Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The secreted cytokine RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor kappa-B Ligand) is critically involved in osteoclastic differentiation and activation and in the regulation of specific immunity. RANKL exists as a homotrimer, is glycosylated, and occurs in 3 forms: cell-bound RANKL, which is expressed by osteoblast lineage cells, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), which is expressed by activated T lymphocytes, and a truncated ectodomain form derived from the cell-bound RANK Ligand, which is enzymatically processed by TACE (TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE; ADAM-17)). All three forms stimulate their specific receptor, RANK, which is located on osteoclastic and dendritic cells. RANKL binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. RANKL augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. It may be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. It may also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Expression of RANKL is highest in the peripheral lymph nodes, weak in spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow, heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, stomach and thyroid and is up-regulated by T-cell receptor stimulation. RANKL is secreted in the soluble form. Defects in TNFSF11 cause osteopetrosis. Recombinant human soluble RANKL produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 176 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 20,006 Daltons.

Supplier: Prosci

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, causing a hyperpolarization of the membrane through the opening of a Cl- channel associated with the GABAA-Receptor (GABAA-R) subtype. GABAA-Rs are important therapeutic targets for a range of sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic agents and are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The GABAA-R is a multimeric subunit complex. To date six alphas, four betas and four gammas, plus alternative splicing variants of some of these subunits, have been identified. Injection in oocytes or mammalian cell lines of cRNA coding for alpha and beta subunits results in the expression of functional GABAA-Rs sensitive to GABA. However, coexpression of a gamma subunit is required for benzodiazepine modulation. The various effects of the benzodiazepines in brain may also be mediated via different alpha subunits of the receptor. Lastly, phosphorylation of beta subunits of the receptor has been shown to modulate GABAA-R function.

Supplier: Prosci

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, causing a hyperpolarization of the membrane through the opening of a Cl- channel associated with the GABAA-Receptor (GABAA-R) subtype. GABAA-Rs are important therapeutic targets for a range of sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic agents and are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The GABAA-R is a multimeric subunit complex. To date six alphas, four betas and four gammas, plus alternative splicing variants of some of these subunits, have been identified. Injection in oocytes or mammalian cell lines of cRNA coding for alpha and beta subunits results in the expression of functional GABAA-Rs sensitive to GABA. However, coexpression of a gamma subunit is required for benzodiazepine modulation. The various effects of the benzodiazepines in brain may also be mediated via different alpha subunits of the receptor. Lastly, phosphorylation of beta subunits of the receptor has been shown to modulate GABAA-R function.

Supplier: Genetex

Peroxisome proliferators are non genotoxic carcinogens which are purported to exert their effect on cells through their interaction with members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, termed Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs). Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand dependent intracellular proteins that stimulate transcription of specific genes by binding to specific DNA sequences following activation by the appropriate ligand. Studies indicate that PPARs are activated by peroxisome proliferators such as clofibric acid, nafenopin, and WY-14,643, as well as by some fatty acids. It has also been shown that PPARs can induce transcription of acyl coenzyme A oxidase and cytochrome P450 A6 (CYP450 A6) through interaction with specific response elements. PPAR alpha is activated by free fatty acids including linoleic, arachidonic, and oleic acids. Induction of peroxisomes by this mechanism leads to a reduction in blood triglyceride levels. PPAR alpha is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and kidney and is thought to regulate many genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Activation of rat liver PPAR alpha has been shown to suppress hepatocyte apoptosis. PPAR alpha, like several other nuclear hormone receptors, heterodimerizes with retinoic X receptor (RXR) alpha to form a transcriptionally competent complex.

