nucleotide proteins has been widely studied in view of its apparent role in signal transduction pathways and high frequency of mutations in human malignancies. It is now clear, however, that the Ras proteins (H-, K- and N-Ras p21) are members of a much larger superfamily of related proteins. Six members of this family, Rap 1A, Rap 1B, Rap 2, R-Ras, Ral A and Ral B, exhibit approximately 50% amino acid homology to Ras. The six mammalian Rho proteins (Rho A, B, C, G, 7 and 8) are approximately 30% homologous to Ras and are expressed in a wide range of cell types. Both Ras p21 and Rho p21, as well as other members of the Ras superfamily, contain a carboxy-terminal CAAX sequence (C, cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acid; X, any amino acid) which in the case of Ras has been shown to be essential for correct localization and function.