52437 Results for: "Intrinsic+factor"

Supplier: Bioss

Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. Sp6, also known as EPFN, EPIPROFIN or KLF14, is a 376 amino acid protein that localizes to the nucleus and contains three C2H2-type zinc fingers. Expressed ubiquitously with higher expression in developing teeth, hair follicles and limb buds, Sp6 functions to bind GC-rich sequences and related GT and CACCC boxes, thereby promoting cellular proliferation. Human Sp6 shares 96% sequence homology with its mouse counterpart, suggesting a conserved role between species. The gene encoding Sp6 maps to human chromosome 17, which comprises over 2.5% of the human genome and encodes over 1,200 genes.

Supplier: Bioss

APLF is a 511 amino acid protein that contains one FHA doman and two C2H2type zinc fingers. Localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, APLF interacts with XRCC1, XRCC4 and Ku-86 and, via these interactions, is involved in single-strand and double-strand DNA break repair. APLF is subject to post-translational phosphorylation in response to DNA breaks. The gene encoding APLF maps to human chromosome 2, which houses over 1,400 genes and comprises nearly 8% of the human genome. Harlequin icthyosis, a rare and morbid skin deformity, is associated with mutations in the ABCA12 gene, while the lipid metabolic disorder sitosterolemia is associated with defects in the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. Additionally, an extremely rare recessive genetic disorder, is caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene, which maps to chromosome 2.

Supplier: Bioss

The kinesin motor proteins include at least two forms of conventional kinesin encoded by different genes and designated as ubiquitous kinesin, which is expressed in all cells and tissues, or neuronal kinesin, which is expressed exclusively in neural cells. Kinesin is a microtubule associated protein comprised of three different structural domains. A considerable globular N-terminal domain regulates the hydrolysis of ATP and also microtubule binding while central coiled-coil domains promote heavy chain dimerization. Lastly, small globular C-terminal domains interact with kinesin light chains, membranous organelles and vesicles. Expression of ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain, also designated UKHC, is found subcellularly in areas of heavy vesicular trafficking such as the microtubule pathways of neural cells and also the Golgi of non-neural cell types.

Supplier: Bioss

APLF is a 511 amino acid protein that contains one FHA doman and two C2H2type zinc fingers. Localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, APLF interacts with XRCC1, XRCC4 and Ku-86 and, via these interactions, is involved in single-strand and double-strand DNA break repair. APLF is subject to post-translational phosphorylation in response to DNA breaks. The gene encoding APLF maps to human chromosome 2, which houses over 1,400 genes and comprises nearly 8% of the human genome. Harlequin icthyosis, a rare and morbid skin deformity, is associated with mutations in the ABCA12 gene, while the lipid metabolic disorder sitosterolemia is associated with defects in the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. Additionally, an extremely rare recessive genetic disorder, is caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene, which maps to chromosome 2.

Supplier: Bioss

Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins. Inhibits activation of NF-kappa-B in response to LTBR stimulation. Inhibits TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B. Down-regulates proteolytic processing of NFKB2, and thereby inhibits non-canonical activation of NF-kappa-B. Promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MAP3K14.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in adaptive response to hypoxia. Suppresses hypoxia-inducible expression of HIF1A and EPAS1. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TACGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. The complex HIF3A-ARNT activates the transcription of reporter genes driven by HRE. Isoform 4 has a dominant-negative function of inactivating HIF1A-mediated transcription. Isoform 4 attenuates the binding of HIF1A to hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE), thus inhibiting HRE-driven transcription. Hypoxia induces down-regulation of isoform 4, leading to activation of HIF1A in hypoxia. Conversely, upon restoring normoxia, the expression of isoform 4 increases and thereby secure an inhibition of HIF1A activity. Isoform 4 may be a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible gene expression in the kidney and may be involved in renal tumorigenesis. Functions as an inhibitor of angiogenesis in the cornea (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins. Inhibits activation of NF-kappa-B in response to LTBR stimulation. Inhibits TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B. Down-regulates proteolytic processing of NFKB2, and thereby inhibits non-canonical activation of NF-kappa-B. Promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MAP3K14.