Supplier: Genetex

Cytokeratins (CK) are intermediate filaments of epithelial cells, both in keratinizing tissue (ie., skin) and non-keratinizing cells (ie. mesothelial cells). Although not a traditional marker for endothelial cells, cytokeratins have also been found in some microvascular endothelial cells. Atleast 20 different cytokeratins (CK) in the molecular range of 40-70 kDa and isoelectric points of 5-8.5 can be identified using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin proteins can be useful markers for tumor identification and classification. Cytokeratin 18 is an acidic keratin which is found primarily in non-squamous epithelia and is present in a majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas but not in squamous cell carcinomas. Cytokeratin 18 exists in combination with Cytokeratin 8, a basic keratin. Hepatocellular carcinomas have been reportedly defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only Cytokeratins 8 and 18.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Sodium azide used as a preservative for laboratory reagents; a bacteriostatic agent in storage solutions. Inhibits gram negative flora so is therefore included in culture media for the selective isolation of Streptococci and Staphylococci. It has been used to avoid bacterial contamination during RPC-5 column chromatography of DNA fragments.
Catalyst for:
• Oxidative decarboxylation
• Michael addition reactions
Reagent for synthesis of
• Blue fluorescent copolymers
• Metal phosphonates
• Arenes via aminations
Involved in regioselective synthesis of prianosin B
It is also a useful probe reagent, mutagen, and preservative. In hospitals and laboratories, it is a biocide (A biocide is a chemical substance or microorganism which can deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism by chemical or biological means.)
Sodium Azide is an inhibitor of peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, galactose oxidase, catalase, haemoprotein enzymes and O2 evolution in photosynthesis. The mechanism of its inhibition and toxicity may be due to metal ion complexation and displacement from enzyme.

Supplier: Prosci

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily, and shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad54, a protein known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein has been shown to play a role in homologous recombination related repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The binding of this protein to double-strand DNA induces a DNA topological change, which is thought to facilitate homologous DNA paring, and stimulate DNA recombination. The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. The mutations of this gene are associated with an X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndrome most often accompanied by alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200kDa, identified as different members of the CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This antibody does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The antibody shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA+) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA+). CEA antibody positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.

Supplier: Prosci

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. This gene, a beta acidic group member, encodes two proteins (crystallin, beta A3 and crystallin, beta A1) from a single mRNA, the latter protein is 17 aa shorter than crystallin, beta A3 and is generated by use of an alternate translation initiation site. Deletion of exons 3 and 4 causes the autosomal dominant disease 'zonular cataract with sutural opacities'.

Supplier: Prosci

The antibody HEB-29 reacts with human blood group B. The specificity of the antibody HEB-29 was confirmed by comparison of specificity and reactivity to standard reagent using >5.000 samples of blood. mAb HEB-29 shows specific staining of erythrocytes and vascular epithelium of blood group B controls and no staining in group A controls. It is applicable for tissue staining in tumor patients with blood groups B and AB. Blood group antigens are generally defined as molecules formed by sequential addition of saccharides to the carbohydrate side chains of lipids and proteins detected on erythrocytes and certain epithelial cells. The A, B and H antigens are reported to undergo modulation during malignant cellular transformation. Blood group related antigens represent a group of carbohydrate determinants carried on both glycolipids and glycoproteins. They are usually mucin type, and are detected on erythrocytes, certain epithelial cells, and in secretions of certain individuals. Sixteen genetically and biosynthetically distinct but inter related specificities belong to this group of antigens, including A, B, H, Lewis A, Lewis B, Lewis X, Lewis Y, and precursor type 1 chain antigens.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes proteins of 33, 35 and 41kDa, which are identified as various isoforms of CD74/CLIP. Its epitope is localized in the extracellular domain of CD74. CD74/CLIP is a type II transmembrane protein which binds to the peptide binding groove of newly synthesized MHC class II alpha/beta heterodimers and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. The molecule plays a critical role in the presentation of peptides, by the MHC class II antigens, to CD4 positive lymphocytes. CD74/CLIP is expressed on MHC class II positive cells including B cells, a subset of activated T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells and by various types of carcinomas. It is expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells, such as B-lymphocytes (from before the pre-B cell stage to before the plasma cell stage), macrophages, and monocytes, and many epithelial cells. Anti-CD74/CLIP stains predominantly germinal center lymphocytes and B-cell lymphomas, but rarely T-cell lymphomas and has been shown to be useful in differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (-) from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (+).

