421 Results for: "FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC"

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Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that functions to induce naïve helper T cells to differentiate into type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Th2 cells subsequently produce more IL-4 in a positive feedback loop. IL-4 also promotes immunoglobulin IgG to IgE isotype switching on B cells. IL-4 binds the IL-4Rα receptor to activate STAT6 signaling.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and is expressed by monocytes and macrophages. HB-EGF is the predominant growth factor involved in epithelialization during wound healing. HB-EGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 to maintain adult heart homeostasis, and promotes cardiac valve development through binding in high affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HB-EGF binds the the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase to mediate implantation of the human blastocyst. HB-EGF also functions as a potent mitogen for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

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Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). IL-1β signals through the IL-1 receptor, type 1 (IL-1R1) to activate the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) signaling pathway, which contains the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain adapter. IL-1β and the independently regulated IL-1α protein have overlapping proinflammatory activities to induce adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells, control fever induction, initiate rheumatoid arthritis, and promote septic shock.

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Resistin-like molecule-beta (RELM-β) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing conserved C-terminus cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-ɣ (FIZZ4). Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans, whereas all four RELM family members are present in rodents. RELM-β functions to increase fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, resulting in airway remodelling and increased inflammation.

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Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a growth factor that is produced by liver and kidney tissues. TPO binds the TPO receptor (CD110) to promote megakaryocyte maturation, differentiation, and the production of platelets.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a growth factor that is produced by liver and kidney tissues. TPO binds the TPO receptor (CD110) to promote megakaryocyte maturation, differentiation, and the production of platelets.

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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells.

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Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. IL-11 functions to promote hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation. In non-hematopoietic cell populations, IL-11 stimulates acute-phase proteins, modulates the development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells, and regulates bone turnover. IL-11 binds the IL-11Rα receptor to activate JAK downstream signaling.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis. PDGF synthesis is induced by IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and EGF signaling. PDGF functions as a mitogenic growth hormone on cells of mesenchymal lineage, such as smooth muscle and glial cells.

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Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. IL-11 functions to promote hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation. In non-hematopoietic cell populations, IL-11 stimulates acute-phase proteins, modulates the development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells, and regulates bone turnover. IL-11 binds the IL-11Rα receptor to activate JAK downstream signaling.

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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells. Human IL-10 can act on murine cells, while murine IL-10 is not active on human cells.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. IL-11 functions to promote hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation. In non-hematopoietic cell populations, IL-11 stimulates acute-phase proteins, modulates the development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells, and regulates bone turnover. IL-11 binds the IL-11Rα receptor to activate JAK downstream signaling. Human IL-11 shows activity on murine cells.

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Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that is expressed by activated type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-31 signals through a heterodimer receptor consisting of the IL-31 Receptor A (IL-31RA) and the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), which are expressed on monocytes, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. IL-31 promotes allergic reactions and inflammatory skin diseases.

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Interleukin 22 (IL-22), also called IL-TIF, is an IL-10 family member that is produced by activated dendritic cells and T lymphocytes. IL-22 signals via a heteroduplex receptor consisting of IL-22R and IL-10RB chains. IL-22 is a potent mediator of cellular inflammatory responses and wound healing.  

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The p28 subunit of interleukin 27 (IL-27), also known as interleukin 30 (IL-30), is a member of the interleukin 12 (IL-12) family of cytokines. p28 is a secreted polypeptide that associates with the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3) to form the IL-27 cytokine heterodimer complex. IL-27 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine that induces immunomodulatory effects in naïve CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and monocytes. p28 can also form a complex with cytokine-like factor 1 (CLF), that is secreted by dendritic cells, to regulate natural killer (NK) and T cell functions.

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Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that is expressed by T cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. IL-6 acts to stimulate an immune response upon infection or trauma. IL-6 has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, is capable of promoting fever, and signals through the cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex containing the IL-6Ra and gp130 chains. Human IL-6 is active on mouse and rat cells.

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Nerve growth factor beta (β-NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that is important for the development and maintenance of sensory and sympathetic neurons. β-NGF signals through the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) and the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) to activate PI3K, Ras, and PLC signaling pathways. β-NGF is also involved in the growth, differentiation, and survival of B lymphocytes. Human, mouse, and rat β-NGF proteins are cross-reactive.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 β), also known as CCL4, is produced by macrophages and functions as a mitogen-inducible cytokine. MIP-1 β signals through the chemokine receptor CCR5 to chemoattract immune cells. MIP-1 β induces inflammatory responses, including neutrophil superoxide production. The MIP-1 β and MIP-1 α heterodimer exhibits antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). 

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Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types. M-CSF also acts through the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to modulate processes involved in immunology, bone metabolism, fertility, and pregnancy. Human M-CSF shows activity on mouse cells; however, mouse M-CSF shows no activity on human cells.

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Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), also known as CCL2, is produced by injured or infected tissues. MCP-1 signals through the CCR2 and CCR4 G protein-coupled receptors to recruit memory T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation.

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Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), or CXCL10, is a chemokine secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ). IP-10 functions as a chemoattractant for activated T cells, monocytes, dendritic, and natural killer (NK) cells that express the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3. IP-10 is an important factor in autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 α), also called CXCL12a, is one of two SDF-1 splice variants made by a wide variety of cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and LPS. SDF-1α signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 to recruit activated leukocytes. Human and mouse SDF-1 α share 99% sequence identity.

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Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines. IL-11 functions to promote hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation. In non-hematopoietic cell populations, IL-11 stimulates acute-phase proteins, modulates the development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells, and regulates bone turnover. IL-11 binds the IL-11Rα receptor to activate JAK downstream signaling. Human IL-11 shows activity on murine cells.

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Artemin is a neurotrophin member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) ligand family. Artemin is highly expressed in the adult pituitary gland, placenta, and trachea, and shows low level expression in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral tissues. Artemin signals through the RET receptor and GDNF family receptor alpha 3 (GFRα3) co-receptor complex to support neuronal survival.

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Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) is a secreted growth factor that is predominantly expressed during bone morphogenesis and embryonic limb development. FGF-4 is an important growth regulator for stem cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FGF-4 contains a single N-linked glycosylation signal. In-vitro studies suggest that unglycosylated FGF-4 is cleaved into 13 kDa and 15 kDa truncated proteins that have greater biological activity than the wild type 19 kDa FGF-4 protein. Human FGF-4 shares high homology and is cross-reactive with mouse FGF-4. 

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Omentin is an adipokine that is produced and secreted by the small intestine, visceral adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue, and epicardial adipose tissue. Omentin enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes and is a link between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Omentin also functions as a vasodilator and plays a protective role during coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension.

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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that functions as a potent inducer of neutrophilic granulocyte proliferation, terminal differentiation, and activation. G-CSF synthesis occurs in monocyte, macrophage, epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast cells after activation by bacterial endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), or interleukin 17 (IL-17).

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Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is a potent mitogen that regulates epithelial cell migration and differentiation. FGF-7 is produced by mesenchymal cells and binds in high affinity to a splice variant of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2-IIIb). The mitogenic activity of FGF-7 acts predominantly on keratinocytes, but not on fibroblast or endothelial cells. FGF-7 expression is upregulated after acute and chronic injury, suggesting that FGF-7 functions during the healing of injured epithelial cells. FGF-7 also induces the formation of the apical ectodermal ridge during limb development.

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Myostatin, also known as GDF-8, is a conserved member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Myostatin is an essential regulator of skeletal muscle mass and cardiac muscle development and function. Myostatin is a secreted protein that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth by determining muscle fiber number and size.