132134 Results for: "cell+culture+serum&pageNo=10&view=easy"

Supplier: Adipogen

GSK2126458 is an orally available selective inhibitor of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymesand MTOR1/2 complexes. GSK2126458 can inhibit PI3K-alpha (p85alpha/p110alpha) with IC(50) of 0.04nM. GSK2126458 has Ki values in the picomolar range for each of the class I PI3K isoforms and MTOR1/2 complexes. GSK2126458 has potent in vitro and in vivo growth-inhibitory effects on cancer cells. In comparison with other clinical PI3K inhibitors, GSK2126458 is around 100-fold more potent than BEZ235 (6nM). GSK2126458 also a low picomolar inhibitor of the common activating mutants of p110R ( E542K, E545K, and H1047R ) with Ki of 0.008nM, 0.008nM and 0.009nM in human cancer. In mechanistic cellular assays, GSK2126458 caused a significant reduction in the levels of pAKT-S473 with remarkable potency. Consistent with its activity against both PI3K R and mTOR, GSK2126458 also inhibits phosphorylation of AKT-T308 and p70S6K at low nanomolar concentrations. GSK2126458 induces a G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation in a large panel of cell lines, including T47D and BT474 breast cancer lines.

Supplier: Cell Systems

Our suite of specialized media provides our customers with a diverse set of tools to enhance research through consistent and stable environments for cell cultures. Cell Systems media may be used with all primary, immortalized, and established cell lines.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 60kDa protein, identified as the heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60). Its epitope is localized between amino acids 383-447 of human Hsp60. A wide variety of environmental and pathophysiological stressful conditions trigger the synthesis of a family of proteins known as heat shock proteins (hsps), more appropriately called as stress response proteins (srps). Hsp60 is a potential antigen in a number of autoimmune diseases. In human arthritis and in experimentally induced arthritis in animals, disease development coincides with the development of immune reactivity directed against not only bacterial Hsp60, but also against its mammalian homolog.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 12kDa, identified as beta-2 microglobulin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules bind to antigens for presentation on the surface of cells. The proteasome is responsible for producing these antigens from the components of foreign pathogens. MHC class 1 molecules consist of an alpha heavy chain that contains three subdomains (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3) and a non-covalent associating light chain, known as beta-2-Microglobulin. Beta-2-Microglobulin associates with the alpha3 subdomain of the alpha heavy chain and forms an immunoglobulin domain-like structure that mediates proper folding and expression of MHC class 1 molecules. The alpha1 and alpha2 domains of the alpha heavy chain form the peptide antigen-binding cleft. Mutations in the beta-2-Microglobulin gene can enhance the progression of malignant melanoma phenotypes.

Supplier: Prosci

Cytokeratin-7 (CK7) is a member of the keratin gene family. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. CK7 is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts and blood vessels. It is found in simple glandular epithelia, and in transitional epithelium. Epithelial cells of the lung and breast both contain CK7, but some other glandular epithelia, such as those of the colon and prostate, do not. Because the protein is found in both healthy and neoplastic cells, antibodies to CK7 can be used in immunohistochemistry to distinguish ovarian and transitional cell carcinomas from colonic and prostate cancers, respectively. It is commonly used together with CK20 when making such diagnoses. [Wiki]

Supplier: Prosci

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways. Acts as a loading platform to recruit DDR proteins that allow completion of DNA replication after damage and promote postreplication repair: Monoubiquitinated PCNA leads to recruitment of translesion (TLS) polymerases, while 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of PCNA is involved in error-free pathway and employs recombination mechanisms to synthesize across the lesion. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb is specific to SUMO-1 and shows no cross-reaction with either SUMO2 or SUMO3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized is precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO1 protein localizes to the nuclear membrane.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 110kDa, which is identified as CD68. antibody to CD68 is important for identifying macrophages in tissue sections. It stains macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues, including Kupffer cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lamina propria of the gut, in lung alveoli, and in bone marrow. CD68 antibody reacts with myeloid precursors and peripheral blood granulocytes. It also reacts with plasmacytoid T cells, which are supposed to be of monocyte/macrophage origin. CD68 shows strong granular cytoplasmic staining of chronic and acute myeloid leukemia and also reacts with rare cases of true histiocytic neoplasia. Lymphomas are negative or show few granules.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody is specific to SUMO1 and shows no cross-reaction with either SUMO2 or SUMO3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO1, 2 and 3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO1 protein localizes to the nuclear membrane.

