Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

rSec6 and rSec8 are rat homologs of the yeast Sec6 and Sec8 proteins that are essential for protein transport between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. In yeast, Sec8 is part of a 19.5S complex that includes Sec6 and Sec15, that also associate with the ras-like GTP binding protein Sec4. An analogous 17S complex in rat brain was found to contain rSec6 and rSec8, along with eight proteins with a combined molecular weight of 743 kDa. The membrane-associated rSec6/8 complex co-immunoprecipitates with syntaxin, providing evidence that this complex is involved in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion at the presynaptic terminal.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Postsynaptic density protein 95 kDa (PSD-95), also known as Synapse associated protein 90 kDa (SAP90), is a brain specific protein that is highly similar to the Drosophila dlg tumor suppressor protein. PSD-95 is a member of membrane associated proteins that are localized beneath the postsynaptic membrane of synapses in the CNS. PSD-95 interacts with NMDA receptor and Shaker-type K+ channels and contributes to their clustering and localization at the synaptic spines in hippocampal neurons and the pinceau terminal of cerebellar basket cells, respectively.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Fixation/Permeabilization, (buffer)

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

For the quantitative determination of PGE2 in culture supernatants from any species.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Ultrasensitive PGE2 ELISA kit for inflammation and eicosanoid research.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Produced in E.coli.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Chemiluminescent acridinium esters are commonly used to label antibodies, proteins, nucleic acids, and some peptides, and are frequently used as detection reagents in immunoassays.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

CD40 is a 45-50 kDa type I membrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. CD40 is also known as pb50 or CDW40.  CD40 is expressed primarily by professional antigen-presenting cells and it is also expressed on non-immune cell types. The CD40 expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells plays a critical role in co-stimulation and antigen-presenting cell activation in T cell-dependent immune responses. Signals generated through CD40 in B cells are anti-apoptotic. These signals are also required for T cell-dependent B cell activation and proliferation, isotype switching, up-regulation of costimulatory receptors, germinal center formation and memory generation. CD40 signal transduction is initiated by binding trimeric CD40 ligand (CD40L) which is found on the surface of activated T cells.  CD40 engages several signalling pathways in B cells and these include NF-kB, the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The 62 amino acid cytoplasmic domain (CD40c) of CD40 contains two linear TNF-receptor associated factor (TRAF) binding domains. The membrane proximal site of CD40c binds TRAF6 and the membrane distal site binds TRAF1, 2 and 3. CD40c is thought to mediate the CD40-dependant signalling pathways by recruitment of TRAF to this multimerized domain. CD40 ligation has also been shown to stimulate iNOS expression, and therefore NO production, by activating NF-kB in IFN-g treated microglial cells. NO derived from microglia has been implicated in the damage of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuronal death during Alzheimer’s disease and brain trauma. Increased CD40-CD40 ligation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as MS, arthritis and insulin-dependant diabetes.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Produced in E. coli. Human LC3-I is fused at the N-terminus to a His-tag.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that cleave after certain aspartate residues, and are primarily recognized as mediators of apoptosis. caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens that can be cleaved to form active enzymes following the induction of apoptosis by stress or death receptors. Initiator caspases (e.g. caspase-8 and -10) are activated by dimerization of the zymogen on a dedicated adaptor protein. These activated initiator caspases in-turn cleave downstream effector or executioner caspases (e.g. caspase-3, -6, and -7) in a cascade-like manner, which cleave key cellular proteins that lead to the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Agrin is an essential extracellular matrix component which promotes clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and other proteins at the neuromuscular junction during development. Agrin, MuSK, and Rapsyn are all essential components for AChR aggregation, through an unknown mechanism. The C-terminal region of agrin is released into the medium, interacts with receptors on the muscle surface and induces AChR aggregation.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Agrin is an essential extracellular matrix component which promotes clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and other proteins during development at the neuromuscular junction. Agrin, MuSK and Rapsyn are all essential components for AChR aggregation through an unknown mechanism. The C-terminal region of agrin is released into the medium, interacts with receptors on the muscle surface, and induces AChR aggregation. The central region contains two O-linked glycosylation sites and a domain homologous to domain III of laminin. The N-terminal region anchors agrin to the extracellular matrix via other basal membrane components. This region also contains a protease inhibitor domain and glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, increasing the predicted MW from 200kDa to ~600kDa. The diagram shown indicates the domain structure and functional regions of agrin, as well as domains required for AChR aggregation and alpha-dystroglycan and heparin binding.  Various agrin isoforms are generated by alternative splicing at the X, Y and Z sites, and differ in the presence or absence of small inserts. The isoforms can determine the biological activity of agrin and their expression in specific tissues and stages of development. While no difference in functional activity has been detected between splicing variants at site X, insertion of a 4 aa peptide at site Y modestly increases agrins nAChR clustering activity. Insertion of an 8 aa peptide at splicing site Z increases the clustering activity of soluble rat agrin 10,000 fold.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Agrin is an essential extracellular matrix component which promotes clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and other proteins at the neuromuscular junction during development.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The PKA Kinase activity kit is an efficient assay that utilizes little sample volume. This kit gives you the ability to an end-point or kinetic assay read-out in a convenient 96-well plate based assay and offers easy sample handling protocols. The assay also offers a high signal to background ratio.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

