"Test Lead"

Supplier: Genetex

Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). A second ligand, the heditary hemochromatosis protein HFE, competes for binding with transferrin for an overlapping C-terminal binding site.

Supplier: Prosci

Alpha-Synuclein (SNCA) is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. It is a cytoplasmic protein that is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system. SNCA reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to the decreased caspase-3 activation. SNCA may be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport and induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Defects in SNCA are associated with familial Parkinson’s disease.

Supplier: Prosci

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Genetex

Insulin is one of the major regulatory hormones of intermediate metabolism throughout the body. The biological actions of this hormone involve integration of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Insulin enhances membrane transport of glucose, amino acids, and certain ions. It also promotes glycogen storage,formation of triglycerides and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Immunocytochemical investigations have localized insulin in the B or b-cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Insulin is also present in tumors of b-cell origin such as insulinoma.

Supplier: Genetex

Platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 170-185 kDa which undergoes homo or heterodimerization into complexes of alpha and beta subunits upon ligand binding, depending on the isoform of PDGF (PDGF AA, BB or AB) that binds. The phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the now activated receptor can control multiple signaling events such as actin reorganization, transcription, cell growth, migration and differentiation, and also lead to activation of the Ras, Raf and ERK 1 and 2 pathway.

Supplier: Genetex

TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila toll protein. The human TLR4 is a type-1 transmembrane protein containing 799 amino acid residues. The extracellular domain has leucine-rich repeats and the intracellular domain is similar to that of IL-1 receptor. TLR4 is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In mice that are genetically tolerant to endotoxin, mutations have been identified in the intracellular domain of TLR4 that abolish LPS responsiveness. TLR4 uses a mechanism similar to that of the IL-1 receptor for signal transduction that leads to activation of NF-kB.

Supplier: Prosci

FHIT is member of the histidine triad gene family and is a diadenosine involved in purine metabolism. FHIT is also thought to be a tumor suppressor gene and is involved in multiple apoptotic pathways. The FHIT gene encompasses the common fragile site FRA3B on chromosome 3, where carcinogen-induced damage can lead to translocations and aberrant transcripts of this gene. Aberrant transcripts from this gene have been found in multiple carcinomas.

Supplier: Prosci

The ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a member of the ARF family, which is part of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking and as activators of phospholipase D. The product of this gene is localized to the plasma membrane , and regulates vesicular trafficking, remodelling of membrane lipids, and signaling pathways that lead to actin remodeling.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.

Supplier: Genetex

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are Gram negative enteric bacteria that live in the human gut. Its presence in nature is an indication of human feacal pollution. E. coli also causes human disease such as urinary tract infections and neonatal meningitis. Infection with particular enterotoxigenic strains can lead to life threatening intestinal diseases. E. coli are distinguished immunologically by serotyping based on three types of antigen: the somatic or O antigen which corresponds to terminal sugars on the cell surface lipopolysaccharide, the capsular or K antigens and the flagellar or H antigens.

Supplier: Prosci

CD Antigen CD27 is also known as Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 7 (TNFRSF7), which belongs to TNF-receptor superfamily. CD27 / TNFRSF7 is found in most T-lymphocytes. CD27 / TNFRSF7 is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. This receptor transduces signals that lead to the activation of NF-?B and MAPK8/JNK. CD27 has been shown to interact with SIVA1, TRAF2 and TRAF3.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin-18 receptor 1 (IL18R1) is also known as CD218 antigen-like family member A (CD218a), IL1 receptor-related protein (IL-1Rrp or IL1R-rp), CDw218a, IL18Ra, IL1RRP, which belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL18R1 contains three Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and one TIR domain. IL18R1 is receptor for interleukin 18 (IL-18). IL18R1 binds to the agonist leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B, but does not bind IL1A/interleukin-1 alpha or IL1B/interleukin-1 beta.

Supplier: Genetex

Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular organism. Chlamydia usually infects the cervix and fallopian tubes of women and the urethra of men. Chlamydial infections are believed to be one of the most common of all STDs. It is generally thought that in a population of 15 million, there are up to 300,000 cases of chlamydia each year. Thus, there are many undiagnosed cases of chlamydia in the community. It has been estimated that the true prevalence of chlamydia in the sexually active population may be in the order of 5% to 10%. Chlamydia is one of the leading causes of blindness in underdeveloped countries.