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a sialoglycoprotein of 27-32kDa, identified as CD99, or MIC2 gene product, or E2 antigen. MIC2 gene is located in the pseudo-autosomal region of the human X and Y chromosome. MIC2 gene encodes two distinct proteins, which are produced by alternative splicing of the CD99 gene transcript and are identified as bands of 30 and 32kDa (p30/32). Although its function is not fully understood, CD99 is implicated in various cellular processes including homotypic aggregation of T cells, upregulation of T cell receptor and MHS molecules, apoptosis of immature thymocytes and leukocyte diapedesis. CD99 is expressed on the cell membrane of some lymphocytes, cortical thymocytes, and granulosa cells of the ovary. Most pancreatic islet cells, Sertoli cells of the testis, and some endothelial cells express this antigen. Mature granulocytes express very little or no CD99. MIC2 is strongly expressed on Ewing s sarcoma cells and primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a 47-55kDa-tumor suppressor protein, identified as Wilm's Tumor (WT1) protein. The antibody reacts with all isoforms of the full-length WT1 and also identifies WT1 lacking exon 2-encoded amino acids, frequently found in subsets of sporadic Wilm s tumors. WT1, a sporadic and familial pediatric kidney tumor, is genetically heterogeneous. Wilm s tumor is associated with mutations of WT1, a zinc-finger transcription factor that is essential for the development of the metanephric kidney and the urogenital system. The WT1 gene is normally expressed in fetal kidney and mesothelium, and its expression has been suggested as a marker for Wilm s tumor and mesothelioma. WT1 protein has been identified in proliferative mesothelial cells, malignant mesothelioma, ovarian carcinoma, gonadoblastoma, nephroblastoma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Lung adenocarcinomas rarely stain positive with this antibody. WT1 protein expression in mesothelial cells has become a reliable marker for the diagnosis of mesotheliomas.

Supplier: Prosci

Tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP70 is a tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates motility, adhesion and cytokine expression of mature T-cells, as well as thymocyte development. Contributes also to the development and activation of primary B-lymphocytes. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a serie of phosphorylations lead to the recruitment of ZAP70 to the doubly phosphorylated TCR component CD247/CD3Z through ITAM motif at the plasma membrane. This recruitment serves to localization to the stimulated TCR and to relieve its autoinhibited conformation. Release of ZAP70 active conformation is further stabilized by phosphorylation mediated by LCK. Subsequently, it phosphorylates at least 2 essential adapter proteins: LAT and LCP2. In turn, a large number of signaling molecules are recruited and ultimately lead to lymphokine production, T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, ZAP70 controls cytoskeleton modifications, adhesion and mobility of T-lymphocytes, thus ensuring correct delivery of effectors to the APC. [UniProt]

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Accurately measure pH, conductivity, and temperature with the Orion™ Star™ A325 pH/Conductivity Portable Meter for high performance in challenging field tests.

Supplier: Peprotech

TGF-β family members are key modulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and apoptosis. As implied by their name, BMPs initiate, promote, and regulate the development, growth, and remodeling of bone and cartilage. In addition to this role, BMPs are also involved in prenatal development and postnatal growth, remodeling, and maintenance of a variety of other tissues and organs. Increasing evidence indicates that BMP-Smad signaling has a tumor suppressing activity, and that BMPs can inhibit tumor growth. BMP-6 is abnormally expressed in breast cancer cell lines, however, its function in promoting breast cancer development is unknown. The mature and functional form of BMP-6 is a homodimer of two identical 139 amino acid polypeptide chains linked by a single disulfide bond. Each monomer is expressed as the C-terminal part of a precursor polypeptide, which contains a 20 amino acid signal peptide and a 354 amino acid propeptide. This precursor undergoes intracellular dimerization, and upon secretion it is processed by a furin-type protease. Recombinant Human BMP-6 is a 26.2 kDa homodimeric glycoprotein consisting of two 117 amino acid subunits, which correspond to amino acid residues 397 to 513 of the full-length BMP-6 precursor.

Supplier: Prosci

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA4 is a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and of proximal renal tubules. Its exact function is not known, however, it may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport.Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CA IV is a glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored membrane isozyme expressed on the luminal surfaces of pulmonary (and certain other) capillaries and of proximal renal tubules. Its exact function is not known, however, it may have a role in inherited renal abnormalities of bicarbonate transport.

Supplier: Prosci

The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kDa. RFC3 is the 38 kDa subunit. This subunit is essential for the interaction between the 140 kDa subunit and the core complex that consists of the 36, 37, and 40 kDa subunits.The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the accessory proteins proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also named activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 140, 40, 38, 37, and 36 kD. This gene encodes the 38 kD subunit. This subunit is essential for the interaction between the 140 kD subunit and the core complex that consists of the 36, 37, and 40 kD subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

IL-1 beta (also known as Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1ß and catabolin) is produced by activated macrophages. IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. IL-1ß is a monomeric secreted protein that may be released by damaged cells or is secreted by a mechanism differing from that used for other secretory proteins. Anti-IL-1 beta antibody is ideal for investigators involved in Cardiovascular and Immunology research.

Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. In synergy with other cytokines such as stem cell factor, IL-3, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, it also stimulates erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Barreda et al.). GM-CSF is produced by multiple cell types, including stromal cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and Th1 and Th17 T cells (Francisco-Cruz et al.). The receptor for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) is composed of two subunits: the cytokine-specific α subunit (GMRα; CD116) and the common subunit βc (CD131) shared with IL-3 and IL-5 receptors (Broughton et al.). GM-CSFR is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including progenitor cells and immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) promotes the production of myeloid cells of the granulocytic (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytic lineages in vivo. It has been tested for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells and used to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the development of DCs that ingest, process, and present antigens to the immune system (Francisco-Cruz et al.).

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes full-length MUC1/Mucin-1/Epithelial Marker Antigen/EMA in a glycosylation-independent manner and can bind to the fully glycosylated protein. The dominant epitope of this mAb is APDTR in the VNTR region. It reacts with the core peptide of the MUC1 protein, which is a member of a family of mucin glycoproteins that are characterized by high carbohydrate content, O-linked oligosaccharides, high molecular weight (>200kDa) and an amino acid composition rich in serine, threonine, proline and glycine. The core protein contains a domain of 20 amino-acid tandem repeats that functions as multiple epitopes for the mAb. Incomplete glycosylation of some tumor-associated mucins may lead to variable unmasking of the multiple peptide epitopes leading to the observed differences in staining intensity between normal and malignant tissues. This mAb reacts with both normal and malignant epithelia of various tissues including breast and colon.

Supplier: Prosci

ACTH (or Corticotropin) is a 39 amino acid active peptide produced by the anterior pituitary. This mAb is specific to CLIP (aa 25-39) and does not react with Synacthen (aa 1-24). POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin or corticotropin-lipotropin) is a 267 amino acid polypeptide hormone precursor that goes through extensive, tissue-specific posttranslational processing by convertases. POMC is cleaved into ten hormone chains named NPP, ACTH, alpha-MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), beta-MSH, gamma-MSH, CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediary peptide), Lipotropin-beta, Lipotropin-gamma, beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. ACTH is also produced by cells of immune system (T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages) in response to stimuli associated with stress. Anti-ACTH is a useful marker in classification of pituitary tumors and the study of pituitary disease. It reacts with ACTH-producing cells (corticotrophs). It also may react with other tumors (e.g. some small cell carcinomas of the lung) causing paraneoplastic syndromes by secreting ACTH.