Supplier: Eppendorf

Eppendorf epT.I.P.S.® 384 Reloads provide high-precision micropipette tips in 'Eppendorf Quality' and 'PCR clean' grades, tailored for 384-well plate applications, ensuring accuracy, reduced waste, and compatibility in high-throughput labs. The epT.I.P.S.® 384 pipette tips build a system together with the Research® plus and Xplorer® plus 16- and 24-channel pipettes, as well as 20 and 100 µl Move It® adjustable tip spacing pipettes for the utmost safety and reliability.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Bilirubin is the principal pigment of bile and constituent of many biliary calculi and also found in blood. As the major end-product of the biological breakdown of heme, bilirubin is the chromophore responsible for coloration in various forms of jaundice.
Bilirubin is suitable for use in the preparation of standard stock solutions of bilirubin for color density comparison in the determination of serum bilirubin.
It appears to function as an antioxidant and efficient peroxyl radical scavenger, protecting membrane lipids from oxidation by these radicals. At nanomolar concentrations it has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative damage.
Bilirubin is produced from Ox-gall which is sterilized before extraction with high pressure vapour at 120 °C. Then the bilirubin is extracted in a continuous extraction process with chloroform as a crude product. Recrystallization and purification is with ethanol and chloroform.
-20°C. Protect from light.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Storage: Store at -20 °C. Store Desiccated. Store Under Nitrogen. Protect from light.
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside, commonly known as X−Gal, is a histochemical substrate for β−galactosidase.
5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside is used as indigogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, for detection of β-galactosidase-positive clones, and the identification of lac and bacterial colonies or phage plaques. It is the substrate of choice for blue-white selection of recombinant bacterial colonies with the lac+ genotype. X−Gal is cleaved by β−galactosidase to yield an insoluble blue precipitate. X−Gal is particularly useful in molecular biology applications to detect the activity of β−galactosidase which is frequently used as a reporter gene. In cloning, X−Gal is used to detect insertion of foreign DNA into the lacZ region of plasmid DNA using α-complementation which is based on vectors such as the pUC and the M13mp series that carry a fragment of the β-galactosidase gene encoding an α-fragment of β-galactosidase.

Supplier: Labconco

Designed for research, educational, and clinical applications requiring small working space and efficient fume removal. Fire- and chemical-resistant, one-piece molded fiberglass interior and pre-set baffle have a flame-spread index less than 25 per ASTM E-84. All models feature a pivoting airfoil that promotes airflow.

Supplier: Peprotech

PDGFs are disulfide-linked dimers consisting of two 12.0-13.5 kDa polypeptide chains, designated PDGF-A and PDGF-B chains. The three naturally occurring PDGFs, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, are potent mitogens for a variety of cell types, including smooth muscle cells, connective tissue cells, bone and cartilage cells, and some blood cells. The PDGFs are stored in platelet α-granules, and are released upon platelet activation. The PDGFs are involved in a number of biological processes, including hyperplasia, chemotaxis, embryonic neuron development, and respiratory tubule epithelial cell development. Two distinct signaling receptors used by PDGFs have been identified and named PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β. PDGFR-α is high-affinity receptor for each of the three PDGF forms. On the other hand, PDGFR-β interacts with only PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB. Recombinant Human PDGF-AA is a 28.5 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer of two α chains (250 total amino acids).

Supplier: Peprotech

The three mammalian isoforms of TGF-β, TGF-β1, β2, and β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility, as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound healing. They are secreted predominantly as latent complexes, which are stored at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. The release of the biologically active TGF-β isoform from a latent complex involves proteolytic processing of the complex and /or induction of conformational changes by proteins such as thrombospondin-1. TGF-β1 is the most abundant isoform secreted by almost every cell type. It was originally identified for its ability to induce phenotypic transformation of fibroblasts, and recently it has been implicated in the formation of skin tumors. Recombinant Human TGF-β1 is a 25.0 kDa protein composed of two identical 112 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond.

