123598 Results for: "CAFRAMO+LTD+CA&pageNo=10"

Supplier: Prosci

STAT1 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Reliably measure pH, conductivity and temperature with the Orion™ Star™ A215 pH/Conductivity Benchtop Meter for advanced laboratory analysis and interfacing.

Supplier: Labconco

Enclosures provide a controlled environment in which to perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures

Supplier: Prosci

Villin (VIL1) is an epithelial cell-specific Ca2+-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the intestinal epithelial cell morphology, cell invasion, cell migration and apoptosis. Protects against apoptosis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Appears to regulate cell death by maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Enhances hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial cell motility, chemotaxis and wound repair. Upon S.flexneri cell infection, its actin-severing activity enhances actin-based motility of the bacteria and plays a role during the dissemination. [UniProt]

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the cytoplasm of mature granulocytes. It shows no reactivity with any other cell types. Markers of myeloid cells are useful in the identification of different levels of cellular differentiation. It reacts with early precursor and mature forms of myeloid cells. It is useful for the detection of myeloid leukemias and granulocytic sarcomas. It can be used as a marker of granulocytes in normal tissues or inflammatory processes.G-CSF is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences differentiation, proliferation and activation of the neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. The human G-CSF cDNA encodes a 207 amino acid precursor containing a 29 amino acid signal peptide that is proteolytically cleaved to form a 178 amino acid residue mature protein. Two G-CSF's, which are identical except for a three amino acid deletion in the amino-terminus of one form of the protein have been isolated from human cells. Murine and human G-CSF's share 73% sequence identity at the amino acid level.

Supplier: Prosci

This antibody recognizes a protein of 33-37kDa, identified as CD20 (Workshop V; Code CD20.12). The antibody recognizes the extracellular domain of the protein. The epitope is similar to or identical to that recognized by other CD20 antibodies including Leu-16 and B1. This antibody can be used for immunophenotyping of leukemia and malignant cells, B lymphocyte detection in peripheral blood, Bcell localization in tissues and B lymphocyte purification by immunosorbent methods. CD20 is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of Bcells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic Bcells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. It is expressed by pre Bcells and persists during all stages of Bcell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Protein passes through the membrane 4 times with both ends in cytoplasm and exposes one short and one longer loop to the external environment. CD20 is not glycosylated in resting Bcells and its cytoplasmic domains are differentially phosphorylated upon activation. It acts as a calcium channel involved in Bcell activation and cell cycle progression.

Supplier: Sartorius

These MCE series essential user interface balances have a large, high-contrast touch display with factory-installed essential weighing applications for easy operation.

Supplier: Prosci

AGER mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. It is receptor for amyloid beta peptide.This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. It is a receptor for various molecules, including the amyloidogenic form of serum amyloid A, amyloid-beta protein, members of the S100/calgranulin superfamily and advanced glycation end products. The gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. It is a receptor for various molecules, including the amyloidogenic form of serum amyloid A, amyloid-beta protein, members of the S100/calgranulin superfamily and advanced glycation end products. The gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Supplier: Zymo Research

The ZymoPURE™ Filter Plate can be used with centrifuges and vacuum manifolds for the rapid clarification of bacterial lysates.

Supplier: Prosci

A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with RituximAb (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Prosci

Anti-PNL2 is a novel monoclonal antibody, which has recently been introduced as an immunohistochemical reagent to stain melanocytes and tumors derived therefrom. The antigen recognized by PNL2 is different from Melan A and gp100. Its epitope is not destroyed by digestion with neuraminidase i.e. its epitope id not glycosylated. Anti-PNL2 may be most useful because of its high sensitivity for metastatic melanoma (87%), as opposed to 76% for anti-HMB45 and 82% for anti-MART-1. Anti-PNL2 labels intra-epidermal nevi while the dermal component of compound nevi are largely non-reactive with anti-PNL2. Antibodies against PNL2, MART-1 (Melan A) and HMB45 stain most clear cell sarcoma cells and a few cells in angio-myolipomas and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Anti-PNL2 is a useful antibody for the identification of melanomas and clear cell sarcomas. Differential diagnosis is aided by the results from a panel of antibodies, including antibodies against HMB45, MART-1, tyrosinase, and MiTF.

