2465 Results for: "STEMCELL Technologies"

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Anti-IgG (H+L) Goat Polyclonal Antibody (iFluor™ 647)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Goat polyclonal antibody against mouse IgG (H+L).

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HHV8 (K8) Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with HHV8 (K8) peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. HHV8 (K8) peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 57 peptides from protein K8 alpha of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 237 on K8. A basic leucine zipper (bZip) protein that associates with the lytic origin of HHV8 (Lin et al.), K8 is thought to play a role in lytic DNA replication, as a trans-acting factor (AuCoin et al.). It has also been found to modulate the activity of the transcriptional transactivator K-Rta (Izumiya et al.), and has an autoregulatory function (Wang et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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Human Recombinant VEGF-121

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-121) is a naturally-occurring VEGF-A splice variant involved in embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF binds to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, and activates Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways. VEGF-121 is released as a freely diffusible protein by a variety of normal and transformed cells. It plays an important role in neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo (Storkebaum et al.). It has neurotrophic effects on neurons of the central nervous system and promotes growth and survival of dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. VEGF also promotes growth and survival of vascular endothelial cells, monocyte chemotaxis, and colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (Ferrara et al.).

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Mouse Recombinant TNF-alpha

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Activated T cells and macrophages are the primary producers of TNF-α in response to inflammation and infectious conditions. Many other cell types have been shown to produce TNF-α, among them B cells, NK cells, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, microglia, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts. TNF-α has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro by stimulating anti-tumor immunosuppressive responses. TNF-α stimulates expression of E- and P-selectins, thus facilitating adhesion of neutrophils, monocytes, and memory T cells to activated platelets and endothelial cells (Zelová andamp; Hosek). Other effects of TNF-α include vasodilatation and edema formation.

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Human Recombinant IL-12

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 12 (IL-12p70) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits. IL-12 is produced by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and B cells in response to bacterial products and cytokines such as IFN-γ. The IL-12 receptor is expressed on T, NK, and dendritic cells. Upon binding, IL-12 initiates signaling via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and stimulates NK, B, and T cells to produce IFN-γ (Watford et al.). It also regulates cytokine synthesis, proliferation of T and NK cells, and stimulates differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Germann and Rüde). Mice that are deficient in IL-12 are susceptible to many intracellular pathogens and have impaired IFN-γ secretion, Th1 differentiation, and NK cytolytic activity; however, Th2 development and IL-4 production are enhanced (Watford et al.).

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Human Recombinant IL-9

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 9 (IL-9) has pleiotropic functions in the immune system and signals through its specific IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (Renauld et al.). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway mainly targets the downstream activation of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and subsequent phosphorylation cascades initiated by multiple kinases including IRS–PI3K–PKB (insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinases, protein kinase-B) and ERK (Knoops and Renauld; Fontaine et al.). IL-9 has been shown to have a role in Th1/Th17-mediated inflammation and in regulatory T cell responses (Singh et al.; Goswami and Kaplan). IL-9/IL-9R signaling pathway represents a novel endogenous anti-apoptotic mechanism for cortical neurons (Fontaine et al.). IL-9 secreting T cells, termed Th9 cells, contribute to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and have been shown to have a role in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease (Kaplan et al.).

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Human Recombinant IL-13

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a cytokine important in type 2 immune responses and is expressed by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) (Pulendran and Artis). IL-13 binds a receptor composed of IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1 or IL-13Ra2 (Wynn 2003). IL-13 receptor is expressed on B cells and promotes B cell proliferation, induces class switching to IgG4 and IgE, and functions in the recruitment and activation of IgE-producing B cells (Hershey). The receptor is also expressed on basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, respiratory epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells (Hershey). Signaling through the IL-13 receptor activates the JAK/STAT and IRS-1/IRS-2 pathways. in vivo, IL-13 has a role in resistance to extracellular helminth parasites by regulating gastrointestinal parasite expulsion, as well as in airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic inflammation, tissue remodeling, tumor cell growth, and fibrosis (Wynn 2015). Secreted IL-13 is a protein consisting of 112 amino acids with a molecular mass of 10 kDa (Hershey). Human IL-13 is not species-specific but has greater activity on human cells compared to mouse cells (Hershey).

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Human Recombinant GRO-beta (CXCL2)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

GRO (growth-regulated oncogene)-beta or CXCL2 is a member of the CXC family, which plays an integral role in recruitment and activation of neutrophils and basophils in response to tissue injury and microbial infection. GRO-beta and GRO-gamma are closely related to GRO-alpha and share 90% and 86% amino acid sequence homology, respectively, with GRO-alpha. Receptor-binding studies have demonstrated that GRO-alpha, -beta, and -gamma signal mainly through G protein-coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (Ahuja and Murphy). GRO-beta is expressed in epithelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes and is further induced during inflammatory, epithelialization, and angiogenic processes, for example during the wound healing process of human burn wounds (Zaja-Milatovic and Richmond). GRO-beta also stimulates mitogenesis in certain human melanoma cells (Unemori et al.).

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Mouse Recombinant SDF-1 alpha (CXCL12)

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) is a member of the CXC group of chemokines that binds to the G-protein coupled receptor, CXCR4, to regulate migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of many cell types including hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, and T cells. It is produced by bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and neuronal cells. SDF-1α was first identified as the pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor (PBSF) in the mouse bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, PA6, in the growth of B cell precursors (Hayashi et al.). SDF-1α primarily regulates cell motility during development and adulthood, including the homing of hematopoietic stem cells and neutrophils to fetal bone marrow during ontogeny (Ara et al. 2003a) and the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow during angiogenesis in adulthood (Zheng et al.). In addition to its role in hematopoiesis, the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway is also essential for the homing of primordial germ cells to gonads (Ara et al. 2003b), the migration of granule cells in the cerebellum during neurogenesis (Zou et al.), and the migration of breast cancer cells to sites of metastasis (Muller et al.).

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Candida (MP65) Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with Candida (MP65) peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. Candida peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 92 peptides from the mannoprotein MP65 of Candida albicans (yeast), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 379 on MP65. MP65 contributes to cell wall integrity and epithelia adherence (Sandini et al.), and is a potent T cell immunogen (Gomez et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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EBV (LMP1) Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with EBV (LMP1) Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. EBV (LMP1) Peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 94 peptides from latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; strain B95-8), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 386 on LMP1. LMP1 is essential for EBV-mediated growth transformation of B cells (Kaye et al.) and has been shown to downregulate toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression in infected cells, a mechanism the virus may use to escape host innate immune recognition (Fathallah et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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Human Recombinant Resistin

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Use resistin to modulate various cellular responses, such as promoting neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (Jiang et al.) and regulating anti-inflammatory signaling pathways through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (Jang et al., 2017). A member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) family, resistin is produced by adipocytes in mice, and has been implicated in insulin resistance, reducing glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in vivo (Li et al.). In humans, resistin is expressed predominantly in leukocytes, modulating inflammation in numerous diseases (Jamaluddin et al.; Jang et al., 2015; Mantula et al.). Studies also show that resistin facilitates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells, highlighting it as a promising target for chondrosarcoma angiogenesis (Chen et al.). For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, resistin from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥95% purity, and endotoxin levels are verified to be ≤1,0 EU/μg protein.

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Human Recombinant Serpin A12, His tag

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Commonly known as vaspin, Serpin A12 is an adipokine that is thought to perform insulin-sensitizing functions, such as the regulation of kallikrein 7 (KLK7), an insulin-inhibiting protease (Heiker et al.). The Serpin A12 glycoprotein belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family (serpin), and is mainly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism, but may also protect against high fat-induced bone loss (Wang et al.). Serpins share a highly conserved core structure with multiple α-helices, β-strands, and a reactive site loop (RCL) to interact with the target protease (Huntington). It is expressed predominantly in visceral adipose tissue and at significantly higher amounts in obese individuals (Kurowska et al.). This protein contains a His-residue tag at the carboxyl end of the polypeptide chain. For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, Serpin A12 from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥94% purity, and is verified by LAL analysis to ensure endotoxin levels are ≤1,0 EU/μg protein.

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Human Recombinant ANGPTL2, His Tag

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Use angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) to regulate tissue remodeling through integrin α5β signaling and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (Odagiri et al.; Tabata et al.). Highly expressed in the heart, small intestine, and stomach, ANGPTL2 is a glycosylated secretory protein that contains a coiled domain and a fibrinogen-like domain (Kim et al.). Studies have shown that the coiled-coil domain of ANGPTL2 functions as a growth factor, enhancing the survival of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo (Broxmeyer et al.). ANGPTL2 is also known to play a role in obesity and metabolic diseases, promoting local inflammation in adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance in mice models (Tabata et al.). By activating an inflammatory cascade in endothelial cells and increasing macrophage infiltration, ANGPTL2 accelerates vascular inflammation which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis progression (Horio et al.). This protein product contains a His-residue tag at the amino end of the polypeptide chain. For consistency and reproducibility across your applications, sclerostin from STEMCELL comes lyophilised with ≥92% purity, and endotoxin levels are verified to be ≤1.0 EU/μg protein.

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SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Delta/B.1.617.2 Mutation Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Delta/B.1.617.2 Mutation Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. This peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 27 peptides from the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) that selectively cover the mutated regions in the spike protein. Through interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike protein enables the virus to attach to the cell membrane, and plays a critical role in viral entry (Hoffmann et al.; Walls et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Omicron/B.1.1.529 Mutation Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Protein) Omicron/B.1.1.529 Mutation Peptide pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. A lyophilised mixture of 80 peptides of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), these peptides selectively cover the mutated regions in the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, compared to wild-type. Through interactions with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike protein enables the virus to attach to the cell membrane, and plays a critical role in viral entry (Hoffmann et al.; Walls et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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JCV (LT) Peptide Pool

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Stimulating T cells with JCV (LT) Peptide Pool releases downstream cytokines and upregulates activation markers, enabling antigen-specific T cells to be detected or isolated for analysis. This peptide pool is a lyophilised mixture of 170 peptides from large T antigen (LT) of JC polyomavirus (JCV), and consists of 15-mer peptides with 11-amino-acid overlaps that cover amino acids 1 to 688 on LT. LT is detectable during JCV latency (Rossi et al.), and in immunocompromised patients with JVC-associated pathologies such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (Delbue et al.). In PML, LT has been associated with activating the promoter of survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein (Del Valle et al.). Viral peptide pools are useful for a broad range of applications, including vaccine development, immunological research, and diagnostic assay development.

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Human Recombinant FGF-16

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Fibroblast growth factor 16 (FGF-16) is a heparin-binding member of the FGF family. FGFs possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and are expressed during embryonic development. FGFs act primarily on cells of mesodermal and neuroectodermal origin to regulate diverse physiological functions including angiogenesis, cell growth, pattern formation, embryonic development, metabolic regulation, cell migration, and tissue repair (Goldfarb; Green et al.). In vitro, FGF-16 has been shown to promote the proliferation of brown adipocytes and in rat embryos it is predominantly expressed in these cells. FGF-16 has also been shown to play a critical role in embryonic heart development and is thought to play a cardioprotective role after birth (Hotta et al.; Lu et al.; Wang et al.).