Supplier: Prosci

NFKB has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NFKB is activated by a wide variety of stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-kappa-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-kappa-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth.

Supplier: Prosci

The Ras pathway is a critical signal transduction cascade involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, and oncogenic transformation. Members of the Raf serine/threonine kinase family are key intermediates in this cascade, functioning to relay signals from activated Ras to the downstream protein kinases MEK and ERK (Marshall, 1996). Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation is required for Raf-1 activation (Dhillon and Kolch, 2002; Chong et al., 2003). Recent work has demonstrated that phosphorylation also regulates the downregulation of Raf (Dougherty et al., 2005) with two sites participating: Ser301 and Ser642.

Supplier: Genetex

Recently a BH3 only member of the Bcl2 family has been identified in human and mouse and designated as Noxa (for damage). The expression of the Noxa gene involves direct activation of its promoter by p53. Increased expression of Noxa protein occurs in normal thymocytes but not in p53 deficient thymocytes. Noxa cDNA codes for a 103 amino acid protein. The co-immunoprecipitation data suggest that Noxa protein may interact with proteins belonging to the Bcl2 family, such as, BclXL and Mcl1. It has also been shown that blocking the endogenous Noxa induction results in the suppression of apoptosis. Treatment of cells with Noxa antisense oligonucleotides blocks radiation induced apoptosis suggesting that Noxa may represent a mediator of p53 dependent apoptosis.

Supplier: Proteintech

STAT5B belongs to the transcription factor STAT family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. STAT5B carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. STAT5B mediates the signal transduction triggered by various cell ligands, such as IL2, IL4, CSF1, and different growth hormones. It has been shown to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as TCR signaling, apoptosis, adult mammary gland development, and sexual dimorphism of liver gene expression. This antibody is a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against residues near the N terminus of human STAT5B.

Supplier: Prosci

HOXB4 is a member of the Antp homeobox family and is a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. The protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion.This gene is a member of the Antp homeobox family and encodes a nuclear protein with a homeobox DNA-binding domain. It is included in a cluster of homeobox B genes located on chromosome 17. The encoded protein functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in development. Intracellular or ectopic expression of this protein expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic stem cell expansion.

Supplier: Adipogen

ABT-737 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-w, with an affinity two to three orders of magnitude more potent than previously reported compounds. Mechanistic studies reveal that ABT-737 does not directly initiate the apoptotic process, but enhances the effects of death signals, displaying synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutics and radiation. ABT-737 exhibits single-agent-mechanism-based killing of cells from lymphoma and small-cell lung carcinoma lines, as well as primary patient-derived cells, and in animal models, ABT-737 improves survival, causes regression of established tumors, and produces cures in a high percentage of the mice. ABT-737 binds to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w with very high affinities (Ki 1 nM) and also shows a very high specificity over Mcl-1 and A1.

Supplier: Adipogen

IL-36alpha (IL-1F6), IL-36beta (IL-1F8) and IL-36gamma (IL-1F9) bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1 and are inhibited by IL-36Ra. The expression of IL-36 cytokines has been shown to occur at different sites including the lung and skin and can be derived from diverse cell types including keratinocytes, bronchial epithelium as well as macrophages, monocytes and different T cell subsets. IL-36 family members induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-23 in BMDC and CD4 T cells. Skin and dendritic cells are targets of the IL-36 interleukins leading to a Th1 response. These cytokines may represent potential targets for immune-mediated inflammatory conditions or, alternatively, could be used as adjuvants in vaccination.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

A fast homogeneous, fluorometric method for estimating the number of non-viable cells present in multiwell plates. Based on detection of LDH release, an indicator of cytotoxicity.

