44988 Results for: "Prosci"

Supplier: Prosci

The 3D12 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD197 (CCR7 or EBI-1), a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled. It is the receptor for the secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC or 6CKine), CCL19, and CCL21. CD197 is expressed on subsets of B and T cells, and mature dendritic cells. The monoclonal 3D12 antibody recognizes the N-terminus of the receptor.

Supplier: Prosci

The A7R34 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the mouse CD127, the alpha subunit of the IL-7 receptor, expressed by immature B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, CD4-/CD8-, CD4+, and CD8+ thymocytes, and by mature T lymphocytes at low levels. Mature T cells express CD117 at low levels in the periphery.The A7R34 antibody prevents the interaction between IL-7 and its receptor and the binding of mAb SB/199, which also recognizes mouse CD127.

Supplier: Prosci

West Nile Virus Envelope Antibody: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the Flaviviridae, a plus-stranded virus family that includes St. Louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and Dengue virus. WNV was initially isolated in 1937 in the West Nile region of Uganda and has become prevalent in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It has rapidly spread across the United States with cases being observed in every continental state. Virus particles consist of a dense core made up of the core/capsid protein encapsulating the RNA genome surrounded by a membrane envelope embedded with envelope and matrix proteins. While the viral core protein is thought to contribute to the WNV-associated inflammation via apoptosis induced though the caspase-9 pathway, the highly glycosylated envelope protein plays a major role for WNV entry into target cells as this entry can be inhibited by using a recombinant domain III from the envelope glycoprotein. The WNV receptor has recently been identified as alpha v beta 3 integrin.

Supplier: Prosci

West Nile Virus Matrix Antibody: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the Flaviviridae, a plus-stranded virus family that includes St. Louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and Dengue virus. WNV was initially isolated in 1937 in the West Nile region of Uganda and has become prevalent in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It has rapidly spread across the United States with cases being observed in every continental state. Virus particles consist of a dense core made up of the core/capsid protein encapsulating the RNA genome surrounded by a membrane envelope embedded with envelope and matrix proteins. However, when the viruses are inside of infected cells, the matrix protein exists in its "pre-M" form as a heterodimer with the envelope proteins. Cleavage of the "pre-M" protein to its mature form occurs during release of the virus; this cleavage leas to the dissociation of the heterodimers. The WNV receptor has recently been identified as alpha v beta 3 integrin.

Supplier: Prosci

DAD1 Antibody: Defender of cell death 1 (DAD1) was initially discovered in BHK21 cells as a negative regulator of programmed cell death, a process important for normal organism development and tissue homeostasis. DAD1 was later shown to be a subunit of the mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase complex and is required for its function and structural integrity. Mice lacking DAD1 express abnormal N-linked glycoproteins and undergo increased apoptotic-associated embryonic death. Furthermore, overexpression of DAD1 mRNA is seen in some human hepatocellular carcinomas, indicating it may also play a role in carcinogenesis. It should be noted that DAD1 is not related to the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family and does not contain any baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains.

Supplier: Prosci

Bim Antibody: Members in the Bcl-2 family are critical regulators of apoptosis by either inhibiting or promoting cell death. Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is a potent death domain. BH3 domain containing pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bad, Bax, Bid, Bik, and Hrk, form a growing subclass of the Bcl-2 family. A novel BH3 domain containing protein was recently identified and designated Bim or BOD in human, mouse and rat. Bim/BOD interacts with diverse members in the pro-survival Bcl-2 sub-family including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w. Bim/BOD induces apoptosis. The messenger RNA of Bim is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues and cell lines.

Supplier: Prosci

The 5C3 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD40, a 48kDA type I glycoprotein. CD40 is part of the TNFR family and expressed on a subset of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. It has been shown to be involved in the protection of B cells from apoptosis, B cell differentiation, co-stimulation, and isotype class-switching. The 5C3 antibody partially blocks the binding of CD40L (CD154). In the presence of IL-4 or PMA, the 5C3 antibody promotes B cell proliferation.

Supplier: Prosci

The mT2.7 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with mouse CD282, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a type I transmembrane signaling receptor containing IL-1 receptor like intracellular domain and leucine-rich repeats (LRR) in the extracellular domain. CD282 is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and the RAW264.7 cell line and is involved distinguishing bacterial lipoproteins.