Supplier: Prosci

A disulphide-linked heterodimer, consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with Rituximab (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Prosci

This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This mAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This mAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

Supplier: Prosci

Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that also includes MyoD, Myf-5, and MRF4 (also known as herculinor Myf-6). MyoD family members are expressed exclusively in skeletal muscle and play a key role in activating myogenesis by binding to enhancer sequences of muscle-specific genes. The regulatory domain of MyoD is approximately 70 amino acids in length and includes both a basic DNA binding motif and a bHLH dimerization motif. MyoD family members share about 80% amino acid homology in their bHLH motifs. Anti-myogenin labels the nuclei of myoblasts in developing muscle tissue, and is expressed in tumor cell nuclei of rhabdomyosarcoma and some leiomyosarcomas. Positive nuclear staining may occur in Wilms tumor.

Supplier: Prosci

ACTH (same as Corticotropin) is a 39 amino acid active peptide produced by the anterior pituitary. This mAb is specific to Synacthen (aa1-24 of ACTH); does not react with CLIP (aa17-39 of ACTH). POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin or corticotropin-lipotropin) is a 267 amino acid polypeptide hormone precursor that goes through extensive, tissue-specific posttranslational processing by convertases. POMC is cleaved into ten hormone chains named NPP, ACTH, alpha-MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), beta-MSH, gamma-MSH, CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediary peptide), Lipotropin-beta, Lipotropin-gamma, beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin. ACTH is also produced by cells of immune system (T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages) in response to stimuli associated with stress. Anti-ACTH is a useful marker in classification of pituitary tumors and the study of pituitary disease. It reacts with ACTH-producing cells (corticotrophs). It also may react with other tumors (e.g. some small cell carcinomas of the lung) causing paraneoplastic syndromes by secreting ACTH.

Supplier: Prosci

This gene is a member of the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3GalT) gene family. This family encodes type II membrane-bound glycoproteins with diverse enzymatic functions using different donor substrates (UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) and different acceptor sugars (N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine). The beta3GalT genes are distantly related to the Drosophila Brainiac gene and have the protein coding sequence contained in a single exon. The beta3GalT proteins also contain conserved sequences not found in the beta4GalT or alpha3GalT proteins. The carbohydrate chains synthesized by these enzymes are designated as type 1, whereas beta4GalT enzymes synthesize type 2 carbohydrate chains. The ratio of type 1:type 2 chains changes during embryogenesis. By sequence similarity, the beta3GalT genes fall into at least two groups: beta3GalT4 and 4 other beta3GalT genes (beta3GalT1-3, beta3GalT5). This gene encodes the most probable candidate for synthesis of the type 1 Lewis antigens which are frequently found to be elevated in gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is inactive with N-linked glycoproteins and functions in mucin glycosylation. Five transcript variants have been described which differ in the 5' UTR. All transcript variants encode an identical protein.

Supplier: Prosci

It recognizes a polypeptide of 6.5kDa, identified as pS2 estrogen-regulated protein. Its epitope is localized between aa57-84 of human pS2 protein. pS2 is a trefoil peptide. Trefoil peptides are protease resistant molecules secreted throughout the gut that play a role in mucosal healing. These peptides contain three intra-chain disulfide bonds, forming the trefoil motif, or P-domain. pS2 is known to form dimers and this dimerization is thought to play a role in its protective and healing properties. About 60% of breast carcinomas are positive for pS2. Staining is cytoplasmic, often with localization to the Golgi apparatus. pS2 is shown to be localized in normal stomach mucosa, gastric fluid, goblet cells in the colon and small intestine, and in ulcerations of the gastrointestinal tract. Several studies have shown that pS2 is primarily expressed in estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors and it may define a subset of estrogen-dependent tumors that displays an increased likelihood of response to endocrine therapy.

Supplier: Prosci

This mAb recognizes an extracellular epitope of an integral membrane glycoprotein of 150kDa, identified as CD13. This antigen is present on most cells of myeloid origin including granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells, and GM-progenitor cells. It is also expressed by the majority of AML, CML in myeloid blast crisis, and in a smaller fraction of lymphoid leukemias. It is absent from normal lymphocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. CD13 is also present on fibroblasts; endothelial cells, epithelial cells from renal proximal tubules and intestinal brush border, bone marrow stromal cells, osteoclasts, and cells lining bile duct canaliculi. CD13 is identical to aminopeptidase N (APN), a prominent membrane-bound metalloprotease present on the surface of intestinal brush border and renal tubules. CD13 plays a role in metabolism of biologically active peptides, in phagocytosis, and in bactericidal/tumoricidal activities. It also serves as a receptor for human coronaviruses (HCV). The lineage-restricted pattern of expression of CD13 within the hemopoietic compartment suggests that it may be important in myeloid cell differentiation.