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the protocadherin alpha gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five that demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The alpha gene cluster is composed of 15 cadherin superfamily genes related to the mouse CNR genes and consists of 13 highly similar and 2 more distantly related coding sequences. The tandem array of 15 N-terminal exons, or variable exons, are followed by downstream C-terminal exons, or constant exons, which are shared by all genes in the cluster. The large, uninterrupted N-terminal exons each encode six cadherin ectodomains while the C-terminal exons encode the cytoplasmic domain. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins that most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell connections in the brain. Alternative splicing has been observed and additional variants have been suggested but their full-length nature has yet to be determined.

Supplier: Prosci

Some high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMG1) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. All HMG box proteins are able to induce a sharp bend in DNA. TOX contains a single HMG box motif.Some high-mobility group (HMG) box proteins (e.g., LEF1; MIM 153245) contain a single HMG box motif and bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner, while other members of this family (e.g., HMG1; MIM 163905) have multiple HMG boxes and bind DNA in a sequence-independent but structure-dependent manner. All HMG box proteins are able to induce a sharp bend in DNA. TOX contains a single HMG box motif.

Supplier: Prosci

The tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and are components of multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. The tetraspanin CD63 is a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein that translocates to the plasma membrane after platelet activation. CD63 is expressed on activated platelets, monocytes and macrophages, and is weakly expressed on granulocytes, T cell and B cells. It is located on the basophilic granule membranes and on the plasma membranes of lymphocytes and granulocytes. CD63 is a member of the TM4 superfamily of leukocyte glycoproteins that includes CD9, CD37 and CD53, which contain four transmembrane regions. CD63 may play a role in phagocytic and intracellular lysosome-phagosome fusion events. CD63 deficiency is associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and is strongly expressed during the early stages of melanoma progression.

Supplier: Prosci

The antibody recognizes a single chain glycoprotein of 105/120kDa, identified as CD30/Ki-1. CD30 is synthesized as a 90kDa precursor, which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120kDa glycoprotein. In Hodgkin’s disease, CD30 antigen is expressed by mononuclear-Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. It is also expressed by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas as well as by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. This antibody distinguishes large cell lymphomas derived from activated lymphoid cells from histiocytic malignancies and lymphomas derived from resting and precursor lymphoid cells or from anaplastic carcinomas. About one third of the CD30 positive lymphomas lack the leukocyte common antigen (CD45).

Supplier: Prosci

PECAM-1, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, also called CD31, is made up of six extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain containing serine and tyrosine residues that when phosphorylated, activate the molecules signaling function. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, bone marrow macrophage and dendritic cells precursors, and at the intracellular junction of endothelial cells. PECAM-1, on the endothelial lining of blood vessels, helps maintain the vascular barrier. In response to inflammatory mediators, the endothelial pull away from each other allowing fluid, inflammatory cells and proteins into the extravascular space. The inflammatory response fades as adhesion of neighboring cells increase. PECAM-1 also plays an important role in angiogenesis, promoting endothelial cell motility, junctional development and capillary morphogenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

FOXA1 is a member of the forkhead class of DNA-binding proteins. These hepatocyte nuclear factors are transcriptional activators for liver-specific transcripts such as albumin and transthyretin, and they also interact with chromatin as a pioneer factor. Similar family members in mice have roles in the regulation of metabolism and in the differentiation of the pancreas and liver.

FOXA1 in breast cancer is highly correlated with ERalpha+, GATA3+, and PR+ protein expression as well as endocrine signaling. FOXA1 acts as a pioneer factor for ERa in ERalpha+ breast cancer, and its expression might identify ERalpha+ cancers that undergo rapid reprogramming of ERa signaling that is associated with poor outcomes and treatment resistance. Conversely, in ERalpha− breast cancer FOXA1 is highly correlated with low-grade morphology and improved disease free survival. FOXA1 is a downstream target of GATA3 in the mammary gland. Expression in ERalpha− cancers may identify a subset of tumors that is responsive to other endocrine therapies such as androgen receptor antagonist treatment. [Wiki]

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody reacts with a protein of 22kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). HCG-beta antibody detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate antibody positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively; 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. HCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This mAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Prosci

Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular ('ring-like, perinuclear') from ductal ('peripheral-predominant') carcinoma of the breast.