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of theTNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed preferentiallyin the tissues enriched in lymphocytes, and it may play a role inregulating lymphocyte homeostasis. This receptor has been shown tostimulate NF-kappa B activity and regulate cell apoptosis. Thesignal transduction of this receptor is mediated by various deathdomain containing adaptor proteins. Knockout studies in micesuggested the role of this gene in the removal of self-reactive Tcells in the thymus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcriptvariants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have beenreported, most of which are potentially secreted molecules. Thealternative splicing of this gene in B and T cells encounters aprogrammed change upon T-cell activation, which predominantlyproduces full-length, membrane bound isoforms, and is thought to beinvolved in controlling lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cellactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of theTNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed preferentiallyin the tissues enriched in lymphocytes, and it may play a role inregulating lymphocyte homeostasis. This receptor has been shown tostimulate NF-kappa B activity and regulate cell apoptosis. Thesignal transduction of this receptor is mediated by various deathdomain containing adaptor proteins. Knockout studies in micesuggested the role of this gene in the removal of self-reactive Tcells in the thymus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcriptvariants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have beenreported, most of which are potentially secreted molecules. Thealternative splicing of this gene in B and T cells encounters aprogrammed change upon T-cell activation, which predominantlyproduces full-length, membrane bound isoforms, and is thought to beinvolved in controlling lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cellactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

TSLPR is a type I membrane receptor that forms a functional heterodimeric complex with IL7R to bind TSLP. The TSLP R contains a WSXWS motif required for proper protein folding and a box1 motif important for association with the JAKs. TSLPR has a predicted molecular weight approximately 41 kD, and two further isoforms have been reported that are produced by alternative splicing. The TSLPR is expressed preferentially in myeloid cells including dendritic cells and activated monocytes, and is weakly expressed in T cells. Expression has also been reported in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney tissues. TSLP binding to the heterodimeric functional receptor (TSLPR and IL7R) activates JAK2, STAT3 and STAT5 to stimulate cell proliferation. Ligand receptor interactions haves been implicated in the development of the hematopoietic system, dendritic cell maturation, and the maintenance and polarization of human Th2 memory T cells in allergic diseases.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

CD40 belongs to the TNF-receptor superfamily and is essential in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development and germinal centre formation. The interaction of CD40-CD40L is necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Consistent with its widespread expression on normal cells, CD40 is also expressed on a wide range of tumour cells, including non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, myeloma and some carcinomas including nasopharynx, bladder, cervix, kidney and ovary.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

CD40 Ligand (CD40LG) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF superfamily. Like other TNF superfamily members, CD40LG exists as a trimer in membrane bound and soluble form, both of which are bioactive. CD40LG is a ligand for CD40; its ligation also initiates signal transduction in CD40LG expressing cells. CD40LG is a differentiation antigen that is expressed on the surface of T-cells. It stimulates B-cell proliferation and secretion of all immunoglobulin isotypes in the presence of cytokines. CD40LG has been shown to induce cytokine production and tumouricidal activity in peripheral blood monocytes. It also co-stimulates proliferation of activated T-cells and this is accompanied by the production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL2.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine produced by type 2 helper T cells, the Th2 cells. These cells tends to make a specific set of lymphokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-3 and GM-CSF and fail to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). In addition, mast cells can produce IL-4. IL-4 exerts numerous effects on various hematopoietic cell types. On B cells, IL-4 promotes immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and IgG1 isotypes and upregulates MHC class II and CD23 expression. IL-4 promotes survival, growth, and differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes, mast cells and endothelial cells. In addition, IL-4 inhibits the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 by macrophages.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

TL1A Antibody: Members in the TNF and its receptor superfamilies regulate immune responses and induce apoptosis. DR3 (also termed Wsl-1, Apo-3, TRAMP, and LARD) is preferentially expressed by T lymphocytes and upregulated during T cell activation. The ligand for DR3 was recently identified and designated TL1A. TL1A also binds decoy receptor DcR3/TR6, which is expressed in several lung and colon carcinomas and in some normal tissues. TL1A induces apoptosis and NF-kappa B activation in DR3 expressing cells, which is antagonized by DcR3. TL1A is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1. TL1A is a longer variant of TL1 (also called VEGI).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