Supplier: Prosci

At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. CD1a antibody labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibody against TTF-1 and CD5, CD1a antibody is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. antibody to CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Supplier: Prosci

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, causing a hyperpolarization of the membrane through the opening of a Cl- channel associated with the GABAA-Receptor (GABAA-R) subtype. GABAA-Rs are important therapeutic targets for a range of sedative, anxiolytic, and hypnotic agents and are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. The GABAA-R is a multimeric subunit complex. To date six alphas, four betas and four gammas, plus alternative splicing variants of some of these subunits, have been identified. Injection in oocytes or mammalian cell lines of cRNA coding for alpha and beta subunits results in the expression of functional GABAA-Rs sensitive to GABA. However, coexpression of a gamma subunit is required for benzodiazepine modulation. The various effects of the benzodiazepines in brain may also be mediated via different alpha subunits of the receptor. Lastly, phosphorylation of beta subunits of the receptor has been shown to modulate GABAA-R function.

Supplier: Eppendorf

Shake more. Shake faster. The temperature-controlled (refrigerated or non-refrigerated) Eppendorf Innova S44i shaker can fit up to twice as many flasks as other shakers and is ready to reliably support high-yield expression protocols at high speeds. The Eppendorf X-Drive maintains smooth shaking for more reproducible results.

Supplier: Enzo Life Sciences

The proteasome is widely recognised as the central enzyme of non-lysosomal protein degradation. It is responsible for intracellular protein turnover and it is also critically involved in many regulatory processes and, in higher eukaryotes, in antigen processing. The 26S proteasome is the key enzyme of the ubiquitin/ATP-dependent pathway of protein degradation. The catalytic core of this unusually large (2000kDa, 450Å in length) complex is formed by the 20S proteasome, a barrel shaped structure shown by electron microscopy to comprise of four rings each containing seven subunits.  Based on sequence similarity, all fourteen 20S proteasomal subunit sequences may be classified into two groups, α and β, each group having distinct structural and functional roles. The α-subunits comprise the outer rings and the β-subunits the inner rings of the 20S proteasome. Observations of the eukaryotic proteasome and analysis of subunit sequences indicate that each ring contains seven different subunits (α7β7β7α7) with a member of each sub-family represented in each particle. Each subunit is located in a unique position within the α- or β-rings. Lmp2, Lmp7 and MECL are interferon gamma-inducible catalytic subunits of the 20S proteasome which may replace the constitutive catalytic subunits, delta, X and Z respectively, during proteasome biogenesis. Lmp2 and Lmp7 alter the cleavage site specificity of the 20S proteasome and are required for the efficient generation of T cell epitopes from a number of viral proteins and for optimal MHC class I cell surface expression.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

The TrueBlot® Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Kit for DYKDDDDK (FLAG®) Epitope Tag contains the critical supporting reagents, buffers, and substrates for immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of samples containing the DYKDDDDK (FLAG®) Epitope Tag using TrueBlot® secondary antibody in conjunction with Rockland's Antibody for the detection of FLAG® conjugated proteins (MOUSE) Monoclonal Antibody.

Supplier: Prosci

Recognizes a sialoglycoprotein of 27-32kDa, identified as CD99, or MIC2 gene product, or E2 antigen. MIC2 gene is located in the pseudo-autosomal region of the human X and Y chromosome. MIC2 gene encodes two distinct proteins, which are produced by alternative splicing of the CD99 gene transcript and are identified as bands of 30 and 32kDa (p30/32). Although its function is not fully understood, CD99 is implicated in various cellular processes including homotypic aggregation of T cells, upregulation of T cell receptor and MHS molecules, apoptosis of immature thymocytes and leukocyte diapedesis. CD99 is expressed on the cell membrane of some lymphocytes, cortical thymocytes, and granulosa cells of the ovary. Most pancreatic islet cells, Sertoli cells of the testis, and some endothelial cells express this antigen. Mature granulocytes express very little or no CD99. It is strongly expressed on Ewing s sarcoma cells and primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors.