Supplier: Prosci

The TL2.1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human CD282, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a type I transmembrane signaling receptor containing IL-1 receptor like intracellular domain and leucine-rich repeats (LRR) in the extracellular domain. CD282 is expressed on peripheral blood monocytes and is involved distinguishing bacterial lipoproteins. The TL2.1 antibody blocks the receptor and immunoprecipitates TLR2 from human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Supplier: Prosci

Seasonal H1N1 Neuraminidase Monoclonal Antibody: Influenza A virus has one of sixteen possible hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins and one of nine possible neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. In early 2009, a novel H1N1 swine-origin influenza (S-OIV) A virus was identified in specimens obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States. The genetic make-up of this swine flu virus is unlike any other: it is an H1N1 strain that combines a triple assortment first identified in 1998 including human, swine, and avian influenza with two new pig H3N2 virus genes from Eurasia, themselves of recent human origin.

Supplier: Prosci

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. In addition to production in the hypothalamus, this protein is also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as T lymphocytes and is highly expressed in the placenta where it is a marker that determines the length of gestation and the timing of parturition and delivery. A rapid increase in circulating levels of the hormone occurs at the onset of parturition, suggesting that, in addition to its metabolic functions, this protein may act as a trigger for parturitio. Marked reduction in this protein has been observed in association with Alzheimer disease.

Supplier: Prosci

SPINSTER, also known as SPNS1 or SPIN1, is a 528 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and belongs to the spinster subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily. SPINSTER interacts with Bcl-x and Bcl-2 and, via this interaction, is thought to be involved in necrotic or autophagic cell death. The related protein SPNS2 is critical for the normal lymphocyte localization and mammalian immune system function (1,3).

Supplier: Prosci

CLEC2A Antibody: CLEC2A (C-type lectin domain family 2 member A), also known as PILAR (proliferation-induced lymphocyte-associated receptor) is involved in modulating T-cell expansion. It is a 32 kDa single-pass type II membrane protein that contains one C-type lectin domain in its extracellular region and belongs to the CTL/CTLD superfamily. CLEC2A is mainly expressed in skin and highly expressed in CD8(+), B lymphocytes and naive CD4(+) T cells. Manipulation of CLEC2A signaling may be important for treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Supplier: Prosci

OASL (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like), also known as p59OASL or TRIP14 (thyroid receptor-interacting protein 14), is a 514 amino acid protein that exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms, designated p56 and p30, and contains two ubiquitin-like domains. It is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and interacts with the ligand binding domain of the thyroid receptor (TR) and is able to bind double-stranded RNA and DNA, possibly playing a role in RNA degradation and the overall inhibition of protein synthesis (2-3). Methyl CpG-binding protein 1 (MBD1), which functions as a transcriptional repressor, was identified as a strong p59 OASL interactor.

Supplier: Prosci

Seasonal H1N1 Hemagglutinin Monoclonal Antibody: Influenza A virus has one of sixteen possible Hemagglutinin (HA) surface proteins and one of nine possible Neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins. In early 2009, a novel H1N1 swine-origin influenza (S-OIV) A virus was identified in specimens obtained from patients in Mexico and the United States. The genetic make-up of this swine flu virus is unlike any other: it is an H1N1 strain that combines a triple assortment first identified in 1998 including human, swine, and avian influenza with two new pig H3N2 virus genes from Eurasia, themselves of recent human origin. This antibody is specific for the seasonal H1N1 influenza Hemagglutinin and will not recognize the corresponding Hemagglutinin sequence from the swine-origin H1N1 influenza (A/California/14/2009 (H1N1)).

Supplier: Prosci

The oligodendrocyte transcription factors 1 and 2 (OLIG1 and OLIG2, respectively) make up part of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors that are specifically expressed in zones of the neuroepithelium from which oligodendrocyte precursors emerge. Both OLIG1 and OLIG2 genes are downstream targets of Sonic hedgehog and are expressed exclusively in the central nervous system. OLIG2 is first observed in the ventral most p3 progenitor domain of the ventral neural tube while OLIG1 is first expressed in the dorsal portion of the p3 domain. Mice overexpressing OLIG2 exhibit impaired potassium channel expression in neural progenitors and proliferation of these cells similar to that seen in Down Syndrome, suggesting that OLIG2 may play a role in this pathology.

