132590 Results for: "cell+culture+serum&pageNo=10&view=easy"

Supplier: Peprotech

GDNF is a disulfide-linked, homodimeric neurotrophic factor structurally related to Artemin, Neurturin and Persephin. These proteins belong to the cysteine-knot superfamily of growth factors that assume stable dimeric protein structures. GDNF signals through a multicomponent receptor system, composed of a RET and one of the four GFRα (α1-α4) receptors. GDNF specifically promotes dopamine uptake and survival, and morphological differentiation of midbrain neurons. Using a Parkinson’s disease mouse model, GDNF has been shown to improve conditions such as bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The functional human GDNF ligand is a disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two 15 kDa polypeptide chains called monomers. Each monomer contains seven conserved cysteine residues, including Cys-101, which is used for inter-chain disulfide bridging, and others that are involved in the intramolecular ring formation known as the cysteine knot configuration. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Human GDNF is 30.4 kDa.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and related virus require coreceptors to infect target cells. Some G protein-coupled receptors including CCR5, CXCR4, CCR3, CCR2b, CCR8, GPR15, STRL33, and CX3CR1 in the chemokine receptor family were recently identified as HIV coreceptors. CCR5, CXCR4 and CCR3 are the principal receptors for HIV fusion and entry of target cells. CCR3 facilitates infection by a subset of virus. CCR3 and CCR5 promote efficient infection of microglia, the major target cells in the CNS. High levels of CCR3 and CXCR4 expression were found on the neurons from both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The CCR3 ligand, eotaxin, and an anti-CCR3 antibody inhibited HIV infection of microglia. These results indicate CCR3 plays an important role in HIV infection of CNS.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Bap31 and the related protein Bap29 are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-vesicle membrane proteins and members of the B-cell receptor-associated protein family. These two proteins are highly homologous and can form homo- and heterodimers. Bap31 is thought to be involved in the intracellular trafficking of several molecules such as MHC Class I molecules and CD11b/CD18. Bap31 may also play a role in the initiation of ER stress-induced apoptosis through its association with caspase-8 via a death effector domain in its cytoplasmic tail, possibly through the promotion of membrane fragmentation and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Bap31 itself contains two caspase cleavage sites and is cleaved during apoptosis. The p20 fragment of Bap31, when expressed ectopically, is also a potent inducer cell death.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 80kDa-90kDa, identified as CD36. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes and macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, erythrocyte precursors, mammary epithelial cells, and some macrophage derived dendritic cells. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin (TSP), collagen types I, IV and V, P. falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes, and sickle erythrocytes. It also functions as a scavenger receptor, mediating macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recognition of apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). CD36 plays a role in platelet aggregation, macrophage foam cell development, inflammation, and the tissue ischemia observed in sickle cell disease and cerebral malaria. Note that 1-4% of Japanese and East Asia population lack CD36.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a single glycoprotein of 520kDa, identified as mucin 2 (MUC2). This mAb shows no cross-reaction with human milk fat globule membranes, MUC1, or MUC3. Its epitope has been defined as GTQTP (GlyThrGlnThrPro). Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins, which constitute the major component of the mucus layer that protects the gastric epithelium. MUC2 is specifically expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine & colon; in about 65% of colonic carcinomas and about 40% of gastric carcinomas. MUC2 is rarely expressed outside of the GI tract with the exceptions of mucinous carcinoma of breast and clear cell-type carcinomas of the ovary.

Supplier: Prosci

Expression of DOG-1/ANO1/TMEM16A protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. ANO1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GISTs, including all c-kit negative GISTs. Overexpression has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG-1/ANO1 and c-kit in GISTs is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.

Supplier: Bioss

This is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that encodes transcripts containing two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), RF1 and RF1/RF2, as well as retroviral-like slippage and pseudoknot elements, which can induce a -1 nucleotide frame-shift. ORF1 encodes a shorter isoform with a CCHC-type zinc finger motif containing a sequence characteristic of gag proteins of most retroviruses and some retrotransposons. The longer isoform is the result of -1 translational frame-shifting leading to translation of a gag/pol-like protein combining RF1 and RF2. It contains the active-site consensus sequence of the protease domain of pol proteins. Additional isoforms resulting from alternatively spliced transcript variants, as well as from use of upstream non-AUG (CUG) start codon, have been reported for this gene. Increased expression of this gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinomas. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010].

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55kDa is also detected. This mAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this mAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This mAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas.

