45971 Results for: "Dibutyl+carbonate&pageNo=88"

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Receptor for CD70/CD27L. May play a role in survival of activated T-cells. May play a role in apoptosis through association with SIVA1.

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In contrast with other forms of FMO it does not seem to be a drug-metabolizing enzyme.

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This gene is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family activate Rho proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with RhoA within the cell nucleus and may play a role in repairing DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 7 and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms.

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FBXO31 belongs to the F-box protein family. Such proteins are characterized by an F-box motif of approximately 40 residues. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains. There are two different isoforms.

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Calcitonin causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones. Katacalcin is a potent plasma calcium-lowering peptide.

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The complement factor C3 consists of an alpha and a beta chain. C3 is a central factor in the complement cascade. It is central to the alternative pathway that leads to the C3 convertase C3bBb. The classical mannose binding lectin activation pathway leads to the C3 convertase C4b2a. These convertases cleave C3 resulting in C3a and C3b. Further degradation leads to the formation of the alpha chain products C3d, C3g and C3c. C3 is an acute phase protein that is produced by a wide range of tissues, including renal epithelial cells and hepatocytes.

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The Raf family of serine/threonine specific kinases is comprised of three members (aRaf, bRaf, and cRaf) that play a critical role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, and couple growth factor receptor stimulation to nuclear transcription factors via the Ras/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. cRaf kinase (also known as Raf1) is a small GTPase like kinase of 73 kDa, and is a signal transducer of multiple extracellular stimuli that is regulated by several pathways, and that once activated, phosphorylates MEK which in turn phosphorylates ERK. Raf1 is involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. It is part of the Ras dependent signaling pathway from receptors to the nucleus.

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The transcription factor GA-binding protein (GABP) is composed of two subunits, the Ets-related GABP-alpha and a GABP-alpha-associated subunit, GABP beta. GABP alpha binds to a specific DNA sequence and GABP beta exists as b1 and b2 splice variants that differ in their C-termini. In primary neuronal cultures, GABP beta is expressed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, whereas GABP alpha is expressed mainly in the nucleus. GABP is constitutively expressed as either a GABP alpha beta heterodimer or a GABP alpha b heterotetramer, both of which can modify GABP-dependent transcription in vitro and in vivo. The GABP alpha beta tetrameric complex performs many different functions, such as stimulating transcription of the adenovirus E4 gene, differentially activating BRCA1 expression in human breast cell lines, potentiating Tat-mediated activation of long terminal repeat promoter transcription and viral replication in certain cell types, acting as a coordinator of mitochrondrial and nuclear transcription for cytochrome oxidase in neurons and assisting in the regulation of rpL32 gene transcription.

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Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to hepatocyte growth factor/HGF ligand. Regulates many physiological processes including proliferation, scattering, morphogenesis and survival. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces autophosphorylation of MET on its intracellular domain that provides docking sites for downstream signaling molecules. Following activation by ligand, interacts with the PI3-kinase subunit PIK3R1, PLCG1, SRC, GRB2, STAT3 or the adapter GAB1. Recruitment of these downstream effectors by MET leads to the activation of several signaling cascades including the RAS-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, or PLCgamma-PKC. The RAS-ERK activation is associated with the morphogenetic effects while PI3K/AKT coordinates prosurvival effects. During embryonic development, MET signaling plays a role in gastrulation, development and migration of muscles and neuronal precursors, angiogenesis and kidney formation. In adults, participates in wound healing as well as organ regeneration and tissue remodeling. Promotes also differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Acts as a receptor for Listeria internalin inlB, mediating entry of the pathogen into cells.

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Receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). Mediates cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions through its affinity for HA, and possibly also through its affinity for other ligands such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Adhesion with HA plays an important role in cell migration, tumor growth and progression. In cancer cells, may play an important role in invadopodia formation. Also involved in lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, and in hematopoiesis. Altered expression or dysfunction causes numerous pathogenic phenotypes. Great protein heterogeneity due to numerous alternative splicing and post-translational modification events.

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E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome. Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2. Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO/SSA proteins have been identified. The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2.

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Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.

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GM130, a cis-Golgi matrix protein, interacts specifically with p115 and provides a membrane docking site. Both GM130 and p115 are involved in vesicle tethering to Golgi membranes. The protein p115 also binds p400, alternatively called giantin. Giantin, the majority of whose mass projects into the cytoplasm, is involved in the docking of COPI vesicles via p115 to the Golgi membrane. Giantin, which also is known as macrogolgin or Golgi complex-associated protein, is involved in cross-bridge formation in the Golgi complex. Giantin, which can form a homodimer, is a single-pass type I membrane protein that is an antigen in Sjoegren syndrome and in chronic rheumatoid arthritis.

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Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17-beta-estradiol. Regulates the plasma metabolic clearance rate of steroid hormones by controlling their plasma concentration.

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Receptor potentially involved in both adhesion and signaling processes early after leukocyte activation. Plays an essential role in leukocyte migration (By similarity).

