28191 Results for: "Biotium"

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a 60 kDa antigen associated with the mitochondria in human cells. It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes an antigen associated with the mitochondria in human cells only. It can be used to stain the mitochondria in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a mitochondrial marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a spaghetti-like pattern in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain mitochondria of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations. This MAb is an excellent marker for human cells in xenographic model research. It reacts specifically with human cells, including neurons and embryonic stem cells.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 140 kDa, which is identified as the complement receptor 2 (CR2)/CD21. Its epitope is located in 5-8 short consensus repeats (SCRs). This MAb is highly specific to CR2 and shows no cross-reaction with CR1. This protein is expressed strongly on mature B cells, follicular dendritic cells and weakly on immature thymocytes and T lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD21 appears after the pre-B-stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. CD21 expression is also gradually lost after stimulation of B cells in vitro. CD21 functions as receptor for C3d, C3dg and iC3b Complement components, for EBV and for IFNalpha. CD21 binds to CD23 and associates with CD19, CD81 and Leu13 to form a large signal-transduction complex involved in B cell activation. MAb FR5A10 can be used for EBV receptor studies, interactions between B and T cells especially through CD23, human complement receptor (CR2) studies and IFN-alpha receptor studies.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 140 kDa, which is identified as the complement receptor 2 (CR2)/CD21. Its epitope is located in 5-8 short consensus repeats (SCRs). This MAb is highly specific to CR2 and shows no cross-reaction with CR1. This protein is expressed strongly on mature B cells, follicular dendritic cells and weakly on immature thymocytes and T lymphocytes. In B-cell ontogeny, CD21 appears after the pre-B-stage, is maintained during peripheral B-cell development and is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. CD21 expression is also gradually lost after stimulation of B cells in vitro. CD21 functions as receptor for C3d, C3dg and iC3b Complement components, for EBV and for IFNalpha. CD21 binds to CD23 and associates with CD19, CD81 and Leu13 to form a large signal-transduction complex involved in B cell activation. MAb FR5A10 can be used for EBV receptor studies, interactions between B and T cells especially through CD23, human complement receptor (CR2) studies and IFN-alpha receptor studies.

Supplier: Biotium

At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5, anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a non-histone protein of 36 kDa, which is identified as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). It is also known as cyclin or polymerase delta auxiliary protein. Elevated expression of PCNA/cyclin has been shown in the nucleus during late G1 phase immediately before the onset of DNA synthesis, becoming maximal during S-phase and declining during G2 and M phases. This MAb is excellent for multiple applications.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody reacts with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in single stranded DNA (produced by partial denaturation of double stranded DNA), BrdU coupled to a protein carrier, as well as free BrdU. BrdU is a thymidine analog, incorporated into cell nuclei during DNA synthesis prior to mitosis. Antibody to BrdU is helpful in detecting S-phase cells, providing useful information on the aggressiveness of tumors.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 110 kDa, identified as CD106 (also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and INCAM-100). CD106 is a member of the Ig superfamily of adhesion molecules and is expressed at high levels on cytokine stimulated vascular endothelial cells, and at minimal levels on un-stimulated endothelial cells. It is also present on follicular and inter-follicular dendritic cells of lymph nodes, myoblasts, and some macrophages. CD106 serves as a ligand for leukocyte integrin (VLA-4 or CD49d/CD29) and mediates cell adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium. It plays a role in various immunological and inflammatory responses.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 150 kDa, which is identified as the high molecular weight variant of Caldesmon. Two closely related variants of human caldesmon have been identified which are different in their electrophoretic mobility and cellular distribution. The h-caldesmon variant (120-150 kDa) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle whereas l-caldesmon (70-80 kDa) is found in non- muscle tissue and cells. Neither of the two variants has been detected in skeletal muscle. This MAb recognizes only the 150 kDa variant (h-caldesmon) in Western blots of human aortic media extracts and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts from cultivated human foreskin. Caldesmon is a developmentally regulated protein involved in smooth muscle and non-muscle contraction.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein doublet of 20-22 kDa, identified as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1) or Melan-A. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Seven other melanoma associated antigens recognized by autologous cytotoxic T cells include MAGE-1, MAGE-3, tyrosinase, gp100, gp75, BAGE-1, and GAGE-1. Subcellular fractionation shows that MART-1 is present in melanosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. This MAb labels melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation. It is also a useful positive-marker for angiomyolipomas. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody recognizes a protein doublet of 20-22 kDa, identified as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells 1) or Melan-A. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Seven other melanoma associated antigens recognized by autologous cytotoxic T cells include MAGE-1, MAGE-3, tyrosinase, gp100, gp75, BAGE-1, and GAGE-1. Subcellular fractionation shows that MART-1 is present in melanosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. This MAb labels melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation. It is also a useful positive-marker for angiomyolipomas. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin.

