41259 Results for: "Butyraldehyde+dibutyl+acetal&pageNo=67"

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Negative regulator of bone growth that acts through inhibition of Wnt signaling and bone formation.

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Functions as a dosage-dependent inducer in mitotic control. Tyrosine protein phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle. When phosphorylated, highly effective in activating G2 cells into prophase. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and activates its kinase activity.

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May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

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Receptor for TNFSF18. Seems to be involved in interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells and in the regulation of T-cell receptor-mediated cell death. Mediated NF-kappa-B activation via the TRAF2/NIK pathway (By similarity).

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Potential suppressor of squamous cell carcinomas.

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TLK1 is a nuclear serine/threonine kinases that are potentially involved in the regulation of chromatin assembly. TLK1 is rapidly and transiently inhibited by phosphorylation following the generation of DNA double-stranded breaks during S-phase. This is cell cycle checkpoint and ATM-pathway dependent and appears to regulate processes involved in chromatin assembly. Isoform 3 phosphorylates and enhances the stability of the t-SNARE SNAP23, augmenting its assembly with syntaxin.

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Plays an essential role in autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane.

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Syntaxin 13 is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the t-SNARE family, a group of proteins involved in protein transport. Confocal immunofluoresence and electron microscopy studies have shown that syntaxin 13 is primarily localized to tubular early and recycling endosomes, where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor, and it is also localized in endosomal vacuoles. Syntaxin 13 has been found to be expressed in all tissues, with higher levels of the protein found in brain, lung, spleen, thymus and testes. Immunoprecipitation studies show that syntaxin 13 complexes with beta-SNAP, VAMP2/3, and SNAP25. The binding of this complex to alpha-SNAP and NSF is terminated in the presence of ATP. These results suggest that syntaxin 13 is a SNARE protein which mediates the recycling protein flow through tubulo vesicular recycling endosomes.

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This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of this enzyme exist as likely products of a gene duplication event. The gene encoding this form, alpha, is localized to chromsome 17 and the beta gene is localized to chromosome 3. The gene encoding this enzyme functions as the target for several anticancer agents and a variety of mutations in this gene have been associated with the development of drug resistance. Reduced activity of this enzyme may also play a role in ataxia-telangiectasia.

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Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellites via the autophagic pathway.

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ZNF717

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Orphan nuclear receptor. May act concomitantly with NURR1 in regulating the expression of delayed-early genes during liver regeneration. Binds the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-AAAAGGTCA-3' (By similarity). May inhibit NF-kappa-B transactivation of IL2. Participates in energy homeostasis by sequestrating the kinase STK11 in the nucleus, thereby attenuating cytoplasmic AMPK activation.

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KNDC1 is a 1,749 amino acid protein that contains two KIND domains and an N-terminal Ras-GEF domain. Expressed in the cerebral cortex, KNDC1 is a likely guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Existing as six alternatively spliced isoforms, the gene encoding KNDC1 maps to human chromosome 10q26.3 and mouse chromosome 7 F4. Spanning nearly 135 million base pairs, chromosome 10 makes up approximately 4.5% of total DNA in cells and encodes nearly 1,200 genes. Several protein-coding genes, including those that encode for chemokines, cadherins, excision repair proteins, early growth response factors (Egrs) and fibroblast growth receptors (FGFRs), are located on chromosome 10. Defects in some of the genes that map to chromosome 10 are associated with Charcot-Marie Tooth disease, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Usher syndrome, nonsyndromatic deafness, Wolman’s syndrome, Cowden syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and porphyria.

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The PDGF Receptor Type A (Alpha platelet-derived growth factor receptor precursor, CD140a antigen), a 170kD protein, binds all three isoforms of PDGF with high affinity whereas the PDGF Receptor Type B, a 190kD protein, appears to bind only the PDGF BB homodimer with high affinity. Both receptors are transmembranous, ligand activated protein tyrosine kinases, which phosphorylate a number of important signal transduction proteins, which are bound with differential affinities via SH2 domains. The response of any given cell to PDGF will depend on the types of receptors displayed on the surface and isoforms of PDGF present in the extracellular environment.

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The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].

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May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

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Phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid are phospholipids involved in lipid biosynthesis and signal transduction. LPAAT-epsilon (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase epsilon, also designated 1-AGP acyltransferase 5 (AGPAT5)) catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidic acid from lysophosphatidic acid. LPAAT-epsilon is a membrane-bound protein belonging to the LPAAT family. Members of the LPAAT family have a well-known role in lipid biosynthesis and they may also play a role in tumor progression. LPAAT-epsilon is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in prostate and testis. LPAAT-epsilon is most closely related to AGPAT8, which is highly expressed in heart.