Supplier: Bioss

MAPK10 (JNK3) is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This protein is a neuron-specific form of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Through its phosphorylation and nuclear localization, this kinase plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways of neuronal apoptosis. Beta-arrestin 2, a receptor-regulated MAP kinase scaffold protein, is found to interact with and stimulate the phosphorylation of this kinase by MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4). Cyclin-dependent kianse 5 (CDK5) can phosphorylate and inhibit the activity of this kinase, which may be important in preventing neuronal apoptosis. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Supplier: Prosci

Rift Valley Fever Virus Polymerase Antibody: Rift Valley Fever (RFV) virus is an arthropod-borne virus endemic to Africa that infects humans and animals that is transmitted predominantly by mosquitoes. During human infections, symptoms can range from benign fever to severe encephalitis and fatal hepatitis with hemorrhagic fever. The Bunyaviridae family of viruses to which the RVF virus belongs are spherical enveloped viruses with a tripartite RNA genome of negative or ambisense polarity. The three segments are referred to as the L, M, and S segments. The L and M segments are negative polarity and code fore the L-dependent RNA polymerase and glycoprotein precursor respectively. The S segment is of ambisense polarity and encodes the nucleoprotein and non-structural proteins.

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

1. Ubiquitinylation of specific endogenous HeLa lysate proteins, followed by their immediate detection/analysis using antibodies to the protein/s of interest, indicating a particular protein is a substrate for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. 2. Ubiquitinylation of proteins of interest contained in exogenously added expression culture/cell extracts or tissue lysates/extracts, followed by their immediate detection/analysis or isolation/purification for use in subsequent experiments. 3. Modification of proteins using ubiquitin derivatives or mutants for improved detection/analysis or investigation of alternative (non-proteasomal) ubiquitin related pathways in subsequent experiments. For example, biotinylated-ubiquitin (Prod. No. BML-UW8705), for sensitive detection

Supplier: Prosci

Keratin 18 is a type I cytokeratin. It is, together with its filament partner keratin 8, perhaps the most commonly found products of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Keratin 18 is often used together with keratin 8 and keratin 19 to differentiate cells of epithelial origin from hematopoietic cells in tests that enumerate circulating tumor cells in blood. [Wiki]

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

Collapsin-response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are highly expressed in the developing brain where they play major roles in axonal outgrowth, neurite differentiation, and apoptosis. Their continued expression in areas of high synaptic remodeling such as the cerebellum, hippocampus, and the olfactory system suggests that these proteins may also be involved in adult brain plasticity. CRMP-1 was initially identified as a dihydro-pyrimidinase expressed exclusively in brain; later studies have shown that it is involved with neurotrophin (NT) 3-induced neurite formation and outgrowth. CRMP-1 localization switches from axonal to somatodendritic when neurons reach functional maturity, suggesting that it is involved in early neuronal differentiation as well as in later processes related to the survival or death of the newly generated neurons.

Supplier: Promega Corporation

TGF beta R1 is a member of the TGF beta receptor subfamily and is a ser/thr protein kinase that forms a heteromeric complex with type II TGF-beta receptors when bound to TGF-beta, transducing the TGF beta signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm.

Supplier: Prosci

Interleukin-33 (IL-33; HF-NEV; IL-1F11), a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is expressed by many cell types following pro-inflammatory stimulation and is thought to be released on cell lysis. The 30kDa human IL33 is converted by CASP1 to a 18kDa protein. IL33 binds to and signals through ST2 (IL1R1) and its stimulation recruits MYD88, IRAK, IRAK4, and TRAF6, followed by phosphorylation of ERK1 (MAPK3)/ERK2 (MAPK1), p38 (MAPK14), and JNK. The ability of IL-33 to target numerous immune cell types, like Th2-like cells, mast cells, and B1 cells, and to induce cytokine and chemokine production underlines its potential in influencing the outcome of a wide range of diseases, such as arthritis, asthma, atopic allergy & anaphylaxis, cardiovascular disease/atherosclerosis, nervous system diseases, and sepsis.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The fragmentation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The activities of caspase and nuclease are involved in the DNA fragmentation. Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), also termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF40), is one such nuclease, and is capable of inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 of its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45. Caspase and CAD independent DNA fragmentation also exists. Recent studies demonstrated that another nuclease, endonuclease G (EndoG), is specifically activated by apoptotic stimuli and is able to induce nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA independently of caspase and DFF/CAD. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus and cleaves chromatin DNA during apoptosis. The homologue of mammalian EndoG is the first mitochondrial protein identified to be involved in apoptosis in C. elegans . EndoG also cleaves DNA in vitro.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The fragmentation of nuclear DNA is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. The activities of caspase and nuclease are involved in the DNA fragmentation. Caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease (CAD), also termed DNA fragmentation factor (DFF40), is one such nuclease, and is capable of inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation after cleavage by caspase-3 of its inhibitor ICAD/DFF45. Caspase and CAD independent DNA fragmentation also exists. Recent studies demonstrated that another nuclease, endonuclease G (EndoG), is specifically activated by apoptotic stimuli and is able to induce nucleosomal fragmentation of DNA independently of caspase and DFF/CAD. EndoG is a mitochondrion-specific nuclease that translocates to the nucleus and cleaves chromatin DNA during apoptosis. The homologue of mammalian EndoG is the first mitochondrial protein identified to be involved in apoptosis in C. elegans . EndoG also cleaves DNA in vitro.

