Supplier: Electron Microscopy Sciences

A special mounting media for immunofluorescent staining procedures. It is a water soluble, non-fluorescing medium which is well suited for use when the staining procedure has an aqueous final step. It contains 10% polyvinyl alcohol in phosphate buffered glycerol with 0.1% sodium azide as a preservative.

Supplier: Labconco

Logic Class II, Type A2 Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs) offer comprehensive personnel, product and environmental protection from hazardous particulates, including risk group agents requiring BSL 1 to 4 containment. These cabinets are ideal for applications involving biological hazards, genetic material, antineoplastic drugs and other hazardous airborne particulates. All models ensure the highest standard of safety and performance.

Supplier: Bachem Americas

Eptifibatide, a RGD mimetic, is a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. Clinically, the peptide is used as an antiplatelet drug in combination with heparin and aspirin in the management of unstable angina and in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and stenting procedures. CAS Number (eptifibatide acetate): 148031-34-9. Offered under Bolar Exemption: All APIs that are sold for development of drug products still patent protected are offered under Bolar Exemption only. The following disclaimer applies: These products are offered and sold in small quantities only and solely for uses reasonably related to privileged trials and studies for obtaining marketing authorization required by law (Bolar Exemption). Bachem cannot be made liable for any infringement of intellectual property rights. It is the sole and only responsibility of the purchaser or user of these products to comply with the relevant national rules and regulations.

Supplier: Prosci

MTA1 encodes a protein that was identified in a screen for genes expressed in metastatic cells, specifically, mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines. Expression of this gene has been correlated with the metastatic potential of at least two types of carcinomas although it is also expressed in many normal tissues. The role it plays in metastasis is unclear. MTA1 was initially thought to be the 70kD component of a nucleosome remodeling deacetylase complex, NuRD, but it is more likely that this component is a different but very similar protein. These two proteins are so closely related, though, that they share the same types of domains. These domains include two DNA binding domains, a dimerization domain, and a domain commonly found in proteins that methylate DNA. The profile and activity of this gene product suggest that it is involved in regulating transcription and that this may be accomplished by chromatin remodeling.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The CD28.2 antibody reacts with human CD28, a 44 kDa type I surface glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The H57-597 antibody is specific for the beta chain of the mouse T cell Receptor (TCR). This cell surface protein combines with a second protein chain (alpha chain) to form the alpha-beta TCR that is expressed by NK1.1+ thymocytes, NKT cells, and the majority of peripheral T cells. A small number of T cells may express an alternative heteromer of gamma/delta protein chains, known as the g/d TCR. These receptors participate in a complex with CD3, and with the co-receptors CD4 or CD8, to recognize and respond to antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 145-2C11 antibody is specific for mouse CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The PK136 antibody is specific for mouse NK1.1, a type II transmembrane lectin-like receptor and member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family. NK1.1 is prominently expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, and is correlated with NK cytotoxic effects toward virus-infected cells and tumor cells. NK1.1 is expressed on subsets of NKT cells in certain mouse strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N, and NZB), yet absent from others (AKR, BALB/c, CBA/J, C3H, DBA/1, DBA/2, NOD, SJL, and 129). Putative subsets of NK cells and their expression of NK1.1 antigen are of continuing interest, including NK1.1+/CD117+ (c-Kit) cells reported to be immunosuppressive for CD8+ T cells in a mechanism involving PD-1 and PD-L1 (Ehlers et al. 2012. Endocrinology. 10: 1247).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3G3 antibody reacts with mouse Foxp3, a 50-55 kDa transcription factor which is a central regulator of T cell activity and is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3 is expressed at constitutively high levels in Treg cells, which are further identified as being CD4+ CD25+. In resting conventional T cells (CD4+ CD25-) Foxp3 expression is restricted, and upon TCR activation is expressed only transiently and in a small proportion of cells. However, the growth factor TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 in naïve T cells, driving their development into Foxp3+ Tregs, which are called “induced” or “adaptive” Tregs. These cells are phenotypically similar to so-called “natural” Tregs (CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+) which originate in the thymus and comprise the majority of Treg cells. Tregs are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3.9 antibody reacts with human CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RA3-6B2 antibody reacts with the human and mouse CD45 isoform known as CD45R, or B220, a protein tyrosine phosphatase of 220 kDa. CD45 is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers, and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). Various isoforms are generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns, all critical for leukocyte function. In mouse, the CD45R/B220 isoform is predominantly found on B cells, at varying levels on all stages from pro-B cells to activated B cells, and may also be detected on certain T cell and NK cell subsets. It is of note that B220 is not similarly expressed on human B cells, where it appears to be differentiation-specific and therefore expressed on only some B cell subsets. Other forms of CD45 with restricted cellular expression include CD45RA, CD45RB and CD45RO.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemical

PARP1 is the primary member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family, whose function is to signal DNA damage (and to recruit repair proteins) by PARylation. PARP1 is also involved in multiple cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and a relatively new pathway termed parthanatos. It has been implicated in a new form of cell death termed parthanatos. PARP1 can also promote tissue survival by shifting the balance of cell death programs between autophagy and necrosis. Clinical studies have shown vulnerability to PARP inhibitors in DNA repair defective cancers. Anti-PARP1 (N-term ZF1) antibody is useful for researchers interested in cellular processes including DNA damage, transcriptional control, and stem cell identity research.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The SK3 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells. The SK3 antibody is widely used as a phenotypic marker for human CD4 expression, and has been reported to be cross-reactive with Rhesus and Cynomolgus CD4. This antibody does not block binding of alternative clone RPA-T4, suggesting that they recognize different epitopes.

Supplier: Peprotech

Lin28 is a RNA-binding protein that belongs to a diverse family of structurally-related transcription factors. Lin28 is found abundantly in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and to a lesser extent in placenta and testis. Lin28 has been shown to block let-7 microRNA processing and maturation, a necessary step in the differentiation of stem cells and certain cancer cell lines. Together with Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog, Lin28 can induce the reprogramming of primary human fibroblasts to a pluripotent state. Lin28 and other regulatory proteins can be introduced into cells by DNA transfection, viral infection, or microinjection. Protein transduction using TAT fusion proteins represents an alternative methodology for introducing proteins into primary, as well as transformed, cells. Recombinant Human Lin28-TAT is a 24.4 kDa protein containing 222 amino acid residues, including a 13-residue C-terminal TAT peptide.

Supplier: Peprotech

Members of the Hedgehog (Hh) family are highly conserved proteins that are widely represented throughout the animal kingdom. The three known mammalian Hh proteins, Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh) and Indian (Ihh), are structurally related, and share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (e.g. Shh and Ihh are 93% identical). The biologically active form of each Hh molecule is obtained by autocatalytic cleavage of their precursor proteins, and each corresponds to approximately one half of the N-terminal portion of the precursor molecule. Although Hh proteins have unique expression patterns and distinct biological roles within their respective regions of secretion, they use the same signaling pathway and can be substituted for one another in experimental systems. Recombinant Murine Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a 20.0 kDa protein consisting of 176 amino acid residues, including an N-terminal Ile-Val-Ile sequence substituted for the naturally occurring, chemically modified Cys residue.

Supplier: BIOGEMS INTERNATIONAL INC.

The 104 monoclonal antibody specifically reacts with the mouse CD45 molecule, the Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA) which occurs in the alloantigen CD45.2-expressing mouse strains (C57BL/6, CBA, 129, A, AKR, C58, DBA/1, DBA/2, BALB/c, and C3H/He). The 104 monoclonal antibody does not react with the leukocytes of the CD45.1-expressing mouse strains (DA, SJL/J, RIII, and STS/A). The CD45 molecule is a member of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) family, because its intracellular region contains two PTP domains. The extracellular region’s variability is caused by different levels of glycosylation, and the splicing of the 4, 5, and 6 exons. The isoforms found in the mouse strains depend on the activation state, maturation stage and cell type, and are very important in B and T lymphocytes antigen receptor signal transduction. The 104 antibody inhibits some of the B lymphocytes responses, reduces the serum IgG levels, and influences the autoimmune renal pathology.

Supplier: Peprotech

Adiponectin is an adipose-derived secreted protein containing 236 amino acid residues. It is relatively abundant in humans and rodents, accounting for about 0.01% of total plasma protein. The circulating levels of adiponectin are decreased under conditions of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. Disruption of adiponectin in mice causes insulin resistance and neointimal formation. Conversely, administration of recombinant adiponectin suppresses hepatic glucose production, and reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. The protective role of adiponectin is attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties (e.g. ability to suppress expression of TNF-α and class A scavenger receptor in macrophages). Recombinant Human Adiponectin is a multimeric glycoprotein containing amino acids Val-21 to Asn-247 of the adiponectin precursor protein fused to an N-terminal histidine tag. Monomeric glycosylated adiponectin migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 35.0 kDa by SDS PAGE analysis under reducing conditions. The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Murine Adiponectin is 25.8 kDa.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 145-2C11 antibody is specific for mouse CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Prosci

