118489 Results for: "Butelki+i+butle&pageNo=30"

Supplier: Bioss

Fibrillins are structural components of 10-12 nm extracellular calcium-binding microfibrils, which occur either in association with elastin or in elastin-free bundles. Fibrillin-1-containing microfibrils provide long-term force bearing structural support. Regulates osteoblast maturation by controlling TGF-beta bioavailability and calibrating TGF-beta and BMP levels, respectively.

Supplier: Bioss

During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), certain forms of short-term synaptic plasticity, as well as homeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability.

Supplier: Bioss

Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair and apoptosis in response to the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. Following activation, phosphorylates numerous effectors preferentially at the consensus sequence [L-X-R-X-X-S/T]. Regulates cell cycle checkpoint arrest through phosphorylation of CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C, inhibiting their activity. Inhibition of CDC25 phosphatase activity leads to increased inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK-cyclin complexes and blocks cell cycle progression. May also phosphorylate NEK6 which is involved in G2/M cell cycle arrest. Regulates DNA repair through phosphorylation of BRCA2, enhancing the association of RAD51 with chromatin which promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination. Also stimulates the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair (including BRCA2) through the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor FOXM1. Regulates apoptosis through the phosphorylation of p53/TP53, MDM4 and PML. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 at 'Ser-20' by CHEK2 may alleviate inhibition by MDM2, leading to accumulation of active p53/TP53. Phosphorylation of MDM4 may also reduce degradation of p53/TP53. Also controls the transcription of pro-apoptotic genes through phosphorylation of the transcription factor E2F1. Tumor suppressor, it may also have a DNA damage-independent function in mitotic spindle assembly by phosphorylating BRCA1. Its absence may be a cause of the chromosomal instability observed in some cancer cells.

Supplier: Bioss

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) mediate the NADP+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes into acids and play an important role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde, as well as in lipid peroxidation and in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines and neurotransmitters. ALDH9A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1), also known as E3, ALDH4, ALDH7, ALDH9 or TMABADH, is a 494 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that is highly expressed in adult liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and embryonic brain. ALDH9A1 converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine and catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in a NAD-dependent reaction.

Supplier: Bioss

Newcastle disease virus

Supplier: Bioss

Neuronal migration of the central nervous system is a specialized form of cell motility that takes place in the laminar structure of the cortical regions of brain. Astrotactin is a neuronal cell surface protein expressed on postmitotic neuronal precursors in the cerebellum, hippocampus, cerebrum, and olfactory bulb. Astrotactin 2 is a paralog of Astrotactin. Astrotactin mediates neuron-astroglial interactions and is also implicated in synaptic development as well as many other neuronal activities. Astrotactin has three epidermal growth factor repeat domains and two fibronectin type III repeat domains. The human Astrotactin gene shows extensive homology to the mouse Astrotactin gene. Mutations in the Astrotactin gene are linked to neuronal migration defects in both species.

Supplier: Bioss

May be a transcription factor required for the apoptosis response following survival factor withdrawal from myeloid cells. Might also have a role in the development and maturation of lymphoid cells.

Supplier: Bioss

GCN2 belongs to a family of kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 to downregulate protein synthesis in response to varied cellular stresses.

Supplier: Bioss

ARMC3 contains 12 ARM repeats. ARM (Armadillo/beta-catenin-like) domains are imperfect 45-amino acid repeats involved in protein-protein interactions. ARM domain-containing proteins, such as ARMC3, function in signal transduction, development, cell adhesion and mobility, and tumor initiation and metastasis. The specific function of ARMC3 is not yet known.

Supplier: Bioss

May play a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier.

Supplier: Bioss

HCE.

Supplier: Bioss

The finding that mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has resulted in considerable interest in the understanding of the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair. Initially, inherited mutations in the MSH2 and MLH1 homologs of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair genes MutS and MutL were demonstrated at high frequency in HNPCC and were shown to be associated with microsatellite instability. The demonstration that 10 to 45% of pancreatic, gastric, breast, ovarian and small cell lung cancers also display microsatellite instability has been interpreted to suggest that DNA mismatch repair is not restricted to HNPCC tumors but is a common feature in tumor initiation or progression. Two additional homologs of the prokaryotic MutL gene, designated PMS1 and PMS2, have been identified and shown to be mutated in the germline of HNPCC patients.

Supplier: Bioss

PAGE4 belongs to the GAGE family of genes which are expressed in a variety of tumors and in some fetal and reproductive tissues. PAGE4 is strongly expressed in prostate and prostate cancer, but is also expressed in other male and female reproductive tissues including testis, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, as well as in testicular cancer and uterine cancer.

Supplier: Bioss

RAI3 is an transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor that affects many essential biological processes including embryogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. RAI3 may also be involved in maintaining homeostasis of epithelial cells. Retinoic acid receptors directly regulate RAI3 during its transcription in embryonal carcinoma differentiation. RAI3 expression is upregulated in most tumor cell lines that express mutant p53, suggesting that p53 interacts with the promoter of RAI3 and represses its expression at the beginning of apoptosis. RAI3 is a potential molecular target for diagnosing breast cancer, and selective suppression of signals from RAI3 may have a place in breast cancer treatments.