Supplier: Prosci

PUMA Monoclonal Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and development. The p53 tumor-suppressor protein induces apoptosis through transcriptional activation of several genes. A novel p53 inducible pro-apoptotic gene was identified recently and designated PUMA (for p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and bbc3 (for Bcl-2 binding component 3) in human and mouse. PUMA/bbc3 is one of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members including Bax and Noxa, which are also transcriptional targets of p53. The PUMA gene encodes two BH3 domain-containing proteins termed PUMAalpha and PUMAbeta ;. PUMA proteins bind Bcl-2, localize to the mitochondria, and induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis in response to p53. PUMA may be a direct mediator of p53-induced apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

DC-SIGN Monoclonal Antibody: Dendritic cells (DCs) that control immune responses were recently found to capture and transport HIV from the mucosal area to remote lymph nodes, where DCs hand over HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes. DCs also amplify the amount of virus and extend the duration of viral infectivity. Multiple strains of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV bind to DCs via DC-SIGN. ICAM-3 is the natural ligand for DC-SIGN. A DC-SIGN homologue (termed DC-SIGNR, L-SIGN, and DC-SIGN2) was identified recently. DC-SIGN forms a novel gene family with DC-SIGNR and many alternatively spliced isoforms of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR. The expression of DC-SIGN was found in mucosal tissues including placenta, small intestine, and rectum.

Supplier: Prosci

The small nuclear riboprotein-associated protein N (SNRPN) is one polypeptide of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and belongs to the snRNP SMB/SMN family. SNRPN plays a role in pre-mRNA processing and alternative splicing. SNRPN arises from a bicistronic transcript that also encodes a protein identified as the SNRPN upstream reading frame (SNURF). Mutations or deletions in the SNRPN gene may be linked to responsible for Angelman syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome.

Supplier: Prosci

SLC29A2 is a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family which plays a key role in nucleoside and nucleobase uptake for salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis. SLC29A2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates the cellular uptake of nucleosides from the surrounding medium. As a nucleoside transporter, SLC29A2 plays an important role in the uptake of nucleoside-based anti-cancer drugs; polymorphisms of point mutations in the gene encoding this protein may affect the efficacy of these drugs.

Supplier: Prosci

Apaf-1 Monoclonal Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and induced by a family of cell death receptors and their ligands. Cell death signals are transduced by death domain containing adapter molecules and members of the caspase family of proteases. The mammalian homologous of the key cell death gene CED-4 in C. elegans was identified recently from human and mouse and designated Apaf1 for apoptosis protease-activating factor 1. Apaf1 binds to cytochrome c (Apaf2) and caspase-9 (Apaf3), which leads to caspase-9 activation. Activated caspase-9 in turn cleaves and activates caspase-3 that is one of the key proteases, being responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many key proteins in apoptosis. Apaf1 can also associate with caspase-4 and caspase-8. Apaf1 transcript is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues.

Supplier: Prosci

EndoG Monoclonal Antibody: The fragmentation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The activities of caspase and nuclease are involved in the DNA fragmentation. Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), also termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF40), is one such nuclease, and is capable of inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 of its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45. Caspase and CAD independent DNA fragmentation also exists. Recent studies demonstrated that another nuclease, endonuclease G (EndoG), is specifically activated by apoptotic stimuli and is able to induce nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA independently of caspase and DFF/CAD. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus and cleaves chromatin DNA during apoptosis. The homologue of mammalian EndoG is the first mitochondrial protein identified to be involved in apoptosis in C. elegans. EndoG also cleaves DNA in vitro.

Supplier: Prosci

The adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) is thought to be involved in protein recruitment and cell adhesion and functions as a proteasomal ubiquitin receptor. ADRM1 promotes the activity of UCH-L5 and plays a role in lymphocyte homing. The carboxy-terminal domain of mammalian ADRM1 serves to bind and enhance the isopeptidase activity of UCHL5/UCH37, perhaps serving as a mechanism to accelerate ubiquitin chain disassembly. ADRM1 expression is induced by IFN-gamma in some cancer cell lines and its expression is upregulated in other metastatic cells, suggesting a role in carcinogenesis.

