132134 Results for: "cell+culture+serum&pageNo=10&view=easy"

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Apoptosis plays a major role in normal organism development, tissue homeostasis, and removal of damaged cells. Disruption of this process has been implicated in a variety of diseases such as cancer. Members of the Bcl-2 family are known to be critical regulators of this process. These proteins are characterized by the presence of several conserved motifs termed Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains. A novel, widely expressed member termed Bcl-rambo was recently identified. This protein is localized to mitochondria in mammalian cells and its overexpression induces apoptosis which could be blocked by co-expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. Bcl-rambo shows overall homology to the anti-apoptotic members containing BH motifs, but unlike Bcl-2, the C-terminal membrane anchor of Bcl-rambo is preceded by a unique 250 amino acid insertion. This region by itself can induce apoptosis more efficiently than the Bcl-2 homology regions, suggesting that Bcl-rambo may be important other pro-apoptotic pathways.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Acetyl-CoA is produced via beta-oxidation of fatty acids, via the metabolism of carbohydrates - glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and via the catabolism of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA has a number of metabolic opportunities. It is metabolized in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Supplier: Prosci

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) are enzymes that regulate transcription by selectively deacetylating or acetylating the eta-amino groups of lysines located near the amino termini of core histone proteins. Eight members of HDAC family have been identified in the past several years. These HDAC family members are divided into two classes, I and II. Class I of the HDAC family comprises four members, HDAC-1, 2, 3, and 8, each of which contains a deacetylase domain exhibiting from 45 to 93% identity in amino acid sequence. Class II of the HDAC family comprises HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7, the molecular weights of which are all about twofold larger than those of the class I members, and the deacetylase domains are present within the C-terminal regions, except that HDAC-6 contains two copies of the domain, one within each of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Human HDAC-1, 2 and 3 were expressed in various tissues, but the others (HDAC-4, 5, 6, and 7) showed tissue-specific expression patterns. These results suggested that each member of the HDAC family exhibits a different, individual substrate specificity and function in vivo.

Supplier: Prosci

The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) plays an essential role in memory, neuronal development and it has also been implicated in several disorders of the central nervous system including Alzheimer’s, epilepsy and ischemic neuronal cell death (Grosshans et al., 2002; Wenthold et al., 2003; Carroll and Zukin, 2002). The rat NMDAR1 (NR1) was the first subunit of the NMDAR to be cloned. The NR1 protein can form NMDA activated channels when expressed in Xenopus oocytes but the currents in such channels are much smaller than those seen in situ. Channels with more physiological characteristics are produced when the NR1 subunit is combined with one or more of the NMDAR2 (NR2 A-D) subunits (Ishii et al., 1993). It has been shown that phosphorylation of Ser1480 disrupts the interaction of NR2B with the PDZ domains of PSD-95 and SAP102 and decreases surface NR2B expression in neurons (Chung et al., 2004).

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes a protein of 40kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor 1. TTF1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. antibody to TTF1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. The antibody can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates. Loss of expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.

Supplier: Prosci

At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. CD1a antibody labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibody against TTF-1 and CD5, CD1a antibody is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. antibody to CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Supplier: Prosci

Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. In cancer cells, may play an important role in invadopodia formation. Also involved in lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and post-translational modification events. Receptor for LGALS9; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity). [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes Golgi complex in human cells. It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. It recognizes an antigen associated with the Golgi complex in human cells only. It can be used to stain the Golgi complex in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a Golgi marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a diffuse staining pattern of the Golgi zone in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain Golgi complex of cells in frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations. This mAb is an excellent marker for human cells in xenographic model research. It reacts specifically with human cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that also includes MyoD, Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a key role in activating myogenesis by binding to enhancer sequences of muscle-specific genes. The regulatory domain of MyoD is approximately 70 amino acids in length and includes both a basic DNA binding motif and a bHLH dimerization motif. MyoD family members share about 80% amino acid homology in their bHLH motifs. Myogenin antibody labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissue, and is expressed in tumor cell nuclei of rhabdomyosarcoma and some leiomyosarcomas. Positive nuclear staining may occur in Wilms’ tumor.

Supplier: Prosci

Clone MTC02 antibody recognizes a unique 60kDa antigen that is present only on mitochondria in human cells. It is a part of a panel of reagents which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This antibody recognizes an antigen associated with the mitochondria specific to human cells alone. MTC02 mAb can be used to stain the mitochondria in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a marker in subcellular fractions. The antibody produces a spaghetti-like pattern in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain mitochondria of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations. MTC02 antibody is an excellent marker for human cells in xenographic model research. It reacts specifically with human cells, including neurons and embryonic stem cells.