Its gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Studies of a similar rat protein suggest that RNF39 plays a role in an early phase of synaptic plasticity. Its gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6.This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Studies of a similar rat protein suggest that this gene encodes a protein that plays a role in an early phase of synaptic plasticity. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms.This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6. Studies of a similar rat protein suggest that this gene encodes a protein that plays a role in an early phase of synaptic plasticity. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The SK1 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The CD28.2 antibody reacts with human CD28, a 44 kDa type I surface glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 37.51 antibody reacts with mouse CD28, a 45 kDa glycoprotein which acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, known as B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), expressed on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells. These ligands trigger CD28 signaling in concert with TCR activation to drive T cell proliferation, induce high-level expression of IL-2, impart resistance to apoptosis, and enhance T cell cytotoxicity. The interaction / co-stimulatory signaling between the B7 ligands and CD28 provides crucial communication between T cells and B cells or APCs to coordinate the adaptive immune response. Other members of the CD28 family of co-stimulatory receptors include CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), ICOS and BTLA.

Supplier: Genetex

Retention of resident soluble proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is achieved in both yeast and animal cells by their continual retrieval from the cis-Golgi, or a pre-Golgi compartment. Sorting of these proteins is dependent on a C-terminal tetrapeptide signal, usually lys-asp-glu-leu (KDEL) in animal cells, and his-asp-glu-leu (HDEL) in S. cerevisiae. This process is mediated by a receptor that recognizes, and binds the tetrapeptide-containing protein, and returns it to the ER. In yeast, the sorting receptor encoded by a single gene, ERD2, which is a seven-transmembrane protein. Unlike yeast, several human homologs of the ERD2 gene, constituting the KDEL receptor gene family, have been described. The protein encoded by this gene was the first member of the family to be identified, and it encodes a protein structurally and functionally similar to the yeast ERD2 gene product.

Supplier: Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.

Edetate Disodium, Dihydrate, BiotechGrade is used in molecular biology applications to minimize metal ion contamination and prevent enzymatic activity. EDTA disodium dihydrate is routinely used in electrophoresis DNA and protein separation applications to chelate metal ions required for enzymatic activity that could potentially damage DNA and protein structure.

Supplier: Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.

Sodium Pyrophosphate, Decahydrate, Crystal, Reagent, ACS is also known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate and is employed as a buffering agent as well as a thickening agent and can be found in many foods under the shape of a food additive. It is also used in toothpaste to aid in tartar control in the mouth. As an ACS grade quality reagent, its chemical specifications are the de facto standards for chemicals used in many high-purity applications and typically designate the highest quality chemical available for laboratory use. Spectrum Chemical manufactured Reagent ACS grade products meet the toughest regulatory standards for quality and purity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3.9 antibody reacts with human CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The PK136 antibody is specific for mouse NK1.1, a type II transmembrane lectin-like receptor and member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family. NK1.1 is prominently expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, and is correlated with NK cytotoxic effects toward virus-infected cells and tumor cells. NK1.1 is expressed on subsets of NKT cells in certain mouse strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N, and NZB), yet absent from others (AKR, BALB/c, CBA/J, C3H, DBA/1, DBA/2, NOD, SJL, and 129). Putative subsets of NK cells and their expression of NK1.1 antigen are of continuing interest, including NK1.1+/CD117+ (c-Kit) cells reported to be immunosuppressive for CD8+ T cells in a mechanism involving PD-1 and PD-L1 (Ehlers et al. 2012. Endocrinology. 10: 1247).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3G3 antibody reacts with mouse Foxp3, a 50-55 kDa transcription factor which is a central regulator of T cell activity and is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3 is expressed at constitutively high levels in Treg cells, which are further identified as being CD4+ CD25+. In resting conventional T cells (CD4+ CD25-) Foxp3 expression is restricted, and upon TCR activation is expressed only transiently and in a small proportion of cells. However, the growth factor TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 in naïve T cells, driving their development into Foxp3+ Tregs, which are called “induced” or “adaptive” Tregs. These cells are phenotypically similar to so-called “natural” Tregs (CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+) which originate in the thymus and comprise the majority of Treg cells. Tregs are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 53-6.7 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.