DNA-topoisomerase II, also known as Topo II or Top 2, is a multifunctional nuclear enzyme required during DNA replication, chromosome disjunction at mitosis, and other DNA-related activities because of its ability to alter DNA supercoiling. In mammalian cells, Topo II consists of two isozymes, Topo II-alpha (170kDa) and Topo II-beta (180kDa) and expression and localization of each isoform are distinct and stage specific during the cell cycle. Topo II-beta is expressed constitutively throughout the cell cycle, whereas the expression of Topo II-alpha is cell cycle-regulated, peaking in G2 to M phase and declining to a minimal level at the end of M phase. DNA-topoisomerase II is the target of some of the most active drugs used in chemotherapy and has been shown to have a critical role in neural development.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Only commercially available kit specifically validated and sensitive enough to quantify HSP70 (HSP72) in serum and plasma samples.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The HSP70B' EIA kit is a colorimetric immunometric enzyme immunoassay kit with results in < 4.5 hours. Absorbance is read at 450 nm. Save time, money, and precious sample with fully quantitative results and increased sensitivity compared to Western blot analysis.Only commercially available ELISA kit for ultra-sensitive HSP70B' detection in cell lysates, serum, and tissue.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Produced in E.coli.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The Rab family of GTP-binding proteins are members of the Ras superfamily of small G proteins, and participate in multiple steps of the membrane trafficking. Rab3A participates in the fusion of synaptic vesicles during neurotransmitter release, a process regulated by GDP/GDP exchange cofactors such as GAP, GDI, GRF, and rabphilin. Rab4 regulates recycling of proteins from the early endosome to the surface of many cell types, regulating glucose transporter and transferrin receptor cell surface localization. Rab5 regulates the fusion of plasma membrane-derived clathrin-coated vesicles with early endosomes and homotypic fusion among early endosomes.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

IRAK (IL-1 associated serine/threonine kinase) is a critical regulator of IL-1 induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. IL-1 stimulates the association of IRAK with the heterodimer of IL-IRI and IL-IRAcP via the adapter protein MyD88. In addition to its role in IL-1 signaling, IRAK is a component of the signal transduction pathway through which TNF-R1 activates NF-κB dependent gene expression.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

MEK is a dual specificity kinase capable of phosphorylating both tyrosine and threonine residues. The MEK family, which is also known as MAP kinase kinase, phosphorylates MAP kinases on the conserved T-X-Y motif; phosphorylation of MAPK by MEK results in an increase in MAPK activity. MEK is involved in a diverse array of cellular processes such as stress-activated response, apoptosis, cytokine-induced cell proliferation, and DNA recombination during meiosis.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Cytochrome p450 is a highly conserved and diverse family of heme-containing proteins that function in the metabolism of numerous endogenous and exogenous substrates.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The thymidine analogue BrdU (5-Bromo-2-Deoxyuridine), a derivative of uridine, can substitute for thymidine during DNA synthesis.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The 70 kDa heat shock protein Hsp70 belongs to the Hsp70 family of highly-related protein isoforms ranging in size from 66 kDa to 78 kDa. Hsc70 shares close biochemical and biological ties to Hsp70, and also belongs to the Hsp70 family. These proteins include cognate members found within major intracellular compartments and highly inducible isoforms predominantly cytoplasmic or nuclear in distribution. Members of the Hsp70 family function as molecular chaperones involved in such cellular functions as protein folding, transport, maturation and degradation, operating in an ATP-dependent manner. The molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 family recognize and bind to nascent polypeptide chains or partially folded intermediates of proteins, preventing their aggregation and misfolding, and the binding of ATP triggers a critical conformational change leading to the release of the bound substrate protein. Data demonstrates that with a ubiquitin-like domain at its amino terminus and its association with the 26S proteosome in HeLa cells, Bag-1 modulates the chaperone activity of Hsc70 and Hsp70. These findings reveal Bag-1's role as a physical link between the Hsc70/Hsp70 chaperone system and the proteasome. Experimental data also shows that the ATPase domain and the substrate-binding domain of Hsp70 (or Hsc70) cooperate to form a co-chaperone-chaperone complex with the synaptic vesicle cysteine string protein (csp), essential for normal neurotransmitter release.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

The Hsp70 family of heat shock protiens contains multiple homologs ranging in size from 66-78 kDa, and are the eukaryotic equivalents of the bacterial DnaK. The most studied Hsp70 members include the cytosolic stress-induced Hsp70 (Hsp72), the constitutive cytosolic Hsc70 (Hsp73), and the ER-localized BiP (Grp78). Hsp70 family members contain highly conserved N-terminal ATP-ase and C-terminal protein binding domains. Binding of peptide to Hsp70 is assisted by Hsp40, and stimulates the inherent ATPase activity of Hsp70, facilitating ATP hydrolysis and enhanced peptide binding. Hsp70 nucleotide exchange and substrate binding coordinates the folding of newly synthesized proteins, the re-folding of misfolded or denatured proteins, coordinates trafficking of proteins across cellular membranes, inhibits protein aggregation, and targets the degradation of proteins via the proteasomal pathway.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Produced in E. coli.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Highly potent and selective ETB-receptor antagonist.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

L(-)-Glutathione (reduced form)

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Syntaxins are type II integral membrane proteins localized to membranes that regulate vesicle transport, protein maturation, and exocytosis. Syntaxin 1A resides in the nerve terminals of sensory neurons and nerve fibers reaching small blood vessels. Syntaxin 2 localizes to the apical plasma membrane and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Syntaxin 6 is primarily localized to the trans-Golgi network, and partially co-localizes with AP-1 on clathrin-coated membranes. Syntaxin 13 is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to the tubular early and recycling endosomes, as well as endosomal vacuoles.

Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES

Glutamate receptor ligand