Supplier: Cell Systems

Our suite of specialized media provides our customers with a diverse set of tools to enhance research through consistent and stable environments for cell cultures. Cell Systems media may be used with all primary, immortalized, and established cell lines.

Supplier: Eppendorf

Eppendorf epT.I.P.S.® 384 Reloads provide high-precision micropipette tips in 'Eppendorf Quality' and 'PCR clean' grades, tailored for 384-well plate applications, ensuring accuracy, reduced waste, and compatibility in high-throughput labs. The epT.I.P.S.® 384 pipette tips build a system together with the Research® plus and Xplorer® plus 16- and 24-channel pipettes, as well as 20 and 100 µl Move It® adjustable tip spacing pipettes for the utmost safety and reliability.

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined.

Supplier: Prosci

Some high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMG1) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. All HMG box proteins are able to induce a sharp bend in DNA. TOX contains a single HMG box motif.Some high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1; MIM 153245) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMG1; MIM 163905) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. All HMG box proteins are able to induce a sharp bend in DNA. TOX contains a single HMG box motif.

Supplier: Prosci

The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and are components of multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. The tetraspanin CD63 is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein that translocates to the plasma membrane after platelet activation. CD63 is expressed on activated platelets, monocytes and macrophages, and is weakly expressed on granulocytes, T cell and B cells. It is located on the basophilic granule membranes and on the plasma membranes of lymphocytes and granulocytes. CD63 is a member of the TM4 superfamily of leukocyte glycoproteins that includes CD9, CD37 and CD53, which contain four transmembrane regions. CD63 may play a role in phagocytic and intracellular lysosome-phagosome fusion events. CD63 deficiency is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and is strongly expressed during the early stages of melanoma progression.

Supplier: Prosci

The antibody recognizes a single chain glycoprotein of 105/120kDa, identified as CD30/Ki-1. CD30 is synthesized as a 90kDa precursor, which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120kDa glycoprotein. In Hodgkin’s disease, CD30 antigen is expressed by mononuclear-Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. It is also expressed by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas as well as by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. This antibody distinguishes large cell lymphomas derived from activated lymphoid cells from histiocytic malignancies and lymphomas derived from resting and precursor lymphoid cells or from anaplastic carcinomas. About one third of the CD30 positive lymphomas lack the leukocyte common antigen (CD45).

Supplier: Prosci

PECAM-1, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, also called CD31, is made up of six extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain containing serine and tyrosine residues that when phosphorylated, activate the molecules signaling function. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, bone marrow macrophage and dendritic cells precursors, and at the intracellular junction of endothelial cells. PECAM-1, on the endothelial lining of blood vessels, helps maintain the vascular barrier. In response to inflammatory mediators, the endothelial pull away from each other allowing fluid, inflammatory cells and proteins into the extravascular space. The inflammatory response fades as adhesion of neighboring cells increase. PECAM-1 also plays an important role in angiogenesis, promoting endothelial cell motility, junctional development and capillary morphogenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

FOXA1 is a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin as a pioneer factor. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver.

FOXA1 in breast cancer is highly correlated with ERalpha+, GATA3+, and PR+ protein expression as well as endocrine signaling. FOXA1 acts as a pioneer factor for ERa in ERalpha+ breast cancer, and its expression might identify ERalpha+ cancers that undergo rapid reprogramming of ERa signaling that is associated with poor outcomes and treatment resistance. Conversely, in ERalpha− breast cancer FOXA1 is highly correlated with low-grade morphology and improved disease free survival. FOXA1 is a downstream target of GATA3 in the mammary gland. Expression in ERalpha− cancers may identify a subset of tumors that is responsive to other endocrine therapies such as androgen receptor antagonist treatment. [Wiki]

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with a protein of 22kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). HCG-beta antibody detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate antibody positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively; 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. HCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This mAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Prosci

Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular ('ring-like, perinuclear') from ductal ('peripheral-predominant') carcinoma of the breast.

Supplier: Prosci

CD63 functions as cell surface receptor for TIMP1 and plays a role in the activation of cellular signaling cascades. Plays a role in the activation of ITGB1 and integrin signaling, leading to the activation of AKT, FAK/PTK2 and MAP kinases. Promotes cell survival, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, spreading and migration, via its role in the activation of AKT and FAK/PTK2. Plays a role in VEGFA signaling via its role in regulating the internalization of KDR/VEGFR2. Plays a role in intracellular vesicular transport processes, and is required for normal trafficking of the PMEL luminal domain that is essential for the development and maturation of melanocytes. Plays a role in the adhesion of leukocytes onto endothelial cells via its role in the regulation of SELP trafficking. May play a role in mast cell degranulation in response to Ms4a2/FceRI stimulation, but not in mast cell degranulation in response to other stimuli. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

LEFTY2 is a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The protein is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in its gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of its gene in the endometrium.This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The encoded protein is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of this gene in the endometrium. Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene.