Supplier: Biotium

MAb IPO-10 defines the antigen, which appears on B cell progenitors following HLA-DR and preceding CD10, CD19, CD22, CD37 and cym. It is expressed on resting B cells and than reappears and persists in cytoplasm and on cell surface until cytoplasmic Ig appears. It is a useful antibody for diagnostics of neoplasms of B cell origins. It reacts with human B cell lines Daudi, Raji, Namalva, EB-3, RPMI-8226 (50% of cells). The MAb does not label T cell lines, blood granulocytes, thymocytes or bone marrow stromal fibroblasts. No significant changes are detected after PHA or ConA stimulation while LPS and PWM stimulated cultures after 18-48h show decreased number of antigen-positive cells but in final terms of cultivation antigen is expressed again. This MAb labels B cell leukemias and some lymphomas. Hairy cell leukemia strongly reacts and 70% of B cell CLL and some B-NHL were also positive. IPO-10 reacts with AMML cells and in a majority of Hodgkin's disease cases a significant percentage of affected lymph node cells were detected.

Supplier: Biotium

MAb IPO-10 defines the antigen, which appears on B cell progenitors following HLA-DR and preceding CD10, CD19, CD22, CD37 and cym. It is expressed on resting B cells and than reappears and persists in cytoplasm and on cell surface until cytoplasmic Ig appears. It is a useful antibody for diagnostics of neoplasms of B cell origins. It reacts with human B cell lines Daudi, Raji, Namalva, EB-3, RPMI-8226 (50% of cells). The MAb does not label T cell lines, blood granulocytes, thymocytes or bone marrow stromal fibroblasts. No significant changes are detected after PHA or ConA stimulation while LPS and PWM stimulated cultures after 18-48h show decreased number of antigen-positive cells but in final terms of cultivation antigen is expressed again. This MAb labels B cell leukemias and some lymphomas. Hairy cell leukemia strongly reacts and 70% of B cell CLL and some B-NHL were also positive. IPO-10 reacts with AMML cells and in a majority of Hodgkin's disease cases a significant percentage of affected lymph node cells were detected.

Supplier: Biotium

The Lewis histo-blood group system comprises a set of fucosylated glycosphingolipids that are synthesized by exocrine epithelial cells and circulate in body fluids. The glycosphingolipids function in embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, tumor metastasis, inflammation, and bacterial adhesion. They are secondarily absorbed to red blood cells giving rise to their Lewis phenotype. This gene is a member of the fucosyltransferase family, which catalyzes the addition of fucose to precursor polysaccharides in the last step of Lewis antigen biosynthesis. It encodes an enzyme with alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase and alpha(1,4)-fucosyltransferase activities. Lewis blood group antigens are carbohydrate moieties structurally integrated in mucous secretions. Lewis antigen system alterations have been described in gastric carcinoma and associated lesions. Anomalous expression of Lewis B antigen has been found in some non-secretory gastric carcinomas and colorectal cancers.

Supplier: Biotium

This antibody cocktail recognizes three melanoma-specific proteins, which include MART-1, Tyrosinase and gp100. MART-1 is a newly identified melanocyte differentiation antigen recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. The function of gp100 is not known but it is reported to be a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas. This cocktail of three markers is designed for extremely sensitive labeling of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanomas and other tumors showing melanocytic differentiation.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 145 kDa, identified as CD117/p145kit. It is found on a wide variety of tumor cells including follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid, adenocarcinomas from endometrium, lung, ovary, pancreas, and breast as well as malignant melanoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and small cell carcinoma. However, anti-CD117 has been particularly useful in differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors from Kaposi's sarcoma, tumors of smooth muscle origin, fibromatosis, and neural tumors of the GI tract. Anti-CD117 is also useful in recognizing myeloblasts in bone marrow biopsy and clot section.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb recognizes a protein of 145 kDa, identified as CD117/p145kit. It is found on a wide variety of tumor cells including follicular and papillary carcinoma of thyroid, adenocarcinomas from endometrium, lung, ovary, pancreas, and breast as well as malignant melanoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and small cell carcinoma. However, anti-CD117 has been particularly useful in differentiating gastrointestinal stromal tumors from Kaposi's sarcoma, tumors of smooth muscle origin, fibromatosis, and neural tumors of the GI tract. Anti-CD117 is also useful in recognizing myeloblasts in bone marrow biopsy and clot section.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 110 kDa, identified as CD106 (also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and INCAM-100). CD106 is a member of the Ig superfamily of adhesion molecules and is expressed at high levels on cytokine stimulated vascular endothelial cells, and at minimal levels on un-stimulated endothelial cells. It is also present on follicular and inter-follicular dendritic cells of lymph nodes, myoblasts, and some macrophages. CD106 serves as a ligand for leukocyte integrin (VLA-4 or CD49d/CD29) and mediates cell adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium. It plays a role in various immunological and inflammatory responses.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 27 kDa, identified as the Bcl-X protein. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-2 or Bax protein. Bcl-X has two isoforms, Bcl-XL (long), a 241 amino acid protein which suppresses cell death. And Bcl-XS (short), a 178 amino acid protein lacking a 63 amino acid domain which functions as a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. This MAb reacts with both Bcl-XS and Bcl-XL proteins.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

