52 Results for: "DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)"
DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt) (from fish sperm)
Supplier: VWR Chemicals
DNA, salt, from fish sperm is an effective blocking agent used to increase signal-to-noise ratio for detection during hybridisation.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from salmon testes)
Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals
DNA from salmon is commonly used in the preparation of pre-hybridisation and hybridisation solutions. These prepared solutions are used to block the non-specific attachment of probe to the surface of a membrane. The DNA solutions are prepared from highly pure, phenol/chloroform-extracted DNA, and DNase- and RNase-free (DEPC-treated) distilled, deionised water.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from calf thymus), purified
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Purified from calf thymus and activated by digestion with DNAse I.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from calf thymus)
Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals
DNA from calf thymus is commonly used in the preparation of pre-hybridisation and hybridisation solutions. Ideal for DNA polymerase assays. These prepared solutions are used to block the non-specific attachment of probe to the surface of a membrane. The DNA solutions are prepared from highly pure, phenol/chloroform-extracted DNA, and DNase- and RNase-free (DEPC-treated) distilled, deionised water.
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DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt) (from salmon testes)
Supplier: Apollo Scientific
DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt) (from salmon testes)
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DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt) (from salmon milt)
Supplier: TCI
DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt) (from salmon milt)
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Organic reference standard, Aflatoxin B1 solution, analytical standard, Supelco®
Supplier: Merck
Aflatoxin B1 is a mycotoxin found to be hepatocarcinogenic in nature. It has a strong affinity for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and binds to both native and denatured deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as indicated by spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis results.
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DNA sodium salt (Deoxyribonucleic acid sodium salt), M.W. 50000-100000 Da, pure
Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific
CAS No.: 68938-01-2
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Biotin) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF594) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF647) [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Biotin) [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF568) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF640R) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF405S) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF594) [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF405S) [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF640R) [clone: AE-2]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Double Stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds DNA) is the genetic material of all cells and many viruses and is a polymer of nucleotides. The monomer consists of phosphorylated 2-deoxyribose N-glycosidically linked to one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine. These are linked together by 3',5'-phosphodiester bridges. In the Watson-Crick double-helix model, two complementary strands are wound in a right-handed helix and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF488A) [clone: 121-3]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer of nucleotides that is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups. It holds the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. DNA is crucial for living organisms, and all known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. In eukaryotes, DNA exists in the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes; DNA is located in the cytoplasm. In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly associated pair of molecules in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Hydrogen bonds as well as forces generated by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking hold the two DNA strands together. During replication and transcription, portions of the helix unwind and become single stranded. Protective proteins surround these single-stranded DNA. Double stranded (ds) DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF405S) [clone: 121-3]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer of nucleotides that is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups. It holds the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. DNA is crucial for living organisms, and all known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. In eukaryotes, DNA exists in the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes; DNA is located in the cytoplasm. In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly associated pair of molecules in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Hydrogen bonds as well as forces generated by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking hold the two DNA strands together. During replication and transcription, portions of the helix unwind and become single stranded. Protective proteins surround these single-stranded DNA. Double stranded (ds) DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF647) [clone: 121-3]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer of nucleotides that is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups. It holds the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. DNA is crucial for living organisms, and all known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. In eukaryotes, DNA exists in the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes; DNA is located in the cytoplasm. In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly associated pair of molecules in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Hydrogen bonds as well as forces generated by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking hold the two DNA strands together. During replication and transcription, portions of the helix unwind and become single stranded. Protective proteins surround these single-stranded DNA. Double stranded (ds) DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: 121-3]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer of nucleotides that is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups. It holds the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. DNA is crucial for living organisms, and all known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. In eukaryotes, DNA exists in the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes; DNA is located in the cytoplasm. In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly associated pair of molecules in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Hydrogen bonds as well as forces generated by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking hold the two DNA strands together. During replication and transcription, portions of the helix unwind and become single stranded. Protective proteins surround these single-stranded DNA. Double stranded (ds) DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 1 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Biotin) [clone: 121-3]
Supplier: Biotium
This monoclonal antibody is part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of human cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells.,Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer of nucleotides that is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups. It holds the genetic instructions for the development and function of living things. DNA is crucial for living organisms, and all known cellular life and some viruses contain DNA. In eukaryotes, DNA exists in the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes; DNA is located in the cytoplasm. In living organisms, DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule, but instead as a tightly associated pair of molecules in the shape of a right-handed double helix. Hydrogen bonds as well as forces generated by the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking hold the two DNA strands together. During replication and transcription, portions of the helix unwind and become single stranded. Protective proteins surround these single-stranded DNA. Double stranded (ds) DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from fish sperm)
Supplier: Serva
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from fish sperm)
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) (from calf thymus), sonicated
Supplier: Cytiva
Genomic DNA sheared by sonication for use in hybridization experiments.
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF488A) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.
Expand 2 Items
Anti-Double Stranded DNA Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CF647) [clone: DSD/958]
Supplier: Biotium
This MAb recognizes the double stranded DNA in human cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in human cells. This MAb produces a homogeneous staining pattern in the nucleus of normal and malignant cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that stores long-term information regarding the development and function of all known living organisms. DNA consists of two long nucleotide polymers, which are composed of four bases, namely adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, all of which are flanked by a phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Normally, DNA exists as a double-stranded (ds) molecule that forms in the shape of a double helix, allowing the bases and the backbone of the two strands to interact, thus forming a polynucleotide. When the double helix is unwound (either by enzymes or heat), DNA exists as a single-stranded (ss) molecule that is less stable than the double helix, but is necessary for protein access to DNA bases. Double stranded DNA markers are useful tools in biology research and aid in the study of DNA behavior and characteristics.