118494 Results for: "Butelki+i+butle&pageNo=30"

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Receptor that mediates the recognition, internalization and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by vascular endothelial cells. OxLDL is a marker of atherosclerosis that induces vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, resulting in pro-inflammatory responses, pro-oxidative conditions and apoptosis. Its association with oxLDL induces the activation of NF-kappa-B through an increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen and a variety of pro-atherogenic cellular responses including a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) release, monocyte adhesion and apoptosis. In addition to binding oxLDL, it acts as a receptor for the HSP70 protein involved in antigen cross-presentation to naive T-cells in dendritic cells, thereby participating in cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Also involved in inflammatory process, by acting as a leukocyte-adhesion molecule at the vascular interface in endotoxin-induced inflammation. Also acts as a receptor for advanced glycation end (AGE) products, activated platelets, monocytes, apoptotic cells and both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

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This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012].

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Defects in SAMD9 are the cause of normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (NFTC). NFTC is an uncommon life-threatening disorder characterized by massive periarticular, and seldom visceral, deposition of calcified tumors.

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Converts sphingomyelin to ceramide. Also has phospholipase C activities toward 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphocholine and 1,2-diacylglycerolphosphoglycerol. Isoform 2 and isoform 3 have lost catalytic activity.Involvement in disease: Defects in SMPD1 are the cause of Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPDA) ; also known as Niemann-Pick disease classical infantile form. It is an early-onset lysosomal storage disorder caused by failure to hydrolyze sphingomyelin to ceramide. It results in the accumulation of sphingomyelin and other metabolically related lipids in reticuloendothelial and other cell types throughout the body, leading to cell death. Niemann-Pick disease type A is a primarily neurodegenerative disorder characterized by onset within the first year of life, mental retardation, digestive disorders, failure to thrive, major hepatosplenomegaly, and severe neurologic symptoms. The severe neurological disorders and pulmonary infections lead to an early death, often around the age of four. Clinical features are variable. A phenotypic continuum exists between type A (basic neurovisceral) and type B (purely visceral) forms of Niemann-Pick disease, and the intermediate types encompass a cluster of variants combining clinical features of both types A and B.

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TLK1 is a nuclear serine/threonine kinases that are potentially involved in the regulation of chromatin assembly. TLK1 is rapidly and transiently inhibited by phosphorylation following the generation of DNA double-stranded breaks during S-phase. This is cell cycle checkpoint and ATM-pathway dependent and appears to regulate processes involved in chromatin assembly. Isoform 3 phosphorylates and enhances the stability of the t-SNARE SNAP23, augmenting its assembly with syntaxin.

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Representing about 2% of human DNA, chromosome 20 consists of approximately 63 million bases and 600 genes. Chromosome 20 contains a region with numerous genes expressed in the epididymis, which are thought important for seminal production, and some viewed as potential targets for male contraception. The PRNP gene encoding the prion protein associated with spongiform encephalopathies, like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is found on chromosome 20. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, ring chromosome 20 epilepsy syndrome and Alagille syndrome are also associated with chromosome 20. The C20orf187 gene product has been provisionally designated C20orf187 pending further characterization.

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NLGN4Y

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HN1

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The cell division control protein cdc2, also known as cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) or p34/cdk1, plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it is required for entry into S phase and mitosis. Cdc2 exists as a complex with both cyclin A and cyclin B. The best characterized of these associations is the Cdc2 p34 cyclin B complex, which is required for the G2 to M phase transition. Activation of Cdc2 is controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of threonine 161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of Tyr15 and Tyr14. Phosphorylation at Tyr15 and inhibition of Cdc2 is carried out by WEE1 and MIK protein kinases while Tyr15 dephosphorylation and activation of Cdc2 is carried out by the cdc25 phosphatase. The isoform CDC2deltaT is found in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, cdc2/Cdk1 is a key mediator of neuronal cell death in brain development and degeneration.