This MAb is specific to kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. It recognizes human Ig kappa light chains of both secreted and cell surface immunoglobulin. It detects also free kappa light chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 110 kDa, which is identified as androgen receptor (AR). It reacts with full length, and the newly described A form of the receptor. It does not cross react with estrogen, progesterone, or glucocorticoid receptors. The expression of AR is reportedly inversely correlated with histologic grade i.e. well differentiated prostate tumors show higher expression than the poorly differentiated tumors. In prostate cancer, AR has been proposed, as a marker of hormone-responsiveness and thus it may be useful in identifying patients likely to benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Anti-androgen receptor has been useful clinically in differentiating morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (mBCC) from desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE) in the skin.This MAb is superb for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a carbohydrate determinant of Gal 1-3(Fuc 1-4) GlcNAc which is blood group antigen Lewis A. It is present primarily on epithelial cells such as colon and kidneys. In the tumors and dedifferentiated tissues, decrease of Lewis A antigen was observed. Lewis A (type 1 chain) is expressed in colonic epithelial cells and may be useful for detection of gastrointestinal tumors, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal tumors. Blood group related antigens represent a group of carbohydrate determinants carried on both glycolipids and glycoproteins. They are usually mucin-type, and are detected on erythrocytes, certain epithelial cells, and in secretions of certain individuals. Sixteen genetically and biosynthetically distinct but inter-related specificities belong to this group of antigens, including A, B, H, Lewis A, Lewis B, Lewis X, Lewis Y, and precursor type 1 chain antigens.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 150 kDa, which is identified as the high molecular weight variant of Caldesmon. Two closely related variants of human caldesmon have been identified which are different in their electrophoretic mobility and cellular distribution. The h-caldesmon variant (120-150 kDa) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle whereas l-caldesmon (70-80 kDa) is found in non- muscle tissue and cells. Neither of the two variants has been detected in skeletal muscle. This MAb recognizes only the 150 kDa variant (h-caldesmon) in Western blots of human aortic media extracts and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts from cultivated human foreskin. Caldesmon is a developmentally regulated protein involved in smooth muscle and non-muscle contraction.

Supplier: Biotium

The Lewis histo-blood group system comprises a set of fucosylated glycosphingolipids that are synthesized by exocrine epithelial cells and circulate in body fluids. The glycosphingolipids function in embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, tumor metastasis, inflammation, and bacterial adhesion. They are secondarily absorbed to red blood cells giving rise to their Lewis phenotype. This gene is a member of the fucosyltransferase family, which catalyzes the addition of fucose to precursor polysaccharides in the last step of Lewis antigen biosynthesis. It encodes an enzyme with alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase and alpha(1,4)-fucosyltransferase activities. Lewis blood group antigens are carbohydrate moieties structurally integrated in mucous secretions. Lewis antigen system alterations have been described in gastric carcinoma and associated lesions. Anomalous expression of Lewis B antigen has been found in some non-secretory gastric carcinomas and colorectal cancers.

Supplier: Biotium

Beta-catenin associates with the cytoplasmic portion of E-cadherin, which is necessary for the function of E-cadherin as an adhesion molecule. In normal tissues, beta-catenin is localized to the membrane of epithelial cells, consistent with its role in the cell adhesion complex. In breast ductal neoplasia, beta-catenin is usually localized in cellular membranes. However, in lobular neoplasia, a marked redistribution of beta-catenin throughout the cytoplasm results in a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Immuno-staining of beta-catenin and E-cadherin is helps in the accurate identification of ductal and lobular neoplasms, including a distinction between low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma. Additionally, some rectal and gastric adenocarcinomas demonstrate diffuse cytoplasmic beta-catenin staining and a lack of membranous staining, mimicking the staining pattern observed with lobular breast carcinomas.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 27 kDa, identified as the Bcl-X protein. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with Bcl-2 or Bax protein. Bcl-X has two isoforms, Bcl-XL (long), a 241 amino acid protein which suppresses cell death. And Bcl-XS (short), a 178 amino acid protein lacking a 63 amino acid domain which functions as a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2. This MAb reacts with both Bcl-XS and Bcl-XL proteins.

Supplier: Biotium

Recognizes a protein of 150 kDa, which is identified as the high molecular weight variant of Caldesmon. Two closely related variants of human caldesmon have been identified which are different in their electrophoretic mobility and cellular distribution. The h-caldesmon variant (120-150 kDa) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle whereas l-caldesmon (70-80 kDa) is found in non- muscle tissue and cells. Neither of the two variants has been detected in skeletal muscle. This MAb recognizes only the 150 kDa variant (h-caldesmon) in Western blots of human aortic media extracts and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts from cultivated human foreskin. Caldesmon is a developmentally regulated protein involved in smooth muscle and non-muscle contraction.