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There are three sorCS genes that have diverse, partially overlapping functions in the central nervous system. In the developing and mature central nervous system, the homologous SorCS1 and SorCS2 genes and the SorCS3 gene are expressed in a combinatorial, non-overlapping pattern. SorCS proteins show homology to the mosaic receptor SorLA and the neurotensin receptor sortilin, based on a common VPS10 domain, which is the hallmark of the SorCS receptor family. SorCS1 is a type 1 receptor containing a VPS10P domain and a leucine-rich domain. Alternative splicing of human SorCS1 results in four isoforms with different cytoplasmic tails and differential expression in tissues. Human SorCS1 is detected in fetal and infant brain and in fetal retina. Alternative splicing of murine SorCS1 also results in four isoforms. Murine isoform 1 is highly expressed in brain and at lower levels in heart, liver and kidney. It is detected in newborn mouse brain and in adult olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex. Murine isoform 2 is highly expressed in liver and at lower levels in heart, brain, kidney and testis.

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VAX2 is a 290 amino acid homeobox protein that plays a crucial role in development of the eye, particularly in the specification of the ventral optic vesicle and in establishment of a correct dorsoventral pattern. VAX2 acts as a transcription factor with VAX1 to cooperatively regulate retinal differentiation, neuroepithelial cell proliferation and axial polarization in the retina. Together, VAX1 and VAX2 repress transcription of Pax-6, a strong inducer of retinal development. VAX1 and VAX2 localize to the nucleus and contain one homeobox DNA-binding domain each.

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ATF-6 is a member of the basic-leucine zipper family of transcription factors. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes cleavage of transmembrane ATF-6 and transclocation of active ATF-6 to the nucleus. Soluble ATF-6 can exist as either an ATF-6beta homodimer or an ATF-6Alpha/beta heterodimer. Binding of the ATF-6beta homodimer or ATF-6Alpha/beta heterodimer to the nuclear transcription factor Y C (NF-YC) induces ER chaperone transcription.

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YAP1 (also known as Yes associated protein 1) was originally identified as a transcription factor that binds to the SH3 domain of the YES kinase (a Src protein kinase). More recently it has been identified as a candidate oncogene that promotes tumorigenesis in many different types of cancer.

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Stabilizes and promotes the formation of a nuclear actin cortical network. Stimulates actin polymerization in vitro by binding and stabilizing the pointed end of growing filaments. Inhibits beta-catenin activity by preventing its accumulation in the nucleus. Acts by influencing the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin through a CRM1-dependent export pathway. Links centrosomes to the nuclear envelope via a microtubule association. EMD and BAF are cooperative cofactors of HIV-1 infection. Association of EMD with the viral DNA requires the presence of BAF and viral integrase. The association of viral DNA with chromatin requires the presence of BAF and EMD. Required for proper localization of non-farnesylated prelamin-A/C.Tissue specificity; Skeletal muscle, heart, colon, testis, ovary and pancreas.

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Water is a critical component of all living cells. Interestingly, tissue membranes show a great degree of water permeability. Mammalian red cells, renal proximal tubules, and descending thin limb of Henle are extraordinarily permeable to water. Water crosses hydrophobic plasma membranes either by simple diffusion or through a facilitative transport mechanism mediated by special protein aquaporins. Aquaporin 0 or MIP26 (major intrinsic protein 26kD), and Aquaporin 1 has been the foundation of the growing family of aquaporins. The lens specific Aquaporin 0 represents up to 80% of total lens membrane protein. Defects in Aquaporin 0 are a cause of autosomal recessive congenital cataract. The lens opacity mutation (LOP) is an AA substitution that inhibits targeting of MIP to the cell membrane. Human Aquaporin 0 is a 263 amino acid transmembrane protein belonging to the MIP family. Aquaporin families of proteins are predicted to contain six transmembrane domains. The N and C terminus are predicted to be cytoplasmic.

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Contributes to oxidative stress resistance by reducing cysteine-sulfinic acid formed under exposure to oxidants in the peroxiredoxins PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3 and PRDX4. Does not act on PRDX5 or PRDX6. May catalyze the reduction in a multi-step process by acting both as a specific phosphotransferase and a thioltransferase.

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Carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. Involved in IL4/interleukin-4- and IL3/interleukin-3-mediated signaling.

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The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. It is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011].

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This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein that is characterized by a poly-proline rich region. A chicken homolog of this protein promotes mitochondrial fission and the mouse homolog protects cells from oxidative stress. A related pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X.

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Component of some MITRAC complex, a cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly intermediate complex that regulates COX assembly. MITRAC complexes regulate both translation of mitochondrial encoded components and assembly of nuclear-encoded components imported in mitochondrion. Required for efficient translation of MT-CO1 and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly.

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NF-1, also designated CTF, consists of a family of CCAAT box binding proteins that stimulate DNA replication and activate transcription. Analysis of human NF-1 messenger RNA has revealed two forms of the NF-1 protein arising from an alternate splicing of a single NF-1 gene. NF-1 binds its consensus DNA element as a homodimer via an amino-terminal DNA binding domain, and activates transcription through a putatively novel, proline-rich, carboxy terminal transactivation domain. The NF-1 protein has been shown to recognize and bind the adenovirus type 2 promoter and activate transcription of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase genes. The NF-1 consensus element has been found in the upstream promoter region of myriad eukaryotic genes, including that of Ha-Ras, alpha-globin, HSP 70, GRP 78, Histone H1, myelin basic protein and in the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene promoter.

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Co-chaperone that binds to numerous kinases and promotes their interaction with the Hsp90 complex, resulting in stabilization and promotion of their activity.