Supplier: Peprotech

Fetuin A/AHSG is a human plasma glycoprotein belonging to the Cystatin family of protease inhibitors. It is highly expressed in embryonic cells and adult hepatocytes, and is expressed to a lesser extent in monocytes/macrophages. Fetuin A/AHSG is a major serum protein component that exerts various calcium-dependent physiological activities, and can mediate growth signaling in certain tumor cells. It also can act as a natural antagonist against specific TGF-β and BMP signaling proteins. Recombinant Human Fetuin A is a heterodimeric protein containing a 282 amino acid A chain and a 27 amino acid B chain. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Human Fetuin A/AHSG is 32.9 kDa. Due to glycosylation, Recombinant Human Fetuin A/AHSG migrates at an apparent molecular weight of 45–55 kDa by SDS-PAGE run under non-reducing conditions.

Supplier: Peprotech

Wnt-1 is a secreted protein that signals through the Frizzled family of cell surface receptors, and is required for normal embryonic development. Wnt-1 activation induces a complex signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the increased expression of over fifty genes. An important component of Wnt-1 signaling is the stabilization, and resulting accumulation, of the intracellular signaling protein, β-catenin. Wnt signaling induces and maintains the transformed phenotype, and, in certain embryonic cell lines, supports self-renewal in the absence of significant differentiation. Elevated levels of Wnt proteins are associated with tumorigenesis, and are present in numerous human breast cancers. Mature human Wnt-1 is a glycosylated protein containing 343 amino acid residues. Recombinant Human Wnt-1 is a 38.4 kDa, non-glycosylated protein containing 343 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Peprotech

APRIL, a member of the TNF superfamily, is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, certain transformed cell lines, certain cancers of the colon, and lymphoid tissues. APRIL, along with another TNF family member, BAFF, competes for two receptors, TACI and BCMA. APRIL has the ability to stimulate proliferation of various tumor cell lines, including Jurkat T cells and MCF-7 carcinoma cells. Like BAFF, APRIL also stimulates the proliferation of B and T cells. The human APRIL gene codes for at least four alternatively spliced transcriptional variants, which give rise to different isoforms of the APRIL precursor protein. All isoforms can be cleaved by the protease, furin, to release a soluble C-terminal fragment, which comprises the TNF-like receptor binding of the APRIL precursor. Recombinant Human APRIL is a soluble 16.3 kDa protein, consisting of 146 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Peprotech

SCF is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity by signaling through the c-Kit receptor. SCF and c-Kit are essential for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells committed to the melanocyte and germ cell lineages. Human SCF manifests low activity on murine cells, while murine and rat SCF are fully active on human cells. The human SCF gene encodes for a 273 amino acid transmembrane protein, which contains a 25 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence, a 189 amino acid extracellular domain, a 23 amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 36 amino acid cytoplasmic domain. The secreted soluble form of SCF is generated by proteolytic processing of the membrane anchored precursor. Recombinant Rat SCF is an 18.4 kDa polypeptide containing 165 amino acid residues, which corresponds to the sequence of the secreted soluble form of SCF.