Supplier: Prosci

A disulphide-linked heterodimer consisting of mb-1 (or CD79a) and B29 (or CD79b) polypeptides, CD79 is non-covalently associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins on B cells. This complex of mb-1 and B29 polypeptides and immunoglobulin constitute the B cell Ag receptor. CD79a first appears at pre B cell stage, early in maturation, and persists until the plasma cell stage where it is found as an intracellular component. CD79a is found in the majority of acute leukemias of precursor B cell type, in B cell lines, B cell lymphomas, and in some myelomas. It is not present in myeloid or T cell lines. Anti-CD79a is generally used to complement anti-CD20 especially for mature B-cell lymphomas after treatment with RituximAb (anti-CD20). This antibody will stain many of the same lymphomas as anti-CD20, but also is more likely to stain B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia than is anti-CD20. Anti-CD79a also stains more cases of plasma cell myeloma and occasionally some types of endothelial cells as well.

Supplier: Prosci

Pax genes contain paired domains with strong homology to genes in Drosophila, which are involved in programming early development. Lesions in the Pax-6 gene account for most cases of aniridia, a congenital malformation of the eye, chiefly characterized by iris hypoplasia, which can cause blindness. Pax-6 is involved in other anterior segment malformations besides aniridia, such as Peters anomaly, a major error in the embryonic development of the eye with corneal clouding with variable iridolenticulocorneal adhesions. The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that recognizes target genes through its paired-type DNA-binding domain. The paired domain is composed of two distinct DNA-binding subdomains, the amino-terminal subdomain and the carboxy-terminal subdomain, which bind respective consensus DNA sequences. The human Pax-6 gene produces two alternatively spliced isoforms that have the distinct structure of the paired domain.

Supplier: Prosci

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG), first identified in the 1960s, derives its name from its precipitation from human plasma upon the addition of zinc salts. ZAG has since been found in secretory epithelial cells and in a range of body fluids. ZAG is identical to a lipid mobilizing factor isolated from the urine of patients with cancer cachexia and stimulates lipolysis in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Due to its expression in, and secretion from adipocytes, ZAG is considered an adipokine. Recently the clinical significance of ZAG has been clarified. ZAG expression in adipocytes is inversely related to fat mass, thus it is intimately involved in the maintenance of body weight in mice and humans. Epidemiological studies have uncovered an association between ZAG and plasma cholesterol. The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism rs4215 in ZAG is associated with plasma cholesterol and obesity. Structurally ZAG possesses a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein fold. It is distinct from other members of this protein family in that it is soluble, rather than being anchored to plasma membranes, and it associates with prolactin inducible protein rather than beta2-microglobulin. Similar to peptide antigen-presenting class I MHC molecules, ZAG possesses an open apical groove between its alpha1 and alpha2 domain helices.

Supplier: Prosci

EED is a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family. PcG family members form multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. This protein interacts with enhancer of zeste 2, the cytoplasmic tail of integrin beta7, immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) MA protein, and histone deacetylase proteins. This protein mediates repression of gene activity through histone deacetylation, and may act as a specific regulator of integrin function.This gene encodes a member of the Polycomb-group (PcG) family. PcG family members form multimeric protein complexes, which are involved in maintaining the transcriptional repressive state of genes over successive cell generations. This protein interacts with enhancer of zeste 2, the cytoplasmic tail of integrin beta7, immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) MA protein, and histone deacetylase proteins. This protein mediates repression of gene activity through histone deacetylation, and may act as a specific regulator of integrin function. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Supplier: Adipogen

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a costimulatory factor for production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to toxic shock and shares functional similarities with IL-12. IL-18 is synthesized as a precursor 24kDa molecule without a signal peptide and must be cleaved to produce an active molecule. IL-1 converting enzyme (ICE; Caspase-1) cleaves pro-IL-18 at aspartic acid in the P1 position, producing the mature, bioactive peptide that is readily released from the cells. It is reported that IL-18 is produced from Kupffer cells, activated macrophages, keratinocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, osteoblasts, adrenal cortex cells and murine diencephalon. IFN-gamma is produced by activated T or NK cells and plays critical roles in the defense against microbiral pathogens. IFN-gamma activates macrophages and enhances NK activity and B cell maturation, proliferation and Ig secretion. IFN-gamma also induces expression of MHC class I and II antigens and inhibits osteoclast activation. IL-18 acts on T helper type-1 (Th1) T cells and in combination with IL-12 strongly induces them to produce IFN-gamma. Pleiotropic effects of IL-18 have also been reported, such as enhancement production of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, production of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma in T cells and enhancement of Fas ligand expression by Th1 cells.

Supplier: Prosci

STAT1 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein can be activated by various ligands including interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, EGF, PDGF and IL6. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes, which is thought to be important for cell viability in response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.