Supplier: Prosci

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb reacts with a 200kDa protein, identified as heavy subunit of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68kDa (NF-L), 160kDa (NF-M) and 200kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament.

Supplier: Prosci

By immunohistochemistry, it specifically recognizes a protein in melanocytes and melanomas. This mAb reacts with junctional and blue nevus cells and variably with fetal and neonatal melanocytes. Intradermal nevi, normal adult melanocytes, and non-melanocytic cells are negative. It does not stain tumor cells of epithelial, lymphoid, glial, or mesenchymal origin. Metastatic amelanotic melanoma can often be confused with a variety of poorly differentiated carcinomas, large cell lymphomas, and sarcomas using H & E stains alone. It is also difficult to differentiate melanoma from spindle cell carcinomas and various types of mesenchymal neoplasms. It stains fetal and neonatal melanocytes, junctional and blue nevus cells, and malignant melanoma.

Supplier: Prosci

CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74 stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. Anti-CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (+).

Supplier: Prosci

CD74 is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. CD74 is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. CD74 antibody stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas. antibody to CD74 has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (+).

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody is specific to the kappa light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. In general, the ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 3:1. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the kappa light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant.

Supplier: Prosci

Expression of TMEM16A (DOG1) protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST’s), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. It is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for TMEM16A has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GIST’s, including all c-kit negative GIST’s. Overexpression has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFR alpha) mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of TMEM16A and c-kit in GIST’s is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The CDKN2A locus gives rise to 2 distinct transcripts from different promoters. The transcripts have been designated p16(INK4A) and p14(ARF). This chromosomal region undergoes a number of inversions, translocations, heterozygous deletions, and homozygous deletions in a variety of malignant cell lines including those from glioma, non-small cell lung cancer, leukemia, and melanoma. Deletion of the region containing CDKN2A is found in more than half of all melanoma cell lines. Conversely, transfection of CDKN2A suppressed the growth of two independent mesothelioma cell lines, suggesting that inactivation of the CDKN2 gene is an essential step in the etiology of malignant mesotheliomas. CDKN2A induces a G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Rb protein by the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. CDKN2A is expressed as at least three distinct isoforms.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Adipose tissue of an organism plays a major role in regulating physiologic and pathologic processes such as metabolism and immunity by producing and secreting a variety of bioactive molecules termed adipokines. One highly conserved family of adipokines is adiponectin/ACRP30 and its structural and functional paralogs, the C1q/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related proteins (CTRPs) 1-7. Unlike adiponectin, which is expressed exclusively by differentiated adipocytes, the CTRPs are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. These proteins are thought to act mainly on liver and muscle tissue to control glucose and lipid metabolism. An analysis of the crystal structure of adiponectin revealed a structural and evolutionary link between TNF and C1q-containing proteins, suggesting that these proteins arose from a common ancestral innate immunity gene. CTRP6 contains at least 4 glycosylation motifs, suggesting that CTRP6 may be highly post-translationally modified.

Supplier: PHC Corporation

These pharmaceutical refrigerators deliver a stable, reliable temperature control for clinical, pharmaceutical, biomedical storage and processing. Fast recovery following door openings assures safe storage during times of frequent access and high ambient conditions and to remove heat loads generated by powered instruments.

Supplier: GFG INSTRUMENTATION, INC.

The G460 is a rugged, compact instrument for detection of up to six gases. The concussion proof housing, along with the dust and water resistant housing protects the instrument in the harshest environments. It features completely automatic calibration, one-button operation, top mounted display and interchangeable battery packs for up to 24 hours of operation. The rechargeable battery pack can even be equipped with optional 'flash light' LEDs.

