118478 Results for: "Zamra\\u017Carki+kriogeniczne,+skrzyniowe&pageNo=30"

Supplier: Bioss

Counteracts the host antiviral immune response by preventing IRF3 from entering the nucleus once activated and phosphorylated. Participates also in the transactivation of viral major immediate-early genes by recruiting host IFI16 to their promoters.

Supplier: Bioss

In contrast to growth factors which promote cell proliferation, FAS ligand (FAS-L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) rapidly induce apoptosis. Cellular response to FAS-L and TNF is mediated by structurally related receptors containing a conserved cytoplasmic region called the “death domain”. DAPL1 (Death-associated protein-like 1), also known as EEDA (Early epithelial differentiation-associated protein), is a 107 amino acid protein that is expressed in hair follicles and is thought to function in a similar manner to DAP-1, possibly participating in the early stages of epithelial differentiation and/or apoptosis.

Supplier: Bioss

EphA3 is a member of the Ephrin (Eph) family. The Ephrins and Eph-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in mediating developmental events, especially in the nervous system and in erythropoiesis. Based on their structures and sequence relationships, ephrins are divided into the Ephrin A (EphA) class, which are anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, and the Ephrin B (EphB) class, which are transmembrane proteins. Receptors in the EPH subfamily typically have a single kinase domain and an extracellular region containing a Cys-rich domain and 2 fibronectin type III repeats.

Supplier: Bioss

Inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T-cells.

Supplier: Bioss

vars2

Supplier: Bioss

PDK1 (3 Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase 1) phosphorylates AGC kinases. PDK1 activates conventional PKC and PKC zeta through phosphorylation of critical threonine residues in the activation loop. PDK1 also phosphorylates Protein Kinase B (PKB) at threonine 308 in the presence of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. Active Akt inactivates Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3), eventually leading to the dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase and the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. Because of the role that PDK plays in insulin-induced glycogen synthesis and PKC activation it is a potentially important target for metabolic drug research. There are three named isoforms.

Supplier: Bioss

Neuroligins are a family of plasma membrane proteins that possess an N-terminal hydrophobic domain, a large esterase homology domain, a single transmembrane region, a short cytoplasmic domain, and an EF-hand binding domain (1,2). Members of the neuroligin family include Neuroligin 1, Neuroligin 2 and Neuroligin 3. Neuroligins are expressed in excitatory neuronal synaptic clefts. Neuroligins play a role in the formation and remodeling of CNS synapses by binding to b-neurexins, a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Neuroexin 1b binds to the EF-hand domain of Neuroligin 1 and requires calcium ion. Neuroligins also bind to PSD-95, which may recruit ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors to the synapses.

Supplier: Bioss

Has both helicasee and E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. Possesses intrinsic ATP-dependent nucleosome-remodeling activity; This activity may be required for transcriptional activation or repression of specific target promoters (By similarity). These may include the SERPINE1 and HIV-1 promoters and the SV40 enhancer, to which this protein can bind directly. Plays a role in error-free postreplication repair (PRR) of damaged DNA and maintains genomic stability through acting as a ubiquitin ligase for 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of chromatin-bound PCNA.

Supplier: Bioss

ECH1 is a 328 amino acid protein that localizes to both the mitochondrion and the peroxisome and belongs to the hydratase/isomerase superfamily. Existing as a homohexamer, ECH1 is involved in the fatty acid-beta oxidation pathway, specifically functioning to catalyze the isomerization of 3-trans,5-cis-dienoyl-CoA to 2-trans,4-trans-dienoyl-CoA. The gene encoding ECH1 maps to human chromosome 19, which is the genetic home for a number of immunoglobulin superfamily members, including the killer cell and leukocyte Ig-like receptors, a number of ICAMs, the CEACAM and PSG family and Fc receptors (FcRs).

Supplier: Bioss

Organizes filamentous actin into bundles with a minimum of 4.1:1 actin/fascin ratio. Plays a role in the organization of actin filament bundles and the formation of microspikes, membrane ruffles, and stress fibers. Important for the formation of a diverse set of cell protrusions, such as filopodia, and for cell motility and migration.

Supplier: Bioss

AGPAT6 is a novel glycerolipid acyltransferase of the ER, which is crucial for the production of milk fat by the mammary gland. It converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes an alpha-1 subunit of a voltage-dependent calcium channel. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. The alpha-1 subunit consists of 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. The protein encoded by this gene binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. [provided by RefSeq]

Supplier: Bioss

Metalloproteinase which specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5, resulting in release of bound IGF. Cleavage of IGFBP-4 is dramatically enhanced by the presence of IGF, whereas cleavage of IGFBP-5 is slightly inhibited by the presence of IGF.

Supplier: Bioss

Produces nitric oxide (NO) which is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. Also has nitrosylase activity and mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of cytoplasmic target proteins such COX2.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling polypeptide which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may associate with the killer-cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) family of membrane glycoproteins and may act as an activating signal transduction element. This protein may bind zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and play a role in signal transduction, bone modeling, brain myelination, and inflammation. Mutations within this gene have been associated with polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), also known as Nasu-Hakola disease. Its putative receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), also causes PLOSL. Multiple alternative transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

Supplier: Bioss

Nuclear MarkerRb is a tumor suppressor gene which functions as a negative regulator of the cell cycle by interacting with transcription factors including E2F1, PU1, ATF2, UBF, Elf1 and cAbl. This ability of Rb to alter transcription is regulated by phosphorylation catalyzed by the cyclin dependent protein kinases (cdks). Rb is phosphorylated on serine and threonine, but not on tyrosine residues. It forms a complex with SV40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1A, and human papilloma virus 16E. Rb protein may act by regulating transcription and loss of its function leads to uncontrolled cell growth. Aberrations in the Rb gene have been implicated in cancers of breast, colon, prostate, kidney, nasopharynx, and leukemia.

Supplier: Bioss

Gemin4 is a component of the SMN core complex which, while in the cytoplasm, plays an essential role in ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly, including the biogenesis, delivery and recycling of snRNPs to the spliceosome. In the nucleus, where SMN is required for pre-mRNA splicing, Gemin4 concentrates next to coiled bodies in subnuclear structures called gems, that are highly enriched in splicosomal snRNPs, and in the nucleolus. Deletion or loss-of-function mutations in the SMN lead to the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The human Gemin4 maps to chromosome 17p13.

Supplier: Bioss

CCDC47

Supplier: Bioss

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. This CSF induces granulocytes.

Supplier: Bioss

Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009].

Supplier: Bioss

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide antioxidant which reduces disulfide bonds between cytoplasmic proteins. The constitutive enzyme glutathione reductase transforms glutathione into its reduced state which ultimately can provide a measure of cellular toxicity. GSTT2 (glutathione S-transferase theta-2), also known as GST class-theta-2, is a 244 amino acid enzyme with sulfatase activity that functions in conjugating reduced glutathione to hydrophobic electrophiles. GSTT2 exists as a homodimer in the cytoplasm and is expressed in low levels in the liver and the lung. GSTT2 belongs to the GST superfamily and contains both a GST C-terminal and a GST N-terminal domain. The gene encoding GSTT2 exists on human chromosome 22.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in the Notch signaling pathway as Notch ligand. Activates NOTCH1 and NOTCH4. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Essential for retinal progenitor proliferation is required for suppressing rod fates in late retinal progenitors as well as for proper generation of other retinal cell types. During spinal cord neurogenesis, inhibits V2a interneuron fate.

Supplier: Bioss

Functions as a dosage-dependent inducer in mitotic control. Tyrosine protein phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle. When phosphorylated, highly effective in activating G2 cells into prophase. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and activates its kinase activity.

Supplier: Bioss

Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for instance in targeting RANGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2. Polymeric SUMO1 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins. May also regulate a network of genes involved in palate development.

Supplier: Bioss

Epigen is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. It is produced in several tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and in certain tumor cells. Epigen is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human Epigen is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 14.7 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a mature soluble sequence.

Supplier: Bioss

Expressed in testis and ovary and in a wide variety of cancers. Detected in uterine myometrium. Expressed from 18 weeks until birth in human fetal testis. In the adult testis, is strongly expressed in spermatogonia and in primary spermatocytes, but not in post-meiotic cells or in testicular somatic cells (at protein level).

Supplier: Bioss

Has mitogenic activity and may be involved in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium.

Supplier: Bioss

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation. BTK plays also a critical role in transcription regulation. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis.

Supplier: Bioss

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been shown to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as neuron channel activation, apoptosis, cardioprotection from ischemia, heat shock response, as well as insulin exocytosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase is important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling in activated macrophages and may also play a role in controlling anxiety-like behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]