421 Results for: "FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC"

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Resistin-like molecule-alpha (RELM-α) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing conserved C-terminus cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-γ (FIZZ4). RELM-α and Resistin are secreted by adipocytes, unlike RELM-β which is secreted by gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and RELM-γ which is expressed by peripheal blood granulocytes and bone marrow cells.

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Interleukin 20 (IL-20) is structurally related to interleukin 10 (IL-10) and is produced by keratinocytes and monocytes. IL-20 acts through the STAT3 signaling pathway to regulate the proliferation of keratinocytes during epidermal inflammation.

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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells. Human IL-10 can act on murine cells, while murine IL-10 is not active on human cells.

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Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) is a secreted growth factor that is predominantly expressed during bone morphogenesis and embryonic limb development. FGF-4 is an important growth regulator for stem cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. FGF-4 contains a single N-linked glycosylation signal. In-vitro studies suggest that unglycosylated FGF-4 is cleaved into 13 kDa and 15 kDa truncated proteins that have greater biological activity than the wild type 19 kDa FGF-4 protein. Human FGF-4 shares high homology and is cross-reactive with mouse FGF-4. 

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Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), also called CCL7, is produced by macrophages and tumor cell lines. MCP-3 signals through the G protein-coupled receptors CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3. MCP-3 chemoattracts monocytes and regulates macrophage function during inflammation and metastasis.

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The globular subunit of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa (ACRP-30) is a naturally occurring cleavage product of adiponectin, a protein made exclusively by adipocytes. ACRP-30 is an abundant serum protein and plays an important role in hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and fatty acid oxidation. ACRP-30 signals through adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2).

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Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor that binds to FGF receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and FGFR2). FGF-5 is expressed in the mesenchyme, skeletal muscles, central nervous system, and hair follicles to promote cell differentiation and proliferation. FGF-5 functions as a regulatory factor during hair elongation and skeletal muscle development.

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WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) is a member of the CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family of regulatory factors. WISP-2 is expressed in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages, including primary osteoblasts, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipogenic precursor cells. WISP-2 is a canonical WNT ligand that regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. Secreted WISP-2 promotes mesenchymal precursor cell proliferation and maintains them in an undifferentiated state. In bone-forming osteoblasts, WISP-2 promotes osteoblast adhesion and inhibits osteocalcin production.

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Fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is expressed in epithelial and mesenchymal lineages. FGF-6 binds and signals through the FGF receptors FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4. FGF-6 functions as a mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. FGF-6 is also an important factor driving muscle differentiation and regeneration.

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Resistin-like molecule-gamma (RELM-γ) is a member of the RELM family of secreted proteins containing C-terminal cysteines. The RELM family consists of Resistin (FIZZ3), RELM-α (FIZZ1), RELM-β (FIZZ2), and RELM-γ (FIZZ4). RELM-γ is secreted by peripheral blood granulocytes, bone marrow, spleen, intestine, and lung. RELM-γ functions to promote and regulate promyelocytic differentiation, in addition to regulating nutrient-associated insulin sensitivity in the intestinal tract. Rodents secrete all four RELM family members, whereas Resistin and RELM-β are the only RELM family members found in humans.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

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PDGF-BB (Platelet-derived growth factor) comprises a family of homo or heterodimeric growth factors, including PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD. Binds to two different transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (PDGFR-alpha and PDFGR-beta). Released from degranulating platelets and plays a role in each stage of wound healing. Stimulates mitogenicity and chemotaxis of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells to the wound site.

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Indian hedgehog (IHH) is an essential signaling factor that is secreted in the gut, cartilage, and bone during embryonic development. IHH acts through the patched (PTC) receptor to induce transcriptional changes important for bone and cartilage development. IHH also induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which in turn mediates IHH activity during chondrocyte differentiation, forming a negative feedback loop.

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Cytokines for expansion and cell culture of mouse hematopoietic stem cells to progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are self renewing pluripotent cells often characterized by the expression of CD34. Studies have shown that decreased expression of CD34 tends to correlate with the decreased self renewal properties and pluripotent potential. Culturing CD34+ cells in a cytokine mixture of SCF, FLT-3 Ligand, IL-6 and IL-3 for short time periods allows rapid expansion of immature and more mature hematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood or bone marrow preparations. If the goal is to only expand the most immature progenitor and stem cells, it is recommended that a combination of TPO, SCF and FLT-3 Ligand are used (Catalog: PB-500-04). Either cytokine combination can also be supplemented with other cytokines to promote specific lineages.

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Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family of proteins and functions to stimulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Activins are produced in many tissue types including the skin, gonads, lungs, and pituitary gland. Activins interact with receptor type I and type II serine/threonine protein kinases, to activate SMAD signaling and regulate diverse cellular functions, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism. Activin A is a homodimer comprised of two activin βA chains. Cleavage of the N-terminal propeptide renders the Activin protein biologically active. Human Activin A shares 100% amino acid sequence identity with mouse, rat, porcine, bovine, and feline Activin A proteins.

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Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and promotes endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis. PlGF is secreted as a homodimer and may also form a heterodimer with VEGF. PlGF is detected in the placenta, heart, lungs, thyroid, and adipose tissues. Circulating PlGF levels are correlated with colorectal and renal cancers, as well as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. There are four alternatively spliced PlGF isoforms (PlGF-1, PlGF-2, PlGF-3, and PlGF-4), each with unique secretion patterns and heparin-binding affinities. PlGF-3 lacks a heparin-binding domain and signals through the VEGFR-1 receptor.

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Cytokines for human neuronal cell culture. Neural Stem Cells (NSC) are self-renewing cells, of the neural lineage, capable of generating neurons (GABA, dopamine and motor neurons), astrocytes and oligodenrocytes. NSCs are marked by expression of Nestin and can be derived from fetal neural stem cells, adult neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult somatic cells. NSCs are typically expanded and maintained in 2D monolayers or 3D neurosphere cultures containing recombinant EGF and FGF-basic (also called FGF-2 or FGFb). To differentiate NSCs to more specific cell types, the EGF and FGF-basic containing media is often replaced with media containing various cocktails of BDNF, SHH, FGF-8, CNTF, LIF, BMP-4, NT-3, NT-4, PDGFs and other cytokines. Recombinant human EGF and FGF-basic show cross-species reactivity so they are sometimes used in mouse and/or rat cultures.

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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

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R-Spondin-1 (RSPO-1) is a secreted growth factor that stabilizes β-catenin and enhances WNT signaling.RSPO-1 is expressed in many tissues and regulates female sex determination, XX gonad development, oocyte differentiation, and hematopoietic stem cell specification. The RSPO-1 stabilization of β-catenin promotes intestinal crypt cell proliferation. This suggests that RSPO-1 functions as a stem cell growth factor and may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. Additionally, recombinant RSPO-1 protein is used to initiate and maintain intestinal organoid cultures.

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Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is an important fetal growth hormone made by theca cells during gestation. IGF-II engages the IGF-I receptor (IGF1R) to mediate embryonic growth. IGF-II also binds the sink IGF-II receptor (IGF2R) leading to IGF-II degradation.

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Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor that is expressed in the ovaries, testis, adrenal, and placental tissues. EG-VEGF has mitogenic, chemoattractive, and antiapoptotic functional roles.

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Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that signals through a multicomponent receptor system to activate receptor tyrosine kinase RET signaling. GDNF promotes dopamine uptake, prevents motor neuron apoptosis, and supports the survival and differentiation of neurons.

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Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an inducer of cell-mediated immunity and is produced by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells after antigen stimulation. IL-12 functions to promote naïve T cell differentiation into the type 1 T helper cell (Th1) lineage. IL-12 also stimulates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from T cells and natural killer cells. Mouse IL-12 is active on human and mouse cells. 

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Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that is produced by the liver. IGF-1 production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). IGF-I binds the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor to stimulate systemic body growth. IGF-I is one of the most potent activators of the AKT signaling pathway, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits programmed cell death. Mature human IGF-I is 100% homologous to bovine and porcine IGF-1 proteins.

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Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 α), also called CXCL12a, is one of two SDF-1 splice variants made by a wide variety of cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, and LPS. SDF-1α signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 to recruit activated leukocytes. Human and mouse SDF-1 α share 99% sequence identity.

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WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2) is a member of the CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family of regulatory factors. WISP-2 is expressed in ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages, including primary osteoblasts, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipogenic precursor cells. WISP-2 is a canonical WNT ligand that regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis. Secreted WISP-2 promotes mesenchymal precursor cell proliferation and maintains them in an undifferentiated state. In bone-forming osteoblasts, WISP-2 promotes osteoblast adhesion and inhibits osteocalcin production.

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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) binds the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) to antagonize interleukin 1 alpha and beta signaling. IL-1RA is secreted by immune cells, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes to inhibit IL-1-induced inflammation. IL-1RA therapy is used to treat auto-inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

Supplier: FUJIFILM IRVINE SCIENTIFIC, INC

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that is produced by the liver. IGF-1 production is stimulated by growth hormone (GH). IGF-I binds the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and the insulin receptor to stimulate systemic body growth. IGF-I is one of the most potent activators of the AKT signaling pathway, which stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits programmed cell death.

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Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signaling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3).