Supplier: Prosci

Cyclin B1 (CCNB1) is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene product complexes with p34 (Cdk1) to form the maturation-promoting factor (MPF). Cyclin B1 contributes to the switch-like all or none behavior of the cell in deciding to commit to mitosis. Its activation is well-regulated, and positive feedback loops ensure that once the CCNB1-Cdk1 complex is activated, it is not deactivated. CCNB1-Cdk1 is involved in the early events of mitosis, such as chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and spindle pole assembly. Once activated, CCNB1-Cdk1 promotes several of the events of early mitosis. The active complex phosphorylates and activates 13S condensin, which helps to condense chromosomes. Another important function of the complex is to break down the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is a membranous structure containing large protein complexes supported by a network of nuclear lamins. Phosphorylation of the lamins by CCBN1-Cdk1 causes them to dissociate, compromising the structural integrity of the nuclear envelope so that it breaks down. The destruction of the nuclear envelope is important because it allows the mitotic spindle to access the chromosomes. [Wiki]

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a protein of 47-55kDa, which is identified as FOXP3. Its precise epitope is not known, but it has been mapped to the N-terminal portion of the protein. The FOX family of transcription factors is a large group of proteins that share a common DNA binding domain termed a winged-helix or forkhead domain. During early development, FOXP1 and FOXP2 are expressed abundantly in the lung, with lower levels of expression in neural, intestinal and cardiovascular tissues, where they act as transcription repressors. FOXP1 is widely expressed in adult tissues, while neoplastic cells often exhibit a dramatic change in expression level or localization of FOXP1. Mutations in FOXP3 gene cause IPEX, a fatal, X-linked inherited disorder characterized by immune dysregulation. The FOXP3 protein is essential for normal immune homeostasis. Specifically, FOXP3 represses transcription through a DNA binding forkhead domain, thereby regulating T cell activation.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb is specific to heavy chain of IgA and shows minimal cross-reaction with heavy chains of other immunoglobulins. It is reactive with all subclasses of Alpha heavy chain. Immunoglobulins are four-chain, Y-shaped, monomeric structures comprised of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains held together through inter-chain disulfide bonds. The chains form two domains, the Fab (antigen binding) fragment and the Fc (constant) fragment. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main protein of the mucosal immune system. It is generated by B-cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Daily production of IgA exceeds that of any of the other immunoglobulins. IgA exists mainly in dimers but can also exist as polymers or as monomers. Dimers and polymers contain a joining (J) chain that can be bound by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) for transportation of the molecule to mucosal surfaces. The most common feature of plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin s lymphomas is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.

Supplier: Labconco

Enclosures provide a controlled environment in which to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures

Supplier: Sartorius

These MCE series essential user interface balances have a large, high-contrast touch display with factory-installed essential weighing applications for easy operation.

Supplier: Zymo Research

The ZymoPURE™ Filter Plate can be used with centrifuges and vacuum manifolds for the rapid clarification of bacterial lysates.

Supplier: Prosci

At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. CD1a antibody labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibody against TTF-1 and CD5, CD1a antibody is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. antibody to CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes an extracellular epitope of an integral membrane glycoprotein of 150kDa, identified as CD13. This antigen is present on most cells of myeloid origin including granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells, and GM-progenitor cells. It is also expressed by the majority of AML, CML in myeloid blast crisis, and in a smaller fraction of lymphoid leukemias. It is absent from normal lymphocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. CD13 is also present on fibroblasts; endothelial cells, epithelial cells from renal proximal tubules and intestinal brush border, bone marrow stromal cells, osteoclasts, and cells lining bile duct canaliculi. CD13 is identical to aminopeptidase N (APN), a prominent membrane-bound metalloprotease present on the surface of intestinal brush border and renal tubules. CD13 plays a role in metabolism of biologically active peptides, in phagocytosis, and in bactericidal/tumoricidal activities. It also serves as a receptor for human coronaviruses (HCV). The lineage-restricted pattern of expression of CD13 within the hemopoietic compartment suggests that it may be important in myeloid cell differentiation.