Supplier: Genetex

Animal models of human aging which display the characteristic diseases associated with aging provide insight into the cause of such diseases. Recently a transgenic mouse model, called Klotho, with several premature aging phenotypes has been described. They display premature aging phenotypes such as Osteoporosis, age related skin changes, ectopic calcifications, atrophy of genital organs and thymus, emphysema and short life span. KL protein associated with the Klotho mutation is a 1014 amino acid long peptide. It has a putative signal sequence at its N-terminus and a single transmembrane domain near its C-terminus, which is postulated to anchor it to the membrane. kl gene expression was observed to be tissue specific. Improvement of systemic aging phenotypes in kl/kl mice occurs even when the exogenous expression was limited to some organs, suggesting that KL associated aging is regulated through a humoral signaling pathway. KL has been reported to be localized on the cell surface when expressed on Cho cells. Human kl cDNA is expected to encode a protein of 1012 amino acids.

Supplier: Prosci

Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes and ammonia in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. The protein contains several conserved motifs including the active site of amine oxidases and the histidine residues that likely bind copper. It may be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina, possibly by degrading the biogenic amines dopamine, histamine, and putrescine.Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes and ammonia in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. This gene shows high sequence similarity to copper amine oxidases from various species ranging from bacteria to mammals. The protein contains several conserved motifs including the active site of amine oxidases and the histidine residues that likely bind copper. It may be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina, possibly by degrading the biogenic amines dopamine, histamine, and putrescine. This gene may be a candidate gene for hereditary ocular diseases. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The O323 antibody reacts with human CD27 (TNFRSF7), a cell surface homodimer of 55 kDa subunits, which provides co-stimulatory signaling in support of the T cell (TCR) and B cell (BCR) receptors. By comparison with CD28, whose TCR co-stimulatory signal can trigger cell proliferation, CD27 signaling appears to promote cell survival and differentiation to effector / memory stages. Also in contrast with CD28, the CD27 receptor may be shed following interaction with its ligand CD70, which is typically expressed on activated dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. With respect to B cells, CD27 is considered to be a phenotypic marker for memory B cells. CD27 has been included within a group of phenotypic markers for identifying human B regulatory cells (Bregs), a cell type proposed to regulate CD4+ T cell proliferation and Foxp3 / CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells.

Supplier: Peprotech

EGF-L7 (Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7, Multiple EGF-like domains protein 7, VE-statin) is a multi-domain protein containing two EGF-like domains and one EMI domain. It is expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells and functions to promote normal development of the vascular system, particularly tubulogenesis. EGF-L7 is capable of antagonistic binding to Notch receptors, resulting in the inhibition of Notch signaling in HUVEC and neural stem cells. In research models inducing hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation (H/R), EGF-L7 can inhibit ICAM-1 expression and enhance the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Additionally, EGF-L7 can chemoattract endothelial cells and bind to the extracellular matrix. The overexpression of EGF-L7 is observed in various cancers, and is generally correlated with increased metastasis and a poor prognosis. Recombinant Human EGF-L7 is a 27.4 kDa protein containing 251 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Peprotech

PDGFs are disulfide-linked dimers consisting of two 12.0-13.5 kDa polypeptide chains, designated PDGF-A and PDGF-B chains. The three naturally occurring PDGFs, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and some blood cells. The PDGFs are stored in platelet α-granules, and are released upon platelet activation. The PDGFs are involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. Two distinct signaling receptors used by PDGFs have been identified and named PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. PDGFR-α is a high-affinity receptor for each of the three PDGF forms. On the other hand, PDGFR-β interacts with only PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB. Recombinant Human PDGF-BB is a 24.3 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two β chains (218 total amino acids).

Supplier: Peprotech

PDGFs are disulfide-linked dimers consisting of two 12.0-13.5 kDa polypeptide chains, designated PDGF-A and PDGF-B chains. The three naturally occurring PDGFs, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and some blood cells. The PDGFs are stored in platelet α-granules, and are released upon platelet activation. The PDGFs are involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. Two distinct signaling receptors used by PDGFs have been identified and named PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. PDGFR-α is high-affinity receptor for each of the three PDGF forms. On the other hand, PDGFR-β interacts with only PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB. Recombinant Human PDGF-AA is a 28.5 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two α chains (250 total amino acids).