Supplier: Prosci

CD63 functions as cell surface receptor for TIMP1 and plays a role in the activation of cellular signaling cascades. Plays a role in the activation of ITGB1 and integrin signaling, leading to the activation of AKT, FAK/PTK2 and MAP kinases. Promotes cell survival, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, spreading and migration, via its role in the activation of AKT and FAK/PTK2. Plays a role in VEGFA signaling via its role in regulating the internalization of KDR/VEGFR2. Plays a role in intracellular vesicular transport processes, and is required for normal trafficking of the PMEL luminal domain that is essential for the development and maturation of melanocytes. Plays a role in the adhesion of leukocytes onto endothelial cells via its role in the regulation of SELP trafficking. May play a role in mast cell degranulation in response to Ms4a2/FceRI stimulation, but not in mast cell degranulation in response to other stimuli. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

LEFTY2 is a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The protein is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in its gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of its gene in the endometrium.This gene encodes a member of the TGF-beta family of proteins. The encoded protein is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. The protein may also play a role in endometrial bleeding. Mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs. Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of this gene in the endometrium. Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The O323 antibody reacts with human CD27 (TNFRSF7), a cell surface homodimer of 55 kDa subunits, which provides co-stimulatory signaling in support of the T cell (TCR) and B cell (BCR) receptors. By comparison with CD28, whose TCR co-stimulatory signal can trigger cell proliferation, CD27 signaling appears to promote cell survival and differentiation to effector / memory stages. Also in contrast with CD28, the CD27 receptor may be shed following interaction with its ligand CD70, which is typically expressed on activated dendritic cells, T cells and B cells. With respect to B cells, CD27 is considered to be a phenotypic marker for memory B cells. CD27 has been included within a group of phenotypic markers for identifying human B regulatory cells (Bregs), a cell type proposed to regulate CD4+ T cell proliferation and Foxp3 / CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes and ammonia in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. The protein contains several conserved motifs including the active site of amine oxidases and the histidine residues that likely bind copper. It may be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina, possibly by degrading the biogenic amines dopamine, histamine, and putrescine.Copper amine oxidases catalyze the oxidative conversion of amines to aldehydes and ammonia in the presence of copper and quinone cofactor. This gene shows high sequence similarity to copper amine oxidases from various species ranging from bacteria to mammals. The protein contains several conserved motifs including the active site of amine oxidases and the histidine residues that likely bind copper. It may be a critical modulator of signal transmission in retina, possibly by degrading the biogenic amines dopamine, histamine, and putrescine. This gene may be a candidate gene for hereditary ocular diseases. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Supplier: Genetex

Animal models of human aging which display the characteristic diseases associated with aging provide insight into the cause of such diseases. Recently a transgenic mouse model, called Klotho, with several premature aging phenotypes has been described. They display premature aging phenotypes such as Osteoporosis, age related skin changes, ectopic calcifications, atrophy of genital organs and thymus, emphysema and short life span. KL protein associated with the Klotho mutation is a 1014 amino acid long peptide. It has a putative signal sequence at its N-terminus and a single transmembrane domain near its C-terminus, which is postulated to anchor it to the membrane. kl gene expression was observed to be tissue specific. Improvement of systemic aging phenotypes in kl/kl mice occurs even when the exogenous expression was limited to some organs, suggesting that KL associated aging is regulated through a humoral signaling pathway. KL has been reported to be localized on the cell surface when expressed on Cho cells. Human kl cDNA is expected to encode a protein of 1012 amino acids.

Supplier: Peprotech

EGF-L7 (Epidermal growth factor-like protein 7, Multiple EGF-like domains protein 7, VE-statin) is a multi-domain protein containing two EGF-like domains and one EMI domain. It is expressed almost exclusively in endothelial cells and functions to promote normal development of the vascular system, particularly tubulogenesis. EGF-L7 is capable of antagonistic binding to Notch receptors, resulting in the inhibition of Notch signaling in HUVEC and neural stem cells. In research models inducing hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation (H/R), EGF-L7 can inhibit ICAM-1 expression and enhance the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Additionally, EGF-L7 can chemoattract endothelial cells and bind to the extracellular matrix. The overexpression of EGF-L7 is observed in various cancers, and is generally correlated with increased metastasis and a poor prognosis. Recombinant Human EGF-L7 is a 27.4 kDa protein containing 251 amino acid residues.