421 Results for: "FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC"

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IL-6 is an important pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed by T cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. Signals through a receptor complex containing two receptors, IL-6Rα and gp130. Plays an important function in promoting fever and can serve to stimulate an immune response to trauma.

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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

CTGrade GMP rh IL-3 is a recombinant human protein that is produced from E. coli and is designed to support basic, translational, and clinical research, as well as commercial applications.

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Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor with broad production across different cell types.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ƴ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 α), also known as CCL3, is a cytokine produced by macrophages. MIP-1 α binds the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5 to induce inflammatory responses, including the recruitment of granulocytes and neutrophil superoxide production. The MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β heterodimer exhibits antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).

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Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that binds to FGF receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and FGFR2). FGF-5 is expressed in the mesenchyme, skeletal muscles, central nervous system, and hair follicles to promote cell differentiation and proliferation. FGF-5 functions as a regulatory factor during hair elongation and skeletal muscle development.

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Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) is a critical mitogenic factor that is required for normal development of the eye, ear, brain, and limb. FGF-8 functions broadly to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Overexpression of FGF-8 increases tumor growth and angiogenesis. Human and mouse FGF-8 proteins show 100% homology.

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Cytokines for expansion and cell culture of human hematopoietic stem cells to progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are self renewing pluripotent cells often characterized by the expression of CD34. Studies have shown that decreased expression of CD34 tends to correlate with the decreased self renewal properties and pluripotent potential. Culturing CD34+ cells in a cytokine mixture of SCF, FLT-3 Ligand, IL-6 and IL-3 for short time periods allows rapid expansion of immature and more mature hematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood or bone marrow preparations. If the goal is to only expand the most immature progenitor and stem cells, it is recommended that a combination of TPO, SCF and FLT-3 Ligand are used (Catalog: PB-500-03). Either cytokine combination can also be supplemented with other cytokines to promote specific lineages.

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Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is expressed by monocytes and macrophages. HB-EGF is the predominant growth factor involved in epithelialization during wound healing. HB-EGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 to maintain adult heart homeostasis, and promotes cardiac valve development through binding in high affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HB-EGF binds the the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase to mediate implantation of the human blastocyst. HB-EGF also functions as a potent mitogen for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

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Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand (RANK Ligand) is a cell-bound marker related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins. RANK Ligand plays a critical role in bone metabolism and osteoclast differentiation. T cell expression of RANK Ligand promotes dendritic cell maturation.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with one being VEGF-121. The VEGF-121 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell function.

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Cytokines for mouse neuronal cell culture. Neural Stem Cells (NSC) are self-renewing cells, of the neural lineage, capable of generating neurons (GABA, dopamine and motor neurons), astrocytes and oligodenrocytes. NSCs are marked by expression of Nestin and can be derived from fetal neural stem cells, adult neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult somatic cells.

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Cytokines for polarizing mouse T cells into Th9 cells. Th9 cells are a unique subset of T helper cells that produce IL-9. Although the exact function of IL-9 producing T cells is yet to be completely clear it is proposed that these cells could be important in inflammation and helminth infections. Th9 cells can be generated from naive CD4+ T cells in culture by culturing them in the presence of IL-4 and TGF-β 1. It also appears that IFNγ and IL-27 can inhibit the generation of Th9 cells.

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Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand (RANK Ligand) is a cell-bound marker related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins. RANK Ligand plays a critical role in bone metabolism and osteoclast differentiation. T cell expression of RANK Ligand promotes dendritic cell maturation.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-α2b) is a type I interferon made by leukocytes during viral infection. The JAK-STAT pathway mediates the antiviral and anti-cell proliferation activities of IFN-α2b. IFN-α proteins are widely used as standard treatments during antiviral and antineoplastic therapies. The IFN-α2b variant differs from IFN-α2a by one amino acid.

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Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is produced by lymphocytes.  IL-2 signals through the IL-2R receptor to induce activated T cell proliferation and promote T cell differentiation. IL-2 also stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages.

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Leptin is a hormone that is produced by adipose tissue and plays critical roles in the physiologic regulation of body weight. Leptin acts through the leptin receptor (LEPR) to regulate adipose mass by inhibiting hunger and balancing energy usage. Leptin mutations cause severe hereditary obesity and hypogonadism in rodents and humans. Leptin also has thermogenic actions, regulates enzymes of fatty acid oxidation, and is involved in hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and immune responses.

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Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types. M-CSF also acts through the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to modulate processes involved in immunology, bone metabolism, fertility, and pregnancy.

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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of epithelial and epidermal cells. EGF contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds and binds in high affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGF is overexpressed in multiple tumor cell lines and promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiation treatments.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 α), also known as CCL3, is a cytokine produced by macrophages. MIP-1 α binds the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5 to induce inflammatory responses, including the recruitment of granulocytes and neutrophil superoxide production. The MIP-1 α and MIP-1 β heterodimer exhibits antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is constitutively expressed in smooth muscle and airway epithelial cells. IL-33 signals through the interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1R1) and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) receptors to ativate NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. IL-33 functions to induce type 2 cytokine production in polarized Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells.

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Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a widely expressed proinflammatory cytokine that is structurally and functionally related to interleukin 2 (IL-2). IL-15 signals through JAK kinases to activate STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6 transcription factors. IL-15 regulates the activation of T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, and is a stimulatory cytokine promoting dendritic cell function. IL-15 expression is dysregulated in chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Therefore, IL-15 may serve as an effective therapeutic target, due to the beneficial outcomes of IL-15 neutralization in models of psoriasis and diabetes. Human IL-15 shows activity on mouse cells.

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Interleukin 13 (IL-13) is a cytokine secreted from type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-13 has overlapping functions with interleukin 4 (IL-4), including the induction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion from B cells, and the inhibition of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) inflammatory cytokine expression. IL-13 also regulates immune cell inflammation in response to the pathophysiological changes of surrounding non-immune cells. The IL-13 receptor consists of the IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1 subunits. IL-13 can also bind the IL-13Ra2 receptor with high affinity. IL-13 functions are mediated through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Human and mouse IL-13 are cross-reactive.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

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Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and functions as a chemoattractant for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. Additionally, IL-16 upregulates the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor (CD25), modulates T lymphocyte growth, and suppresses the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV).

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Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signaling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3).

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Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and T cells. GM-CSF stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells. GM-CSF promotes immune system development and regulates neutrophil function during infection.

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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ƴ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells.