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GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the gaba/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.

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The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor is a multisubunit chloride channel that mediates the fastest inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The subunit encoded by this gene is expressed in several non-neuronal tissues including the uterus and ovaries. This subunit can assemble with known GABA A receptor subunits, and the presence of this subunit alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone.

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IFN gamma receptor beta is part of the receptor for interferon gamma. This class II cytokine receptor pairs with CDw119 to form the IFN gamma receptor and is an integral part of the IFN gamma signal transduction pathway. CDw119 serves as the IFN gamma binding chain and associates with the IFN gamma beta chain which is required for receptor signaling. The extracellular portion of both the IFN gamma receptor alpha and beta chains must be species matched. The IFN gamma receptor beta chain is expressed on T and B cells, NK cells, monocytes/ macrophages, and fibroblasts. Binding of IFN gamma induces receptor dimerization, internalization, Jak1 and Jak2 protein kinase activation and, ultimately, STAT1 activation. It is also likely to interact with GAF. IFN gamma initiates and regulates a variety of immune responses and is required for signal transduction. Contains 2 fibronectin type III domains. Defects in IFN gamma Receptor beta are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), a rare condition that confers predisposition to illness caused by several mycobacteria strains

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IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

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IL-15 (14-15 kD) is a member of the four alpha-helical bundle family of cytokines. It is very similar to IL-2, except that IL-15 has an IL-15 alpha receptor subunit. IL-15 plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes as well as activation of a number of important intracellular signaling molecules. This implies that IL-15 could be essential for the immune responses, allograft rejection, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

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L13 inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production and stimulates antibody production. It induces proliferation in the human pre myeloid cell line TF1. IL13 has multiple effects on the differentiation and functions of monocytes and macrophages. It suppresses cytotoxic functions and induces changes in the morphology of human monocytes and in the phenotype of human monocytes and B cells by upregulating MHC class II expression. IL13 will also decrease the production of nitric oxide by activated murine macrophages, leading to impaired parasiticidal activity. Human and mouse interleukin 13 share approximately 58% amino acid sequence identity. Although human and mouse IL13 are equally active on human cells, human IL13 is much less active than mouse IL13 on mouse cells. Human IL13 and human IL4 also share approximately 30% sequence homology and have similar biological functions.

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TRAIL-R4 is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. Contains a truncated death domain and hence is not capable of inducing apoptosis. Protects cells against TRAIL mediated apoptosis by competing with TRAIL-R1 and R2 for binding to the ligand.

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Squalene epoxidase catalyzes the first oxygenation step in sterol biosynthesis and is thought to be one of the rate-limiting enzymes in this pathway.

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MTMR1 is a member of the myotubularin related family of proteins. Members of this family contain the consensus sequence for the active site of protein tyrosine phosphatases.This gene encodes a member of the myotubularin related family of proteins. Members of this family contain the consensus sequence for the active site of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Alternatively spliced variants have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.

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PPAP2A is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and has been shown to be a surface enzyme that plays an active role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. The expression of PPAP2A is found to be regulated by androgen in a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) family. PAPs convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, and function in de novo synthesis of glycerolipids as well as in receptor-activated signal transduction mediated by phospholipase D. This protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein, and has been shown to be a surface enzyme that plays an active role in the hydrolysis and uptake of lipids from extracellular space. The expression of this gene is found to be regulated by androgen in a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line. At least two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

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Anti-IL1A Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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CD40 belongs to the TNF-receptor superfamily and is essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. The interaction of CD40-CD40L is necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Consistent with its widespread expression on normal cells, CD40 is also expressed on a wide range of tumor cells, including non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, myeloma and some carcinomas including nasopharynx, bladder, cervix, kidney and ovary.

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FLIP is an apoptosis regulator protein which functions as a crucial link between cell survival and cell death pathways in mammalian cells and acts as an inhibitor of TNFRSF6 mediated apoptosis. A proteolytic fragment (p43) is likely retained in the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) thereby blocking further recruitment and processing of caspase-8 at the complex. Full length and shorter isoforms have been shown either to induce apoptosis or to reduce TNFRSF-triggered apoptosis. FLIP lacks enzymatic (caspase) activity. FLIP is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, pancreas, heart, kidney, placenta and peripheral blood leukocytes.

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Anti-IL1A Goat Polyclonal Antibody

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Anti-IL1B Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

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MAGEA8 is a member of the MAGEA family. The members of this family with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita.This gene is a member of the MAGEA gene family. The members of this family encode proteins with 50 to 80% sequence identity to each other. The promoters and first exons of the MAGEA genes show considerable variability, suggesting that the existence of this gene family enables the same function to be expressed under different transcriptional controls. The MAGEA genes are clustered at chromosomal location Xq28. They have been implicated in some hereditary disorders, such as dyskeratosis congenita.

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Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. IDH3A is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.Isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate. These enzymes belong to two distinct subclasses, one of which utilizes NAD (+) as the electron acceptor and the other NADP (+). Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases catalyze the allosterically regulated rate-limiting step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one gamma subunit. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit of one isozyme of NAD (+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

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Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult like. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 -alpha-2 -alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'.Zeta-globin (HBZ ) is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult like. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that involves 4 functional genes and 3 nonfunctional pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5'-zeta -- pseudozeta -- pseudoalpha2 -- pseudoalpha1 --alpha2 -- alph1 -- theta1-3'.

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SLC17A3 may be involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na (+) cotransport.

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The SMN complex plays an essential role in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and is required for pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. STRAP may play a role in the cellular distribution of the SMN complex.

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YWHAZ belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity.This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Two transcript variants differing in the 5' UTR, but encoding the same protein, have been identified for this gene.

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CD36 is the fourth major glycoprotein of the platelet surface and serves as a receptor for thrombospondin in platelets and various cell lines. Since thrombospondins are widely distributed proteins involved in a variety of adhesive processes, this protein may have important functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It binds to collagen, thrombospondin, anionic phospholipids and oxidized LDL. It directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes and it binds long chain fatty acids and may function in the transport and/or as a regulator of fatty acid transport. Mutations in its gene cause platelet glycoprotein deficiency.The protein encoded by this gene is the fourth major glycoprotein of the platelet surface and serves as a receptor for thrombospondin in platelets and various cell lines. Since thrombospondins are widely distributed proteins involved in a variety of adhesive processes, this protein may have important functions as a cell adhesion molecule. It binds to collagen, thrombospondin, anionic phospholipids and oxidized LDL. It directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes and it binds long chain fatty acids and may function in the transport and/or as a regulator of fatty acid transport. Mutations in this gene cause platelet glycoprotein deficiency. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene.

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Anti-IDH1 Goat Polyclonal Antibody

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Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. ARRB2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors.Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined.

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PGK1 is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha.The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. A pseudogene of this gene has been found on the X-chromosome and another on chromosome 19. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.The protein encoded by this gene is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate. The encoded protein may also act as a cofactor for polymerase alpha. A pseudogene of this gene has been found on the X-chromosome and another on chromosome 19. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology.Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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EEF1G is a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit contains an N-terminal glutathione transferase domain, which may be involved in regulating the assembly of multisubunit complexes containing this elongation factor and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.This gene encodes a subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This subunit contains an N-terminal glutathione transferase domain, which may be involved in regulating the assembly of multisubunit complexes containing this elongation factor and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

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Anti-SH3GL1 Goat Polyclonal Antibody

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Anti-SLC8A3 Goat Polyclonal Antibody

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The SERPINF1 gene may play a significant role in determining the balance of angiogenesis/ antiangiogenesis during atherogenesis. A novel role of extracellular phosphorylation is shown to completely change the nature of this gene from a neutrophic to an antiangiogenic factor.