Supplier: Peprotech

SDF-1α and β are stromal-derived, CXC chemokines that signal through the CXCR4 receptor. SDF-1α and β chemoattract B and T cells, and have been shown to induce migration of CD34+ stem cells. Additionally, the SDF-1 proteins exert HIV-suppressive activity in cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor. Human and murine SDF-1 proteins act across species. SDF-1α and β contain the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines. The mature SDF-1β protein, produced by an N-terminal truncation of two additional amino acids, after removal of the signal sequence, contains 72 amino acid residues. Recombinant Rat SDF-1β (CXCL12) is an 8.4 kDa protein containing 72 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Peprotech

SDF-1α and β are stromal-derived, CXC chemokines that signal through the CXCR4 receptor. SDF-1α and β chemoattract B and T cells, and have been shown to induce migration of CD34+ stem cells. Additionally, the SDF-1 proteins exert HIV-suppressive activity in cells expressing the CXCR4 receptor. Human and murine SDF-1 proteins act across species. SDF-1α and β contain the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines. The mature SDF-1β protein, produced by an N-terminal trucation of two additional amino acids, after removal of the signal sequence, contains 72 amino acid residues. Recombinant Human SDF-1β (CXCL12) is an 8.5 kDa protein containing 72 amino acid residues.

Supplier: Cytiva

Sera-Mag Oligo(dT)-Coated Magnetic Particles enable convenient mRNA isolation and extraction. Sera-Mag Oligo(dT) Magnetic Particles bind target mRNA through pairing of the polyadenylated RNA tail found on the 3’ end of mRNA to the covalently bound oligo(dT) groups on the surface of the particles. This binding is easily accomplished using standard hybridisation conditions. Versatile and efficient methods for mRNA purification are critical, given that eukaryotic mRNA makes up only 1 to 3% of total cellular RNA. Sera-Mag Oligo(dT) Magnetic Particles remove 90% or more of mRNA from total RNA with just one extraction.

Supplier: Adipogen

Kinases, such as LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2), have been identified as participating in signal pathways affecting actin dynamics by deactivating cofilin. Over expression of LMK1 has been found in invasive breast and prostate cancer cell lines and suppression of LIMK 2 expression has been found to limit migration of human fibrosarcoma cells. Thus, the inhibition of LIMK1 and/or LIMK2 enzymes have been suggested as targets for treating cancer, including reduction or prevention of metastasis. BMS-5 is a potent inhibitor of the LIM kinase. It has IC(50) values of 7nM and 8nM for LIMK1 and LIMK2 respectively. LIMK1/2 activity was measured via TCA precipitation assay using a biotinylated ADF (actin depolymization factor) as the protein substrate and the kinase domains of LIMK1 and LIMK2 as the enzyme sources in the presence of 1µM ATP.

Supplier: Eagle Biosciences

Swine IFN Gamma EIA detect Swine Interferon Gamma concentrations in cell culture, serum, and plasma.

Supplier: Eagle Biosciences

Vaspin ELISA is to be used in the determination of the Vaspin in the serum samples.

Supplier: Hamilton

The Hamilton PRP™-C18 HPLC column is designed to provide high-efficiency, reversed-phase separations over an extended column life in nearly any mobile phase or pH.

Supplier: YSI

YSI's EcoSense® product line of compact, handheld instruments includes the pH100A pH meter. For simple, one handed operation for pH readings or mV values and temperature the pH100A is a logical choice. Designed specifically for spot sampling applications, the pH100A meter will fill the need for simple, one-handed operation instrumentation.

Supplier: Prosci

The Fibronectin dimer consists of two disulfide linked monomers of approximately 220 kD, and is present in cells, extracellular matrix, and blood. It possesses at least four binding sites for collagen, glycosaminoglycans, transglutaminase, and a cell surface receptor. Fibronectin is involved in cell adhesion, tissue organization, and wound healing. It accumulates at the site of injury and, along with fibrin, forms a blood clot to stop bleeding and protect damaged tissue.

The HFN7.1 Fibronectin antibody is directed against the peptide core and reacts with both the plasma and cellular forms. The antibody blocks the fibronectin-mediated cell attachment not by disrupting the collagen-fibronectin interaction, but by interfering with the attachment of fibronectin to its receptor on the cell surface.