Supplier: Bioss

The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses contains protrusions that will only bind to certain receptors on the host cell. Known receptors bind S1 are ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; APN, aminopeptidase N; CEACAM, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; Sia, sialic acid; O-ac Sia, O-acetylated sialic acid. The spike is essential for both host specificity and viral infectivity. The term 'peplomer' is typically used to refer to a grouping of heterologous proteins on the virus surface that function together. The spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is known to be essential in the binding of the virus to the host cell at the advent of the infection process. It's been reported that 2019-nCoV can infect the human respiratory epithelial cells through interaction with the human ACE2 receptor. The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor. S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. The main functions for the Spike protein are summarized as: Mediate receptor binding and membrane fusion; Defines the range of the hosts and specificity of the virus; Main component to bind with the neutralizing antibody; Key target for vaccine design; Can be transmitted between different hosts through gene recombination or mutation of the receptor binding domain (RBD), leading to a higher mortality rate.

Supplier: Bioss

Participates in Wnt signaling. Plays a complex role in regulating the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a member of the glutamate-gated ion channel protein family. The encoded protein is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit. NMDA receptors are both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent, and are involved in long-term potentiation, an activity-dependent increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission thought to underlie certain kinds of memory and learning. These receptors are permeable to calcium ions, and activation results in a calcium influx into post-synaptic cells, which results in the activation of several signaling cascades. Disruption of this gene is associated with focal epilepsy and speech disorder with or without mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Supplier: Sino Biological

This antibody was produced from a hybridoma resulting from the fusion of a mouse myeloma with B cells obtained from a mouse immunized with purified, recombinant CoV spike S1+S2 ECD protein. The IgG fraction of the cell culture supernatant was purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.

Supplier: Bioss

The LXR receptors (including LXR-_ and LXR-_) bind oxysterols and play key roles in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, primarily by regulating multiple components of the reverse cholesterol transport. They also are potent inhibitors of inflammation and are capable of repressing cytokine and chemokine production by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated macrophages.

Supplier: AAT BIOQUEST INC

iFluor® dyes are optimized for labeling proteins, in particular, antibodies.

Supplier: Bioss

NFE2 (Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NFE2 include Essential Thrombocythemia and Spherocytosis, Type 4. Among its related pathways are Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include DNA binding transcription factor activity and transcription coactivator activity. An important paralog of this gene is NFE2L1.

Supplier: Genscript

CD3 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, expressed on T cells. It is composed of four distinct chains (ε, γ, δ, ζ). CD3 antigen can form a complex with the T cell receptor (TCR) to generate an activation signal in T cells, which plays an important role in TCR signal transduction and both cytotoxic T cell ( CD8 + naïve T cells) and T helper cells (CD4+ naive T cells) activation.

Supplier: Bioss

Transcription factor which regulates the expression of several rod-specific genes, in cluding RHO and PDE6B.

Supplier: Genscript

CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a single glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 59 kDa. CD4 antigen is expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes and macrophages. CD4 recognizes antigens associated with MHC class II molecules, and participates in cell-cell interactions, thymic differentiation, and signal transduction. CD4 acts as a primary receptor for HIV, binding to HIV gp120. CD4+ T helper cells bind and activate B cells to create immunoglobulins.

Supplier: AAT BIOQUEST INC

AAT Bioquest's anti-rabbit secondary antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies with well-characterized specificity for rabbit immunoglobulins and are useful in the detection, sorting or purification of its specified target.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various cell stimuli, and targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to cell stimuli. The activation of this kinase by tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is found to be required for TNF-alpha induced apoptosis. This kinase is also involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, which is thought to be related to cytochrom c-mediated cell death pathway. Studies of the mouse counterpart of this gene suggested that this kinase play a key role in T cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Five alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. (provided by RefSeq, Jun 2013).

Supplier: Bioss

This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, mental retardation, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes the alpha chain of the interleukin-4 receptor, a type I transmembrane protein that can bind interleukin4 and interleukin 13 to regulate IgE production. The encoded protein also can bind interleukin 4 to promote differentiation of Th2 cells. A soluble form of the encoded protein can be produced by an alternate splice variant or by proteolysis of the membrane-bound protein, and this soluble form can inhibit IL4-mediated cell proliferation and IL5 upregulation by T-cells. Allelic variations in this gene have been associated with atopy, a condition that can manifest itself as allergic rhinitis, sinusitus, asthma, or eczema. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms, a membrane-bound and a soluble form, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) can be classified as either high risk or low risk according to their association with cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most common of the high risk group while HPV6 and HPV11 are among the low risk types. Approximately 90% of cervical cancers contain HPV DNA of the high risk types. Mutational analysis have shown that the E6 and E7 genes of the high risk HPVs are necessary and sufficient for HPV transforming function. The specific interactions of the E6 and E7 proteins with p53 and pRB, respectively, correlate with HPV high and low risk classifications. The high risk HPV E7 proteins bind to pRB with a higher affinity than do the low risk HPV proteins, and only the high risk HPV E6 proteins form detectable complexes with p53 in vitro.

Supplier: Bioss

Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a member of the keratin family, the most diverse group of intermediate filaments. This gene product, a type I keratin, is usually found as a heterotetramer with two keratin 5 molecules, a type II keratin. Together they form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Mutations in the genes for these keratins are associated with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. At least one pseudogene has been identified at 17p12-p11. [provided by RefSeq].

Supplier: Bioss

Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens (e.g. creatine phosphate). Creatine kinase isoenzymes play a central role in energy transduction in tissues with large, fluctuating energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spermatozoa.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor which is expressed in oligodendroglial tumors of the brain. The protein is an essential regulator of ventral neuroectodermal progenitor cell fate. The gene is involved in a chromosomal translocation t(14;21)( q11.2;q22) associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Its chromosomal location is within a region of chromosome 21 which has been suggested to play a role in learning deficits associated with Down syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane receptor for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The encoded protein mediates cholesterol transfer to and from HDL. In addition, this protein is a receptor for hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011).

Supplier: AAT BIOQUEST INC

Agarose conjugated antibodies are designed for the rapid and efficient collection of antibodies and proteins, including recombinant fusion proteins, from a complex protein mixture (see protocol).

Supplier: G-Biosciences

Encodes a large, transmembrane receptor protein which may function in angiogenesis, lymphocyte homing, cell adhesion, or receptor scavenging. The protein contains 7 FAS1, 16 EGF-like, and 2 laminin-type EGF-like domains as well as a C-type lectin-like hyaluronan-binding link module. The protein is primarily expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph node. The receptor has been shown to endocytose ligands such as low-density lipoprotein, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and advanced glycosylation end products. Supporting its possible role as a scavenger receptor, the protein rapidly cycles between the plasma membrane and early endosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. H3 is deposited into chromatin exclusively through a DNA replication-coupled pathway that can be associated with either DNA duplication or DNA repair synthesis during meiotic homologous recombination.

Supplier: AAT BIOQUEST INC

AAT Bioquest's anti-mouse secondary antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies with well-characterized specificity for mouse immunoglobulins and are useful in the detection, sorting or purification of its specified target.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged1, Jagged2 and Delta1 to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Involved in the maturation of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the thymus. Important for follicular differentiation and possibly cell fate selection within the follicle. During cerebellar development, functions as a receptor for neuronal DNER and is involved in the differentiation of Bergmann glia. Represses neuronal and myogenic differentiation. May play an essential role in postimplantation development, probably in some aspect of cell specification and/or differentiation. May be involved in mesoderm development, somite formation and neurogenesis. May enhance HIF1A function by sequestering HIF1AN away from HIF1A. Required for the THBS4 function in regulating protective astrogenesis from the subventricular zone (SVZ) niche after injury. Involved in determination of left/right symmetry by modulating the balance between motile and immotile (sensory) cilia at the left-right organiser (LRO).

Supplier: Sino Biological

This antibody was produced from a hybridoma resulting from the fusion of a mouse myeloma with B cells obtained from a mouse immunized with purified, recombinant Human Apolipoprotein A-I/APOA1 (rh Apolipoprotein A-I/APOA1; Catalog#10686-H07E; P02647; Asp25-Gln267). The IgG fraction of the cell culture supernatant was purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.

Supplier: Sino Biological

This antibody was produced from a hybridoma resulting from the fusion of a mouse myeloma with B cells obtained from a mouse immunized with purified, Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD-mFc Protein (Catalog#40592-V05H; YP_009724390.1; Arg319-Phe541). The IgG fraction of the cell culture supernatant was purified by Protein A affinity chromatography.

Supplier: Bioss

Novel human Ste20-related kinase Mst4 is biologically active in the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and in mediating cell growth and transformation. It is pro apoptotic and is highly expressed in placenta, thymus, and peripheral blood leukocytes. Interaction with Golgi matrix protein GOLGA2 results in autophosphorylation on Thr-178, possibly as a consequence of stabilization of dimer formation. This may also be activated by C terminal cleavage. MST3 or Mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 3 is a member of the germinal center kinase-III family. MST3 contains a conserved kinase domain at its NH(₂)-terminus and a regulatory domain at its COOH-terminus. Caspase-mediated cleavage of the regulatory domain of MST3 activates its intrinsic kinase activity and leads to nuclear translocation. Expression of COOH-terminal truncated MST3 in cells results in DNA fragmentation and induction of apoptosis. It can inhibit cell migration in a fashion dependent on autophosphorylation and can regulate paxillin phosphorylation through tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. Mitogen activated protein kinase cascades have been conserved throughout evolution. In mammals, these cascades allow responses to complex stimuli such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. In yeast, STK25 functions upstream of the MAPK cascade.

Supplier: Bioss

Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand, it can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin-3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival. Upon dimeric NGF ligand-binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. Recruits, phosphorylates and/or activates several downstream effectors including SHC1, FRS2, SH2B1, SH2B2 and PLCG1 that regulate distinct overlapping signaling cascades driving cell survival and differentiation. Through SHC1 and FRS2 activates a GRB2-Ras-MAPK cascade that regulates cell differentiation and survival. Through PLCG1 controls NF-Kappa-B activation and the transcription of genes involved in cell survival. Through SHC1 and SH2B1 controls a Ras-PI3 kinase-AKT1 signaling cascade that is also regulating survival. In absence of ligand and activation, may promote cell death, making the survival of neurons dependent on trophic factors. Isoform TrkA-III is resistant to NGF, constitutively activates AKT1 and NF-kappa-B and is unable to activate the Ras-MAPK signaling cascade. Antagonizes the anti-proliferative NGF-NTRK1 signaling that promotes neuronal precursors differentiation. Isoform TrkA-III promotes angiogenesis and has oncogenic activity when overexpressed.

Supplier: Bioss

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK8/JNK1. In turn, MAPK8/JNK1 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN, JDP2 and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Phosphorylates the replication licensing factor CDT1, inhibiting the interaction between CDT1 and the histone H4 acetylase HBO1 to replication origins. Loss of this interaction abrogates the acetylation required for replication initiation. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including p53/TP53 and Yes-associates protein YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Contributes to the survival of erythroid cells by phosphorylating the antagonist of cell death BAD upon EPO stimulation. Mediates starvation-induced BCL2 phosphorylation, BCL2 dissociation from BECN1, and thus activation of autophagy. Phosphorylates STMN2 and hence regulates microtubule dynamics, controlling neurite elongation in cortical neurons. In the developing brain, through its cytoplasmic activity on STMN2, negatively regulates the rate of exit from multipolar stage and of radial migration from the ventricular zone. Phosphorylates several other substrates including heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4), the deacetylase SIRT1, ELK1, or the E3 ligase ITCH.