TWEAK belongs to the TNF family of ligands and signals through TWEAKR also known as TNFRSF12A. TWEAK is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the adult heart, pancreas, skeletal muscle, small intestine, spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes. TWEAK has the ability to induce NFkB activation and chemokine secretion, and to exert an apoptotic activity in certain cells, such as HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells when cultured in the presence of IFN-γ. TWEAK also promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Recombinant human TWEAK is a soluble 17.0 kDa polypeptide (154 amino acid residues) comprising the TNF homologous region of TWEAK and is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length membrane anchored TWEAK protein.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that also has an important role in immunity. Mouse IL-6 appears to be directly involved in the responses that occur after infection and injury and may prove to be as important as IL-1 in regulating the acute phase response. Mouse IL-6 is reported to be produced by fibroblasts, activated T cells, activated monocytes or macrophages, and endothelial cells. It acts upon a variety of cells, including fibroblasts, myeloid progenitor cells, T cells, B cells and hepatocytes. IL-6 has a wide variety of biological functions: it plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells, it induces myeloma and plasmacytoma growth, nerve cells differentiation in hepatocytes, and acute phase reactants.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3; TNFRSF6B; M68) is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. DcR3 shares sequence identity with OPG (31%), TNF-RII (29%) and Fas (17%) and is expressed in a variety of different tissues and at high levels in many malignant tumours. Ligands of DcR3 include Fas ligand, homologous to lymphotoxin showing inducible expression and competing with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator (a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes), TNF-like molecule 1A and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. DcR3 modulates the function of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. DcR3/Fc fusion proteins can bind to human and mouse B cells and suppress the activation of B cells.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine produced by type 2 helper T cells, the Th2 cells. These cells tends to make a specific set of lymphokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-3 and GM-CSF and fail to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). In addition, mast cells can produce IL-4. IL-4 exerts numerous effects on various hematopoietic cell types. On B cells, IL-4 promotes immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and IgG1 isotypes and upregulates MHC class II and CD23 expression. IL-4 promotes survival, growth, and differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes, mast cells and endothelial cells. In addition, IL-4 inhibits the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 by macrophages.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine produced by type 2 helper T cells, the Th2 cells. These cells tends to make a specific set of lymphokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-3 and GM-CSF and fail to produce IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta). In addition, mast cells can produce IL-4. IL-4 exerts numerous effects on various hematopoietic cell types. On B cells, IL-4 promotes immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and IgG1 isotypes and upregulates MHC class II and CD23 expression. IL-4 promotes survival, growth and differentiation of both T and B lymphocytes, mast cells and endothelial cells. In addition, IL-4 inhibits the production of TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 by macrophages.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Protein S100-A8(Mrp8) contains 2 EF-hand domains and belongs to the S-100 family. Mrp8 binds two calcium ions per molecule with an affinity similar to that of the S-100 proteins. S100 proteins are localised in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. It may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and as a cytokine. Altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

TL1A Antibody: Members in the TNF and its receptor superfamilies regulate immune responses and induce apoptosis. DR3 (also termed Wsl-1, Apo-3, TRAMP, and LARD) is preferentially expressed by T lymphocytes and upregulated during T cell activation. The ligand for DR3 was recently identified and designated TL1A. TL1A also binds decoy receptor DcR3/TR6, which is expressed in several lung and colon carcinomas and in some normal tissues. TL1A induces apoptosis and NF-kappa B activation in DR3 expressing cells, which is antagonized by DcR3. TL1A is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1. TL1A is a longer variant of TL1 (also called VEGI).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Ephrin-A1 is a member of the A-type ephrin family of cell surface proteins that function as ligands for the A-type Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family. Ephrin-A1 can be induced by TNF and IL1B. Its expression levels can be down-regulated in primary glioma tissues compared to the normal tissues. The soluble monomeric form is expressed in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and breast cancer cells. Soluble Ephrin-A1 is necessary for the transformation of HeLa and SK-BR3 cells and participates in the relocalization of EPHA2 away from sites of cell-cell contact during transformation. Ephrin-A1 plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization.

Supplier: Bioss

UTF1 is a 341 amino acid protein that localizes to the nucleus and is subject to post-translational phosphorylation. Associating with the TFIID complex via an interaction with the TATA box binding protein (TFIID), UTF1 binds to the N-terminal region of ATF-2 and, via this binding, acts as a transcriptional coactivator of ATF-2, thereby enhancing transcriptional activity. Human UTF1 shares 64% homology with its mouse counterpart, suggesting a similar role between species. The gene encoding UTF1 maps to human chromosome 10, which houses over 1,200 genes and comprises nearly 4.5% of the human genome. Defects in some of the genes that map to chromosome 10 are associated with Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Usher syndrome, nonsyndromatic deafness, Wolman’s syndrome, Cowden syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and porphyria.

Supplier: Bioss

Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. Sp6, also known as EPFN, EPIPROFIN or KLF14, is a 376 amino acid protein that localizes to the nucleus and contains three C2H2-type zinc fingers. Expressed ubiquitously with higher expression in developing teeth, hair follicles and limb buds, Sp6 functions to bind GC-rich sequences and related GT and CACCC boxes, thereby promoting cellular proliferation. Human Sp6 shares 96% sequence homology with its mouse counterpart, suggesting a conserved role between species. The gene encoding Sp6 maps to human chromosome 17, which comprises over 2.5% of the human genome and encodes over 1,200 genes.

Supplier: Bioss

Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins. Inhibits activation of NF-kappa-B in response to LTBR stimulation. Inhibits TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B. Down-regulates proteolytic processing of NFKB2, and thereby inhibits non-canonical activation of NF-kappa-B. Promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of MAP3K14.

Supplier: Bioss

The kinesin motor proteins include at least two forms of conventional kinesin encoded by different genes and designated as ubiquitous kinesin, which is expressed in all cells and tissues, or neuronal kinesin, which is expressed exclusively in neural cells. Kinesin is a microtubule associated protein comprised of three different structural domains. A considerable globular N-terminal domain regulates the hydrolysis of ATP and also microtubule binding while central coiled-coil domains promote heavy chain dimerization. Lastly, small globular C-terminal domains interact with kinesin light chains, membranous organelles and vesicles. Expression of ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain, also designated UKHC, is found subcellularly in areas of heavy vesicular trafficking such as the microtubule pathways of neural cells and also the Golgi of non-neural cell types.

Supplier: Bioss

The kinesin motor proteins include at least two forms of conventional kinesin encoded by different genes and designated as ubiquitous kinesin, which is expressed in all cells and tissues, or neuronal kinesin, which is expressed exclusively in neural cells. Kinesin is a microtubule associated protein comprised of three different structural domains. A considerable globular N-terminal domain regulates the hydrolysis of ATP and also microtubule binding while central coiled-coil domains promote heavy chain dimerization. Lastly, small globular C-terminal domains interact with kinesin light chains, membranous organelles and vesicles. Expression of ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain, also designated UKHC, is found subcellularly in areas of heavy vesicular trafficking such as the microtubule pathways of neural cells and also the Golgi of non-neural cell types.

Supplier: Bioss

Involved in adaptive response to hypoxia. Suppresses hypoxia-inducible expression of HIF1A and EPAS1. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TACGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. The complex HIF3A-ARNT activates the transcription of reporter genes driven by HRE. Isoform 4 has a dominant-negative function of inactivating HIF1A-mediated transcription. Isoform 4 attenuates the binding of HIF1A to hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE), thus inhibiting HRE-driven transcription. Hypoxia induces down-regulation of isoform 4, leading to activation of HIF1A in hypoxia. Conversely, upon restoring normoxia, the expression of isoform 4 increases and thereby secure an inhibition of HIF1A activity. Isoform 4 may be a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible gene expression in the kidney and may be involved in renal tumorigenesis. Functions as an inhibitor of angiogenesis in the cornea (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of theTNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is expressed preferentiallyin the tissues enriched in lymphocytes, and it may play a role inregulating lymphocyte homeostasis. This receptor has been shown tostimulate NF-kappa B activity and regulate cell apoptosis. Thesignal transduction of this receptor is mediated by various deathdomain containing adaptor proteins. Knockout studies in micesuggested the role of this gene in the removal of self-reactive Tcells in the thymus. Multiple alternatively spliced transcriptvariants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have beenreported, most of which are potentially secreted molecules. Thealternative splicing of this gene in B and T cells encounters aprogrammed change upon T-cell activation, which predominantlyproduces full-length, membrane bound isoforms, and is thought to beinvolved in controlling lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cellactivation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Supplier: Bioss

TSLPR is a type I membrane receptor that forms a functional heterodimeric complex with IL7R to bind TSLP. The TSLP R contains a WSXWS motif required for proper protein folding and a box1 motif important for association with the JAKs. TSLPR has a predicted molecular weight approximately 41 kD, and two further isoforms have been reported that are produced by alternative splicing. The TSLPR is expressed preferentially in myeloid cells including dendritic cells and activated monocytes, and is weakly expressed in T cells. Expression has also been reported in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney tissues. TSLP binding to the heterodimeric functional receptor (TSLPR and IL7R) activates JAK2, STAT3 and STAT5 to stimulate cell proliferation. Ligand receptor interactions haves been implicated in the development of the hematopoietic system, dendritic cell maturation, and the maintenance and polarization of human Th2 memory T cells in allergic diseases.