Supplier: Bioss

ANKRD13A

Supplier: Bioss

Encoding over 1,100 genes within 132 million bases, chromosome 12 makes up about 4.5% of the human genome. A number of skeletal deformities are linked to chromosome 12 including hypochondrogenesis, achondrogenesis and Kniest dysplasia. Noonan syndrome, which includes heart and facial developmental defects among the primary symptoms, is caused by a mutant form of PTPN11 gene product, SH-PTP2. Chromosome 12 is also home to a homeobox gene cluster which encodes crucial transcription factors for morphogenesis, and the natural killer complex gene cluster encoding C-type lectin proteins which mediate the NK cell response to MHC I interaction. Trisomy 12p leads to facial development defects, seizure disorders and a host of other symptoms varying in severity depending on the extent of mosaicism and is most severe in cases of complete trisomy. The FAM101A gene product has been provisionally designated FAM101A pending further characterization.

Supplier: Bioss

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV42H1 and SUV42H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-2' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. Mediates transcriptional repression by SMARCA4/BRG1 by recruiting a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex to the c-FOS promoter. In resting neurons, transcription of the c-FOS promoter is inhibited by BRG1-dependent recruitment of a phospho-RB1-HDAC1 repressor complex. Upon calcium influx, RB1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin, which leads to release of the repressor complex (By similarity). In case of viral infections, interactions with SV4 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: Bioss

May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses.

Supplier: Bioss

Calcyclin, also known as Protein S100-A6, growth factor-inducible protein 2A9, S-100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S-100A6) or MLN 4, is a homodimeric member of the S-100 calcium-binding protein family whose expression is upregulated in proliferating and differentiating cells. Calcyclin is inducible by growth factors and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemias. It is expressed in a cell-specific manner in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes and in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Calcyclin is a specific target of S-100B protein in vivo. The binding of Calcyclin to S-100B is stabilized by S-100B-bound calcium and zinc. Calcyclin associates with both Annexin XI and CacyBP (calcyclin-binding protein). It functions to activate several processes along the calcium signal transduction pathway including the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, secretion and exocytosis.

Supplier: Bioss

RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing events by binding to 5'-UGCAUGU-3' elements. Regulates alternative splicing of tissue-specific exons and of differentially spliced exons during erythropoiesis.Predominantly expressed in muscle and brain.

Supplier: Bioss

The transcpritional repressor ZBRK1, also designated zinc finger and BRCA1-interacting protein with a KRAB domain 1 or zinc finger protein 350, belongs to the Krüppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family of proteins. ZBRK1 localizes mainly to the nucleus and may be associated with the nuclear matrix. It is a widely expressed protein that binds to BRCA1. ZBRK1 plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. Likely targets of gene regulation are DNA damage response genes, which effect the survival and growth control of cells. ZBRK1 contains an N-terminal KRAB domain, a C-terminal BRCA1-binding region and eight central zinc-fingers.

Supplier: Bioss

Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type. Probably performs an important function, perhaps in regulatory processes such as cell cycle control.Tissue specificity: Expressed in a variety of lymphoid cell lines.

Supplier: Bioss

COPA (alpha-coat protein) is processed to produce Xenin. Xenin stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion to affect small and large intestinal motility, and inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated secretion of acid. In the gut, Xenin interacts with the neurotensin receptor. Membrane and vesicular trafficking in the early secretory pathway are mediated by non-Clathrin COP (coat protein) I-coated vesicles. COPI-coated vesicles mediate retrograde transport from the Golgi back to the ER and intra-Golgi transport. The cytosolic precursor of the COPI coat, the heptameric coatomer complex, is composed of two subcomplexes. The first consists of the COPB, COPG, COPD and COPZ subunits (also known as b-, g-, d- and z-COP, respectively), which are distantly homologous to AP Clathrin adaptor subunits. The second consists of the COPA, b'-COP and COPE subunits (also known as a-COP, COPP and e-COP, respectively).

Supplier: Bioss

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

Supplier: Bioss

Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and in regulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, glucose uptake, vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. Required for normal down-regulation of the expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, in response to FGF19. Phosphorylates PLCG1 and FRS2. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Promotes SRC-dependent phosphorylation of the matrix protease MMP14 and its lysosomal degradation. FGFR4 signaling is down-regulated by receptor internalization and degradation; MMP14 promotes internalization and degradation of FGFR4. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activation or impair normal FGFR4 inactivation lead to aberrant signaling.

Supplier: Bioss

Plays important roles in controlling the metabolism of fatty acids at differents levels. Acts as a magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol during triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. Acts also as nuclear transcriptional coactivator for PPARGC1A/PPARA regulatory pathway to modulate lipid metabolism gene expression. Is involved in adipocyte differentiation. Isoform 1 is recruited at the mitochondrion outer membrane and is involved in mitochondrial fission by converting phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol.

Supplier: Bioss

This gene uses alternative splicing to generate two different proteins- high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). HMWK is essential for blood coagulation and assembly of the kallikrein-kinin system. Also, bradykinin, a peptide causing numerous physiological effects, is released from HMWK. In contrast to HMWK, LMWK is not involved in blood coagulation. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009].

Supplier: Bioss

This protein functions in trans to edit the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) (by similariy). There are 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

Supplier: Bioss

Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity).

Supplier: Bioss

May act as a redox regulator involved in DUOX proteins folding. The interaction with DUOX1 and DUOX2 suggest that it belongs to a multiprotein complex constituting the thyroid H(2)O(2) generating system. It is however not sufficient to assist DUOX1 and DUOX2 in H(2)O(2) generation.