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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the DEAD-like helicase superfamily. It shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD54 and RDH54, both of which are involved in homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein binds to double-stranded DNA, and displays ATPase activity in the presence of DNA. This gene is highly expressed in testis and spleen, which suggests active roles in meiotic and mitotic recombination. Homozygous mutations of this gene were observed in primary lymphoma and colon cancer.

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Expressed mainly in breast, thymus, prostate, fetal liver, colon, placenta, pancreas, small intestine, spinal cord, kidney, and bone marrow and to a lesser extent in many other tissues. Isoform 2 is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle.

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This gene encodes a member of the inositol monophosphatase family. The encoded protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphoadenosine phosphate (PAP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Mutations in this gene are a cause of GRAPP type chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1.

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Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8) is a highly glycosylated protein expressed only in neutrophils and eosinophils in humans. The precise function of CEACAM8 remains unclear. As a member of the family of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), it may play a role in the interaction between granulocytes or between granulocytes and epithelial cells. Expressed in leukocytes of chronic myeloid Leukemia patients and bone marrow.

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Probable regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Along with WWC1 can synergistically induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and LATS2 and can probably function in the regulation of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway. May act as a membrane stabilizing protein. May inhibit PI3 kinase by binding to AGAP2 and impairing its stimulating activity. Suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-VprBP/DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.

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Can mediate aggregation most likely through a homophilic molecular interaction.

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In contrast to growth factors which promote cell proliferation, FAS ligand (FAS-L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) rapidly induce apoptosis. Cellular response to FAS-L and TNF is mediated by structurally related receptors containing a conserved cytoplasmic region called the “death domain”. DAPL1 (Death-associated protein-like 1), also known as EEDA (Early epithelial differentiation-associated protein), is a 107 amino acid protein that is expressed in hair follicles and is thought to function in a similar manner to DAP-1, possibly participating in the early stages of epithelial differentiation and/or apoptosis.

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B cell adapter molecule is also designated dual adapter for phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositide (DAPP1) or B lymphocyte adapter protein. BAM32 is a B cell-associated adapter that is crucial for B cell antigen receptor signaling regulation. BAM32 interacts with Ptdlns and PLC g2 and, upon B cell activation, the protein is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. It is a mainly cytoplasmic protein that can translocate to the cell membrane after cell stimulation. BAM32, which contains one PH domain and one SH2 domain, is primarily expressed in placenta and lung tissues, but can also be detected in heart, liver, pancreas and brain.

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This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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Cleaves C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides such as angiotensin II, III and des-Arg9-bradykinin. This cleavage occurs at acidic pH, but enzymatic activity is retained with some substrates at neutral pH.

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GLT25D1 is a 622 amino acid protein that localizes to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Ubiquitously expressed with higher levels in placenta, heart, lung and spleen, GLT25D1 is a member of the glycosyltransferase 25 family. The beta-galactosyltransferase activity of GLT25D1 allows the transfer of beta-galactose to hydroxylysine residues of collagen. GLT25D1 is considered an important target for investigating the biological significance of collagen glycosylation and the importance of posttranslational modification in the etiology of connective tissue disorders. The gene encoding GLT25D1 is located on human chromosome 19, which consists of over 63 million bases, houses approximately 1,400 genes and is recognized for having the greatest gene density of the human chromosomes.

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Polyadenylation of mRNA precursors is a two-step reaction that requires multiple protein factors. The first step, endonucleolytic cleavage of polyadenylation substrates, requires CstF (cleavage stimulation factor), a heterotrimer that is composed of three distinct subunits. Heterotrimeric CstF recognizes GU- and U-rich sequences located downstream of the polyadenylation site on RNA. CstF-77 (cleavage stimulation factor, 77 kDa subunit), also known as CstF3, is one of the three subunits comprising CstF. It can exist as a homodimer and functions as the bridge, directly interacting with the other two CstF subunits, namely CstF-64 and CstF-50. CstF-77 is highly conserved among eukaryotes. It contains an Alpha-helical structure with 11 HAT (Half-a-TPR-containing) repeats and is essential for CstF assembly. In addition, CstF-77 is capable of interacting with CPSF1 and FCP1, other factors involved in polyadenylation.

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CBG is a monomeric enzyme involved in the absorption and metabolism of flavonoid glucosides. CBG is found predominately in the liver, but is also located in tissues such as spleen, small intestine and kidney. Through its catalytic activity, CBG is able to hydrolyze a variety of glycosides including phytoestrogens, cyanogens, and flavonols. Although its catalytic activity extends to many dietary flavonoids, CBG has increased specificity for hydrophobic aglycones such as beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-galactoside. Hydrolysis is inhibited by sodium taurocholate and glucosyl-sphingosine, both of which regulate CBG enzymatic activity. Deficiencies in CBG have been implicated in Gaucher’s disease, a lysosomal storage disease that causes a build up of fatty material in the spleen, liver, lung and kidneys.

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Associated to surface IgM-receptor; may be involved in signal transduction. Involved in regulation of the catalytic activity of the phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6 by protecting their partially folded catalytic subunits from degradative polyubiquitination until they associate with regulatory subunits.

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This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which are characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, it may play a role in myogenic growth and differentiation. Translocation of this gene with PAX3 has been associated with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. [provided by RefSeq].