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SCGB3A1 is a potential growth inhibitory cytokine.

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The Zyxin family of proteins contains five members: Ajuba, Limd1, LPP, TRIP6 and Zyxin. Limd1 (LIM domain-containing protein 1) is a ubiquitously expressed tumor suppressor containing 3 LIM zinc-binding domains. LIM domains consist of a cysteine-rich consensus sequence containing two distinct zinc-binding subdomains, which mediate protein-protein interactions. Limd1 interacts with the proteins SQSTM1, Rb, p62 and TRAF6. Limd1 was first identified when the deletion of its gene was noted in some cervical cancers. Limd1 blocks in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and is down-regulated in lung cancer. Limd1 may regulate osteoclast development under stressful conditions via its interactions with TRAF6 and p62.

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Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity.

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Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidative cleavage of spermidine and the subsequent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein to form the intermediate deoxyhypusine residue.

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Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion. Acts as a negative regulator of centrosome cohesion. Involved in the CDK2/PTPN6/CTNNB1/CEACAM1 pathway of insulin internalization. Blocks anoikis of malignant kidney and intestinal epithelial cells and promotes their anchorage-independent growth by down-regulating DAPK2. Disrupts PML function and PML-NB formation by inhibiting RANBP2-mediated sumoylation of PML.

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Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, such as DTL/CDT2, BCL6 and PRDM1/BLIMP1. The SCF(FBXO11) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of BCL6, thereby playing a role in the germinal center B-cells terminal differentiation toward memory B-cells and plasma cells. The SCF(FBXO11) complex also mediates ubiquitination and degradation of DTL, an important step for the regulation of TGF-beta signaling, cell migration and the timing of the cell-cycle progression and exit. Binds to and neddylates phosphorylated p53/TP53, inhibiting its transcriptional activity. SCF(FBXO11) does not seem to direct ubiquitination of p53/TP53.

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HBLD1.

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CHCHD6

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C1orf77, also known as Friend of PRMT1 protein, is a 248 amino acid protein that plays an essential role in the ligand-dependent activation of estrogen receptor target genes. C1orf77 is tightly associated with chromatin and is modified by both asymmetric and symmetric arginine methylation. Depletion of C1orf77 results in almost complete block of estradiol-induced promter occupancy by the estrogen receptor. Also, complete knockdown of C1orf77 mRNA in adult erythroid progenitors stongly induces fetal hemoglobin, suggesting that C1orf77 is a critical modulator of _-globin gene expression. There are two isoforms of C1orf77 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events. The gene encoding C1orf77 maps to human chromosome 1, the largest human chromosome spanning about 260 million base pairs and making up 8% of the human genome. There are about 3,000 genes on chromosome 1, and considering the great number of genes there are also a large number of diseases associated with chromosome 1.

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The THYN1 gene encodes a protein which is highly conserved among vertebrates and plant species, and may be involved in the induction of apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

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This gene product belongs to the histone deacetylase family. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes, and are responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues at the N-terminal regions of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). This protein forms transcriptional repressor complexes by associating with many different proteins, including YY1, a mammalian zinc-finger transcription factor. Thus, it plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010].

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Catalyzes the post-translational methylation of isoprenylated C-terminal cysteine residues.Tissue specificity:Ubiquitously expressed. Expressed at higher levels in the cerebellum and putamen than in other brain regions. Abundant expression seen in the Purkinje cells and pontine neurons.

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Catalyses the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol.

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Belonging to the CAF17 subfamily of the gcvT family, C1orf69 is a 356 amino acid mitochondrial protein that is required for normal heme synthesis. Heme synthesis is dependent upon receiving iron through iron sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis proteins such as C1orf69, which is specifically thought to assemble Fe-S clusters for mitochondrial aconitase and lipoate synthase. In zebrafish, deficiency of C1orf69 causes anemia. The gene encoding C1orf69 maps to human chromosome 1, the largest human chromosome spanning about 260 million base pairs and making up 8% of the human genome. There are about 3,000 genes on chromosome 1, and considering the great number of genes there are also a large number of diseases associated with chromosome 1.

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EphB1, previously known as Elk (eph like kinase), is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the highly tissue restricted family of eph proteins. EphB1 and other ephB family members are type 1 membrane spanning proteins, comprised of immunoglobulin, fibronectin type III, and cysteine rich subdomains in the ecto domain, and the single uninterrupted cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain upstream of a carboxyterminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. EphB family proteins bind ephrins of the B class. EphB1 is expressed predominately in developing neural structures in embryos, and in vascular epithelium of kidney, and other tissues. Upon binding to alternatively oligomerized ephrin B1, EphB1 signals regulation of cell attachment and cell to cell assembly. Members of this protein family are implicated in neuronal and vascular cell targeting.

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NuMA (Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein) is an intranuclear protein and present in nucleus during interphase. At the onset of mitosis, it redistributes from the nucleus to two centrosomal structures that later will become part of the mitotic spindle pole. After anaphase, the protein redistributes from the spindle polar region into reforming nucleus. NuMA is an essential protein during mitosis for the terminal phases of chromosome separation and/or nuclear reassembly. Recently a study shows that NuMA is cleaved to a 180 to 200kDa during apoptosis.

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Involved in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Binds to DNA and to DNA ligase IV (LIG4). The LIG4-XRCC4 complex is responsible for the NHEJ ligation step, and XRCC4 enhances the joining activity of LIG4. Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends.

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May play a role in growth regulation. Is associated with G2/M phase arrest in response to DNA damage. May be an intermediate by which p53 mediates its role as an inhibitor of cellular proliferation (By similarity).

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FOLH1B

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Involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Interacts with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3P)) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) (PubMed:12198132). Acts in part as component of the retromer membrane-deforming SNX-BAR subcomplex. The SNX-BAR retromer mediates retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and is involved in endosome-to-plasma membrane transport for cargo protein recycling. The SNX-BAR subcomplex functions to deform the donor membrane into a tubular profile called endosome-to-TGN transport carrier (ETC) (Probable). Can sense membrane curvature and has in vitro vesicle-to-membrane remodeling activity (PubMed:19816406, PubMed:23085988). Involved in retrograde endosome-to-TGN transport of lysosomal enzyme receptors (IGF2R, M6PR and SORT1) and Shiginella dysenteria toxin stxB. Plays a role in targeting ligand-activated EGFR to the lysosomes for degradation after endocytosis from the cell surface and release from the Golgi (PubMed:12198132, PubMed:15498486, PubMed:17550970, PubMed:17101778, PubMed:18088323, PubMed:21040701). Involvement in retromer-independent endocytic trafficking of P2RY1 and lysosomal degradation of protease-activated receptor-1/F2R (PubMed:16407403, PubMed:20070609). Promotes KALRN- and RHOG-dependent but retromer-independent membrane remodeling such as lamellipodium formation; the function is dependent on GEF activity of KALRN (PubMed:20604901). Required for endocytosis of DRD5 upon agonist stimulation but not for basal receptor trafficking (PubMed:23152498).

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Members of the BAGE gene family encode antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and are also known as CT (cancer/testis) antigens. Generated by juxtacentromeric shuffling of the MLL3 gene, the ancestral BAGE gene was expanded by acrocentric exchanges and/or juxtacentromeric movements.Generally, BAGE proteins are silent in all normal tissues with the exception of testis. BAGE2 and BAGE 3 (B melanoma antigen 2 and 3, respectively), also known as Cancer/testis antigen 2.2 and 2.3 (respectively), are 109 amino acid secreted proteins that are expressed in 22% of melanomas, lung and bladder carcinomas, and are also expressed in normal testis tissue. Like the genes encoding MAGE proteins, BAGE genes are most likely silenced by DNA methylation and/or chromatin compaction in normal tissues other than testis.