Supplier: Prosci

PUMA Monoclonal Antibody: Apoptosis is related to many diseases and development. The p53 tumor-suppressor protein induces apoptosis through transcriptional activation of several genes. A novel p53 inducible pro-apoptotic gene was identified recently and designated PUMA (for p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) and bbc3 (for Bcl-2 binding component 3) in human and mouse. PUMA/bbc3 is one of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members including Bax and Noxa, which are also transcriptional targets of p53. The PUMA gene encodes two BH3 domain-containing proteins termed PUMAalpha and PUMAbeta ;. PUMA proteins bind Bcl-2, localize to the mitochondria, and induce cytochrome c release and apoptosis in response to p53. PUMA may be a direct mediator of p53-induced apoptosis.

Supplier: Prosci

The ARID1A protein is a member of the SWI/SNF family, whose members are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. ARID1A is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. It possesses a DNA-binding domain that can specifically bind an AT-rich DNA sequence known to be recognized by a SNF/SWI complex at the beta-globin locus. The C-terminus of the protein can stimulate glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation. It is thought that ARID1A confers specificity to the SNF/SWI complex and may recruit the complex to its targets through either protein-DNA or protein-protein interactions.

Supplier: Prosci

The XMG1.2 is a neutralizing antibody that binds with the mouse Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) protein, a 15 -17 kDa cytokine with significant antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumoral properties. When secreted by natural killer cells and by natural killer T lymphocytes, it regulates the immune response and supports adaptive immunity when produced by Th1 or CD8+ T lymphocytes. IFN-gamma plays an important role in the activation, the growth, and the differentiation of the macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. It interacts synergically with other cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, to inhibit proliferation of normal and transformed cells. IFN- gamma is the primary cytokine that defines Th-1 cells.The biological activity of IFN-gamma is not affected by glycosylation.

Supplier: Prosci

The NIB42 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with human interferon gamma, a multifunctional cytokine that is produced mainly by activated T and NK cells. Interferon gamma has anti-viral and anti-parasitic properties and plays an important role in the activation, growth, and differentiation of macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. It interacts synergically with other cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, to inhibit proliferation of normal and transformed cells. The NIB42 antibody neutralizes IFN-gamma.

Supplier: Prosci

The MEL-14 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with L- selectin (CD62L), a receptor with lectin-like and Epidermal Growth Factor-like domains. The weight of the CD62L molecules depend on their origin: 74 kDa (on lymphocytes) or 95 kDa (on neutrophils).In the Mouseorganism, CD62L can be expressed by most thymocytes, on subsets of B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. The L-selectin binds sulfated, fucosylated, and glycosylated glycoproteins (MadCAM-1, GLYCAM-1, and CD 34). It mediates the migration of lymphocytes to the site of inflammation and their return to the peripheral lymphoid tissues and to the HEV (high endothelial venules). In vitro, L-selectin inhibits this binding and the lymphocyte extravasation into peripheral lymph nodes.

Supplier: Prosci

The UCHT1 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the epsilon chain of the CD3/T lymphocyte antigen receptor complex. The CD3 complex contains gamma, delta, and epsilon chains, and it is part of the TCR complex, expressed by all mature T lymphocytes and by the thymocyte lineage. CD3 enhances the antigen recognition by signal transduction. Unlike HIT3a, another specific antibody of CD3, the UCHT1 antibody can stain both the surface and intracellular CD3 epsilon. The immobilized UCHT1 can cross-link with the TCR complex, enhancing cellular activation and proliferation.

Supplier: Prosci

Wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) / protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D), a protein identified in the p53 DNA response pathway, is a member of the PP2C family of serine/threonine protein phosphatases which selectively inactivates p38 MAPK and dephosphorylates the ATM/ATR targets, Chk1 and p53. Studies have shown that it is overexpressed in human cancers and is involved in the regulation of multiple DNA damage signaling pathways. PPM1D deletion results in a reduction of T and B cell function and compromised cell division, rendering cells resistant to becoming cancerous and slowing tumor development.