"Microbial Detection"

Supplier: Prosci

Ubiquitin-Like Protein ISG15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that becomes conjugated to many cellular proteins upon activation by interferon-alpha and -beta. Several functions have been ascribed to the encoded protein, including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, direction of ligated target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell-to-cell signaling, and antiviral activity during viral infections. While conjugates of this protein have been found to be noncovalently attached to intermediate filaments, this protein is sometimes secreted. ISG15 becomes conjugated to a diverse set of proteins after IFN-alpha/beta stimulation or microbial challenge. The functions or biochemical consequences ISG15 conjugation to proteins are not yet known, but it appears that this modification does not target proteins for proteasomal degradation. ISG15 shows specific chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and activates them to induce release of eosinophil chemotactic factors. Upon interferon treatment, ISG15 can be detected in both free and conjugated forms, and is secreted from monocytes and lymphocytes where it can function as a cytokine. In the cell, ISG15 co-localizes with intermediate filaments and ISGylation may modulate the JAK-STAT pathway or certain aspects of neurological disease.

Supplier: Cayman Chemical Company

Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS; Item No. 22810) is a nucleotidyltransferase located in the cytosol that acts as a cytosolic DNA sensor to detect foreign DNA from microbial pathogens as part of the innate immune response. Upon binding to cytosolic DNA, cGAS produces the cyclic dinucleotide second messenger cGAMP, which activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), leading to activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. In vitro, fibroblasts, macrophages, and dendritic cells isolated from cGAS knockout (cGAS^-/-) mice do not produce type I IFNs following DNA transfection or DNA virus infection.{39163} Similarly, cells containing a frame-shift mutation in the cGAS locus fail to mount an immune response to HIV and other retroviruses.{39164} In vivo, cGAS^-/- mice infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) have lower levels of IFN-α and IFN-β, shorter survival times, and higher post-mortem levels of HSV-1 in the brain. Cayman’s cGAS Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 5G10) recognizes the full length human cGAS protein at ~59 kDa.

Supplier: Bioss

Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, innate immune response, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promote nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases, which was uniquely reported in PubMed:9857026. May stimulate instead the cortical activity of Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras-GTPases. Forms an intracellular sensing system along with NOD1 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIP2 dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathways activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides through NOD1 that is independent of its GEF activity, but also in the activation of NF-kappaB by Shigella effector proteins (IpgB2 and OspB) which requires its GEF activity and the activation of RhoA. Involved in innate immune signaling transduction pathway promoting cytokine IL6/interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha secretion in macrophage upon stimulation by bacterial peptidoglycans; acts as a signaling intermediate between NOD2 receptor and RIPK2 kinase. Contributes to the tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK2 through Src tyrosine kinase leading to NF-kappaB activation by NOD2.

Supplier: Sartorius

The MD8 Airscan®, together with gelatin membrane filter disposables, constitutes a sampling system for accurate, reproducible and quantitative detection of airborne microorganisms in clean rooms and isolators, whether conventionally ventilated or under laminar flow. This system is capable of detecting even the smallest airborne contaminants, including viruses.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Cycloheximide is a glutarimide antibiotic derived from a microbial source. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which is very active against many molds, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi. It exhibits somewhat lower activity against bacteria and certain fungi. Control of various molds and fungi in gelatin-based photographic emulsions, photoengraving glues, and other light-sensitive products is suggested.
Cycloheximide is used in plant research to study disease resistance and as an ethylene stimulant, useful in studies involving fruit and leaf production. It is also used in bacteriological media to isolate or count bacteria in the presence of yeast and molds; Used in protein synthesis in apoptosis; Gene expression; Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes; Studies involving steroidogenesis; Used in plant regulation and as a quality control measure by the food and beverage industry.
Cycloheximide (CHX) is an antibiotic produced by S. griseus. Its main biological activity is translation inhibition in eukaryotes resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death. CHX is widely used for selection of CHX-resistant strains of yeast and fungi, controlled inhibition of protein synthesis for detection of short-lived proteins and super-induction of protein expression, and apoptosis induction or facilitation of apoptosis induction by death receptors. Cycloheximide inhibits peptide synthesis in eukaryotic organisms but not in prokaryotes. Protein synthesis is blocked by the interaction of cycloheximide with the translocase enzyme. This interaction prohibits the translocation of messenger RNA on the cytosolic, 80S ribosomes without inhibiting organelle protein synthesis. Cycloheximide is also known to induce FAS/FAS Ligand apoptosis, and triggers apoptosis in HL-60 cells, T-cell hybridomas, Burkitt's lymphoma cells in addition to a variety of other cell types. Cycloheximide will also delay or inhibit apoptosis induced by other agents.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Applications
Cycloheximide is used in protein synthesis in apoptosis. It is also used in plant research to study disease resistance and as an ethylene stimulant, useful in studies involving fruit and leaf production.
Product Description
Cycloheximide is an antibiotic which is very active against many molds, yeasts, and phytopathogenic fungi. It exhibits somewhat lower activity against bacteria and certain fungi. It inhibits peptide synthesis in eukaryotic organisms but not in prokaryotes. Protein synthesis is blocked by the interaction of cycloheximide with the translocase enzyme. This interaction prohibits the translocation of messenger RNA on the cytosolic, 80S ribosomes without inhibiting organelle protein synthesis.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Cycloheximide (CHX) is an antibiotic produced by S. griseus. Its main biological activity is translation inhibition in eukaryotes resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death. CHX is widely used for selection of CHX-resistant strains of yeast and fungi, controlled inhibition of protein synthesis for detection of short-lived proteins and super-induction of protein expression, and apoptosis induction or facilitation of apoptosis induction by death receptors.

Supplier: BD

A direct specimen RNA probe-based diagnostic test for the differential detection and identification of the causative agents for vaginitis

Supplier: LIOFILCHEM, INC.

Contam swabs for microbial monitoring of surfaces.

Supplier: Sartorius

These filter units with PP funnel and base and cellulose nitrate membrane are developed for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, beverages, water and other liquids. All components of the filtration system must comply with international guidelines, such as USP, EP or ISO standards.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

The BacTiter-Glo Microbial Cell Viability Assay is a homogeneous method for determining the number of viable microbial cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP present.

Supplier: VWR International

Easily detect lost elastomeric fragments to prevent contamination and product recalls.

Supplier: Hardy Diagnostics

Aquasnap™ Free ATP, for use with Hygiena luminometers

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

The TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are a group of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition molecules that play a key role in host defense during microbial infection by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins with ectodomains containing interspersed leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motifs that are involved in the recognition of various microbial ligands.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

A chromogenic substrate used for detecting beta-D-glucosidase activity. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, it releases indoxyl, which spontaneously oxidizes to form blue-colored indigo dye, enabling visual detection of enzyme activity. It is commonly used in microbiological testing, enzyme assays, and diagnostics.

Supplier: HiMedia

Toluidine blue DNA agar is used for detection of thermostable deoxyribonuclease activity.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

The ENLITEN ATP Assay System is used to measure ATP levels for the indirect detection of biocontamination.