Supplier: Bioss

NUP160 is 1 of up to 60 proteins that make up the 120 MD nuclear pore complex, which mediates nucleoplasmic transport. NUP160 forms part of the Nup160 subcomplex in the nuclear pore which is composed of NUP160, Nup133, Nup107 and Nup96. This complex plays a role in RNA export and in tethering Nup98 and Nup153 to the nucleus. NUP160 is involved in poly(A)+ RNA transport.

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RNF11.

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After removal of the precursor signal peptide, the insulin receptor precursor is post-translationally cleaved into two chains (alpha and beta) that are covalently linked. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

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Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific genes. Also involved in the activation of numerous growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. In cerebellar granule neurons, phosphorylated and sumoylated MEF2A represses transcription of NUR77 promoting synaptic differentiation. Associates with chromatin to the ZNF16 promoter.

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Apolipoproteins are protein components of plasma lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA1) promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion. ApoA1 is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the plasma. It can function as a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase, which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. AI-BP (Apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein), also known as YjeF N-terminal domain-containing protein 1, is a 288 amino acid secreted protein that binds ApoA1, ApoA2 and HDL. Individuals with impaired renal function show an increased rate of AI-BP excretion, indicating that it is normally reabsorbed within the kidney tubules. AI-BP belongs to the YjeF N-terminal domain protein family, which includes proteins that are frequently involved in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. There are two isoforms of AI-BP that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

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Component of the MOZ/MORF complex which has a histone H3 acetyltransferase activity.

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Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. Phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1. Regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. Required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, and promotes the formation of Peyer's patch-like structures, a major component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage by caspase in sympathetic neurons and mediates cell migration in an integrin (e.g. ITGB1 and ITGB3)-dependent manner. Involved in the development of the neural crest. Active in the absence of ligand, triggering apoptosis through a mechanism that requires receptor intracellular caspase cleavage. Acts as a dependence receptor; in the presence of the ligand GDNF in somatotrophs (within pituitary), promotes survival and down regulates growth hormone (GH) production, but triggers apoptosis in absence of GDNF. Regulates nociceptor survival and size. Triggers the differentiation of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors. Mediator of several diseases such as neuroendocrine cancers; these diseases are characterized by aberrant integrins-regulated cell migration.

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Neurexins comprise a family of neuronal cell surface proteins, which include neurexin I (NRXN1), neurexin II (NRXN2), neurexin III (NRXN3) and Caspr (neurexin IV). Neurexins I-III are expressed as a and b isoforms. The a isoforms are made of three cassettes, which contain two LNS (Laminin A, Neurexins, Sex hormone-binding)-domains separated by EGF domains, followed by a transmembrane region and a 55 amino acid cytoplasmic C-terminal. The a isoforms bind to neurexophilins at the second LNS site and to the excitatory neurotoxin a-latrotoxin. The b isoforms have only one LNS-domain, bind to neuroligins, and play a role in the formation and remodeling of synapes. Caspr (for Contactin-Associated Protein 1, also designated Paranodin in mouse), contains an extracellular domain similar to the other three neurexins, and binds to the surface glycoprotein Contactin. Caspr and the closely related Caspr2, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila Neurexin IV (Nrx-IV), demarcate distinct subdomains in myelinated axons. Specifically, Caspr exists at the paranodal junctions, while Caspr2 colocalizes with Shaker-like K+ channels in the juxtaparanodal region. Caspr may play a role in the communication of glial cells and neurons during development.

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Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles.

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Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1 (By similarity). The functional specificity of the BCR complex depends on the BTB domain-containing protein as the substrate recognition component. BCR(KLHL42) is involved in ubiquitination of KATNA1. BCR(SPOP) is involved in ubiquitination of BMI1/PCGF4, BRMS1, H2AFY and DAXX, GLI2 and GLI3. Can also form a cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex containing homodimeric SPOPL or the heterodimer formed by SPOP and SPOPL; these complexes have lower ubiquitin ligase activity. BCR(KLHL9-KLHL13) controls the dynamic behavior of AURKB on mitotic chromosomes and thereby coordinates faithful mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis. BCR(KLHL12) is involved in ER-Golgi transport by regulating the size of COPII coats, thereby playing a key role in collagen export, which is required for embryonic stem (ES) cells division: BCR(KLHL12) acts by mediating monoubiquitination of SEC31 (SEC31A or SEC31B). BCR(KLHL3) acts as a regulator of ion transport in the distal nephron; by mediating ubiquitination of WNK4. The BCR(KLHL20) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in interferon response and anterograde Golgi to endosome transport: it mediates both ubiquitination leading to degradation and 'Lys-33'-linked ubiquitination (PubMed:20389280, PubMed:21840486, PubMed:21670212, PubMed:24768539).

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In eukaryotes, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions, including division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the protein phosphatases. In general, the protein phosphatase (PP) holoenzyme is a trimeric complex composed of a regulatory subunit, a variable subunit, and a catalytic subunit. Four major families of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits have been identified, designated PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin) and PP2C. An additional protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, PPX (also known as PP4) is a putative member of a novel PP family. The PP2A family comprises subfamily members PP2A Alpha and PP2A Beta. The PP2A catalytic subunit associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. Regulatory subunits include PP2A-A-Alpha and -A-Beta, PP2A-B-Alpha and -B-Beta, PP2A-C-Alpha and -C-Beta, PP2A-B56-Alpha, -B56-Beta, -B56-gamma and -B56-Delta.

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Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. Promotes phosphorylation of SHC1 and AKT1, and activation of the downstream effector MTOR. Promotes activation of RAS signaling and phosphorylation of downstream kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation of FES, FER, PTPN6/SHP, PTPN11/SHP-2, PLCG1, and STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Activation of wild-type FLT3 causes only marginal activation of STAT5A or STAT5B. Mutations that cause constitutive kinase activity promote cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis via the activation of multiple signaling pathways.

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This gene encodes an enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-L-iduronic acid residues of two glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. This hydrolysis is required for the lysosomal degradation of these glycosaminoglycans. Mutations in this gene that result in enzymatic deficiency lead to the autosomal recessive disease mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I).

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Apoptosis-inducing protein that, which can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2.

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Chromosome 3 is made up of about 214 million bases encoding over 1,100 genes. Notably, there is a chemokine receptor gene cluster and a variety of human cancer related loci on chromosome 3. Particular regions of the chromosome 3 short arm are deleted in many types of cancer cells. Key tumor suppressing genes on chromosome 3 encode apoptosis mediator RASSF1, cell migration regulator HYAL1 and angiogenesis suppressor SEMA3B. Marfan Syndrome, porphyria, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease are a few of the numerous genetic diseases associated with chromosome 3. The C3orf19 gene product has been provisionally designated C3orf19 pending further characterization.

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GUP1 is a 504 amino acid multipass membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that functions as a membrane bound O-acyltransferase. With specific expression in heart, GUP1 negatively regulates amino-terminal palmitoylation of Shh by HHAT, a protein that is required for Shh signaling. Deletion of the gene encoding GUP1 results in higher sensibility to specific sphinogolipid biosynthesis inhibitors and resistance to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, indicating that GUP1 is an essential component in lipid metabolism. Also, GUP1 also seems to be important for cell wall assembly and stability due to evidence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae GUP1 mutants, which exhibit altered plasma membrane lipid composition and membrane potential.

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MUC1 is a large cell surface mucin glycoprotein expressed by most glandular and ductal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cell lineages. It is expressed on most secretory epithelium, including mammary gland and some hematopoietic cells. It is expressed abundantly in lactating mammary glands and overexpressed abundantly in >90% breast carcinomas and metastases. Transgenic MUC1 has been shown to associate with all four cebB receptors and localize with erbB1 (EGFR) in lactating glands. The MUC1 gene contains seven exons and produces several different alternatively spliced variants. The major expressed form of MUC1 uses all seven exons and is a type 1 transmembrane protein with a large extracellular tandem repeat domain. The tandem repeat domain is highly O glycosylated and alterations in glycosylation have been shown in epithelial cancer cells.

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Tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3), also known as RING finger protein 22 (RNF22), RING finger protein 97 (RNF97) or brain-expressed RING finger protein (BERP), is a 744 amino acid member of the TRIM family, also known as the RING-B-box coiled-coil (RBCC) family. Members of the RBCC family have an N-terminal RING finger, followed by one or two zinc-binding domains (B-box domains), a leucine coiled-coil region and a variable C-terminal domain. Localized to cytoplasmic filaments, TRIM3 has been shown to interact with å-actinin-4 and myosin V, two proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Specifically, å-actinin-4 interacts with the RBCC domain of TRIM3, and the C-terminal tail of Myosin V interacts with with the unique C-terminal ∫-propeller domain of TRIM3. These associations suggest that TRIM3 may play a role in cell motility and cargo transport. Three named isoforms of TRIM3 exist as a result of alternative splicing events.

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Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

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Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA, including that of its own transcript. May be involved in cytoplasmic regulatory processes of mRNA metabolism such as pre-mRNA splicing. Its function in translational initiation regulation can either be enhanced by PAIP1 or repressed by PAIP2. Can probably bind to cytoplasmic RNA sequences other than poly(A) in vivo. Involved in translationally coupled mRNA turnover. Implicated with other RNA-binding proteins in the cytoplasmic deadenylation/translational and decay interplay of the FOS mRNA mediated by the major coding-region determinant of instability (mCRD) domain. Involved in regulation of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons; for the recognition of premature termination codons (PTC) and initiation of NMD a competitive interaction between UPF1 and PABPC1 with the ribosome-bound release factors is proposed.

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Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from a phosphate donor onto an acceptor amino acid in a substrate protein. By this basic mechanism, protein kinases mediate most of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, regulating cellular metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell movement, apoptosis, and differentiation. The protein kinase family is one of the largest families of proteins in eukaryotes, classified in 8 major groups based on sequence comparison of their tyrosine (PTK) or serine/threonine (STK) kinase catalytic domains. Epidermal Growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototype member of the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases. EGFR overexpression in tumors indicates poor prognosis and is observed in tumors of the head and neck, brain, bladder, stomach, breast, lung, endometrium, cervix, vulva, ovary, esophagus, stomach and in squamous cell carcinoma.

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Syntrophins are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane scaffold proteins that are components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex. This gene is a member of the syntrophin gene family and encodes the most common syntrophin isoform found in cardiac tissues. The N-terminal PDZ domain of this syntrophin protein interacts with the C-terminus of the pore-forming alpha subunit (SCN5A) of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. This protein also associates cardiac sodium channels with the nitric oxide synthase-PMCA4b (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase subtype 4b) complex in cardiomyocytes. This gene is a susceptibility locus for Long-QT syndrome (LQT) - an inherited disorder associated with sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia - and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This protein also associates with dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins at the neuromuscular junction and alters intracellular calcium ion levels in muscle tissue. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013].

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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. The similar protein in yeast has both D-lactate and D-glycerate dehydrogenase activities. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified.

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Members of the leucine-rich repeat family includes LRCH1, LRCH2, LRCH3 and LRCH4. All family members contain one calponin-homology domain and nine leucine-rich repeats. The best characterized leucine-rich repeat family member is LRCH4, which is suggested to be involved in ligand binding in the brain, with expression observed primarily in the hippocampus. As a cell adhesion molecule and signal receptor, LRCH4 may play an important role in maintenance of hippocampus-dependent memories, with defects in the gene possibly contributing to a loss of long-term memory. The gene encoding LRCH3 maps to human chromosome 3, which spans 200 million base pairs and encodes between 1,100 and 1,500 genes. There are three isoforms of LRCH3 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

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The exosome is a multi-subunit complex composed of several highly conserved proteins, some of which are 3’ to 5’ exoribonucleases. The complex is involved in a variety of cellular processes and is responsible for degrading unstable mRNAs that contain AU-rich (ARE) elements in their untranslated 3’ region. EXOSC10, also known as PMSCL, PMSCL2, p2, p3, p4, RRP6, Rrp6p, PM-Scl, or PM/Scl-100, is an 885 amino acid protein that contains one HRDC domain and one 3’-5’ enonuclease domain. Localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, EXOSC10 is part of the post-splicing exosome complex and is involved in mRNA surveillance, mRNA nuclear export and nonsense-mediated decay of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. against EXOSC10 have been found in patients with scleroderma and/or polymyositis (chronic diseases of the skin and muscle, respectively), suggesting that EXOSC10 may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Two isoforms of EXOSC10 exist due to alternative splicing events.

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Transcriptional repressor. Down-regulates transcription activation by NF-kappa-B by promoting the deacetylation of RELA at 'Lys-310'. Promotes HDAC1 binding to promoter regions. Down-regulates expression of anti-apoptotic genes that are controlled by NF-kappa-B. Promotes apoptosis in cells that have inadequate adherence to a substrate, a process called anoikis, and may thereby inhibit metastasis. May be a mediator of metastasis suppression in breast carcinoma.

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SEPT1 is a member of the septin family of GTPases. Members of this family are required for cytokinesis. SEPT1 is associated with the tau-based paired helical filament core, and may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

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This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein containing transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. Mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of human cancers, including hereditary cancers such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene and the use of alternate promoters result in multiple transcript variants and isoforms. Additional isoforms have also been shown to result from the use of alternate translation initiation codons (PMIDs: 12032546, 20937277). [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013].

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ACADVL (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain) catalyzes the first step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. It is specific to esters of long-chain and very long chain fatty acids such as palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. Deficiencies in ACADVL are associated with reduced myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiomyopathy.

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Protein kinase involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neuron. Phosphorylates MAP2K1, and thereby contributes to the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway.