1430 Results for: "hall&"
Anti-CANT1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
CANT1 belongs to the apyrase family.It is a calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. The enzyme has very low activity towards ADP and even lower activity towards ATP. And it does not hydrolyze AMP and GMP.
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Microvolt amplifier for demonstration instruments
Supplier: PHYWE
For measuring low currents AC/DC and DC voltages AC/DC eg Hall voltages and thermal voltages. High sensitivity and very good electrical stability. Well shielded from disturbing voltages. Overload protected up to 220 V AC/DC. The front is equipped with two scales 0 to 3 and 0 to 10 both with fine division, measuring area window and automatic function indication. The back is equipped with a function switch, measuring range switch, pushbutton for zero setting and steering wheel for electrical zero adjustment. There is also a printer connection.
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Lenti ORF clone of Human protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAB1), Myc-DDK-tagged 1 * 10 G
Supplier: OriGene
Lenti ORF clone of Human protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAB1), Myc-DDK-tagged 1 * 10 G
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Anti-APPBP1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 750)
Supplier: Bioss
Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBA3-NAE1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a NEDD8-UBA3 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of UBE2M. Necessary for cell cycle progression through the S-M checkpoint. Overexpression of NAE1 causes apoptosis through deregulation of NEDD8 conjugation.
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Anti-APPBP1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 680)
Supplier: Bioss
Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBA3-NAE1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a NEDD8-UBA3 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of UBE2M. Necessary for cell cycle progression through the S-M checkpoint. Overexpression of NAE1 causes apoptosis through deregulation of NEDD8 conjugation.
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3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, white powder
Supplier: MP Biomedicals
IBMX has been shown to be a potent, non-specific inhibitor of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP PDE)4, significantly more effective than theophylline. Also inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterases. IBMX inhibits cyclic nucleotide PDE with subsequent inhibition of cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis, resulting in accumulation of cyclic AMP and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 555)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 647)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 680)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 488)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy5.5®)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate))
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 350)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy3®)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-NMNAT1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
The coenzyme NAD and its derivatives are involved in hundreds of metabolic redox reactions and are utilized in protein ADP-ribosylation, histone deacetylation, and in some Ca (2+) signaling pathways. NMNAT (EC 2.7.7.1) is a central enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, catalyzing the condensation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) with the AMP moiety of ATP to form NAD or NaAD.The coenzyme NAD and its derivatives are involved in hundreds of metabolic redox reactions and are utilized in protein ADP-ribosylation, histone deacetylation, and in some Ca (2+) signaling pathways. NMNAT (EC 2.7.7.1) is a central enzyme in NAD biosynthesis, catalyzing the condensation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) with the AMP moiety of ATP to form NAD or NaAD (Zhang et al., 2003 [PubMed 12574164]).
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase))
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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The protein encoded by this gene has a C-terminal domain with tRNA 3+amp 8242 processing endoribonuclease activity, which catalyzes the removal of the 3' trailer from precursor tRNAs. 1 * 100 µG
Supplier: Bioworld Technology
The protein encoded by this gene has a C-terminal domain with tRNA 3+amp 8242 processing endoribonuclease activity, which catalyzes the removal of the 3' trailer from precursor tRNAs. 1 * 100 µG
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Anti-GRM6 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. GRM6 is part of Group III which is linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 750)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, white powder
Supplier: MP Biomedicals
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Metformin) is an antidiabetic agent that reduces blood glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Its metabolic effects, including the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, are mediated at least in part by activation of the LKB1-AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway. Activation of this pathway also appears to be involved in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of metformin in cancer cell lines.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy5®)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Anti-AMPK gamma 1/2/3 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy7®)
Supplier: Bioss
AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex comprising a catalytic a subunit and regulatory b and g subunits. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. AMPK is activated by high AMP and low ATP through a mechanism involving allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase known as AMPK kinase and inhibition of dephosphorylation. Activated AMPK can phosphorylate and regulate in vivo hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. The human AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 genes encode 548 amino acid and 552 amino acid proteins, respectively. Human AMPKb1 encodes a 271 amino acid protein and human AMPKb2 encodes a 272 amino acid protein. The human AMPKg1 gene encodes a 331 amino acid protein. Human AMPKg2 and AMPKg3, which are 569 and 492 amino acid proteins, respectively, contain unique N-terminal domains and may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the AMPK complex.
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Human/Mouse Recombinant TGF-beta 3
Supplier: STEMCELL Technologies
Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 3 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. TGF-beta 3 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins, thus regulating a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (Massagué; McDowell et al.). TGF-beta 3 enhances glycosaminoglycan production by mesenchymal stromal cells, stimulates scar-free healing, and improves glucose tolerance and phenotypic changes in adipocyte morphology (Hall et al.; Holton et al.). TGF-beta 3 induces proliferation of posterofrontal suture-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, and stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factors 2 and 18 (James et al.).
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Anti-GLI2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
GLI2 encodes a protein which belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger protein subclass of the Gli family. Members of this subclass are characterized as transcription factors which bind DNA through zinc finger motifs. These motifs contain conserved H-C links. Gli family zinc finger proteins are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and they are implicated as potent oncogenes in the embryonal carcinoma cell. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the cytoplasm and activates patched Drosophila homolog (PTCH) gene expression. It is also thought to play a role during embryogenesis. The encoded protein is associated with several phenotypes- Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, preaxial polydactyly type IV, postaxial polydactyly types A1 and B.
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Anti-SYK Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy3®)
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
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Anti-SYK Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 350)
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
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Anti-SYK Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 555)
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
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Anti-SYK Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Cy5®)
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
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Anti-Lysyl tRNA synthetase Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor® 680)
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.
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Anti-SYK Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (FITC (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate))
Supplier: Bioss
Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of diadenosine oligophosphate (Ap4A), a signaling molecule involved in the activation of MITF transcriptional activity. Interacts with HIV-1 virus GAG protein, facilitating the selective packaging of tRNA(3)(Lys), the primer for reverse transcription initiation.