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Arachidonic Acid is an essential fatty acid. Occurs in liver, brain, glandular organs, and depot fats of animals, in small amounts in human depot fats, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides.
Arachidonic Acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid plays a key role in cellular regulation and is controlled through multiple interconnected pathways.
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an unsaturated ω6 fatty acid constituent of the phospholipids of cell membranes. Phospholipase A2 releases AA from the membrane phospholipids in response to inflammation. AA is subsequently metabolized to prostaglandins and thromboxanes by at least two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, to leukotrienes and lipoxins by lipoxygenases, and to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids via cytochrome p450-catalyzed metabolism. AA and its metabolites play important roles in a variety of biological processes, including signal transduction, smooth muscle contraction, chemotaxis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and apoptosis. AA has been demonstrated to bind to the a subunit of G protein and inhibit the activity of Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Cellular uptake of AA is energy dependent and involves protein-facilitated transport across the plasma membrane.
If ethanol is undesirable, arachidonic acid may be dissolved in acetonitrile, DMF, or DMSO. Simply evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen (be certain not to evaporate the material to dryness) and redissolve the arachidonic acid in the solvent of choice.Just prior to use, make dilutions of the stock solution into aqueous buffer or isotonic saline to bring the arachidonic acid to the desired concentration. Ensure that the residual amount of organic solvent is insignificant, since organic solvents may have physiologic effects at low concentrations. A control using the solvent in the absence of the prostaglandin will address this potential variable. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. It is difficult to obtain aqueous solutions of arachidonic acid directly. However, an organic solvent free solution of arachidonic acid can be prepared using concentrated basic buffers (pH > 8.0 and ionic strength not less than 0.1 M). Add 400 μL of cold buffer (0 °C) per mg of arachidonic acid and agitate vigorously and/or ultrasonicate.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at Room Temperature (15-30 °C). Protect from light.
Folic acid, also known as folate, is a B vitamin that can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. It can also be chemically synthesized. Folate, a watersoluble vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells and aids in the formation of genetic material within every body cell. Folic Acid is a hematopoietic vitamin present, free or combined with one or more additional molecules of L- (+)-glutamic acid, in liver, kidney, mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses.
A nutritional delivery form of folate. Folic acid and its derivatives are essential mediators of one-carbon metabolism within cells.

Supplier: Adipogen

Inhibitor of pan-Trk activity (IC(50) = 8 and 12nM for TrkA and TrkB). Shown to target Trk (tropomyosin receptor kinase) ATP binding cleft and an immediately adjacent hydrophobic pocket. Preferentially arrests the proliferation of Ba/F3 cells fused with Tel-TrkA, Tel-TrkB and Tel-TrkC (IC(50) = 11, 9 and 7nM, respectively) and in Ba/F3 and RIE cells expressing both TrkA and NGF (IC(50) = 42 and 17nM, respectively) over Mo7e-c-Kit and Rat-A10-PDGFR (IC(50) = 1 and 0.5µM) and Ba/F3-Tel-KDR and wt-Ba/F3 cells (IC(50) = 3.0 and 5.6µM). Displays ~100-fold greater selectivity among a panel of 59 closely related kinases and in 33 cellular kinase assays. Weakly active against relevant cytochrome P450 isozymes and hERG channel, and exhibit adequate microsomal stability, pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy in mice and rats. Suppresses tumor growth in a mouse RIE-TrkAmNGF xenograft model (50mg/kg, p.o.).

Supplier: Adipogen

Tozasertib, or VX-680, is a potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora kinases, particularly Aurora A and B. In vitro, VX-680 blocks cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in a wide range of human tumor types at low IC(50) values (i.e. 3.38nM for human BE-13 cells, and 14.34nM for NTERA cells). Moreover, VX680, also has very potent Ki values, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 0.6, 18, and 46nM for Aurora A, B, and C, respectively. VX-680 is also effective in vivo, being used in a Caki-1 xenograft model, VX-680 demonstrated a 75.7% (P < 0.001) decrease in Caki-1 xeno-graft tumor volume with no apparent alternation in animal body weight, peripheral blood counts, or other biological parameters.

Supplier: Adipogen

IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), IL-36beta (IL-1F8) and IL-36gamma (IL-1F9) bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1 and are inhibited by IL-36Ra. The expression of IL-36 cytokines has been shown to occur at different sites including the lung and skin and can be derived from diverse cell types including keratinocytes, bronchial epithelium as well as macrophages, monocytes and different T cell subsets. IL-36 family members induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-23 in BMDC and CD4 T cells. Skin and dendritic cells are targets of the IL-36 interleukins leading to a Th1 response. These cytokines may represent potential targets for immune-mediated inflammatory conditions or, alternatively, could be used as adjuvants in vaccination. Recently a novel role for IL-36alpha in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation has been reported.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3.9 antibody reacts with human CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Prosci

FZD10 is a member of the frizzled family. Members of this family are 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the Wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. Using array analysis, expression of this intronless gene is significantly up-regulated in two cases of primary colon cancer.This gene is a member of the frizzled gene family. Members of this family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for the Wingless type MMTV integration site family of signaling proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway. Using array analysis, expression of this intronless gene is significantly up-regulated in two cases of primary colon cancer.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3.9 antibody reacts with human CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Prosci

YWHAQ belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence which is polymorphic, however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease.