"Bioss"

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IQCG is a 443 amino acid protein containing one IQ domain. Widely distributed in nature, the IQ domain forms an amphiphilic seven-turn α-helix capable of binding calmodulin in a Ca2+-independent manner. The level of intracellular calcium is tightly regulated in all eukaryotic cells. A modest increase in this level can result in a myriad of physiological responses, most of which are mediated by calmodulin (CaM), the universal calcium sensor. In acute T-lymphoid/myeloid leukemia, IQCG forms a complex with Nup98, an O-linked glycoprotein and a component of the nuclear pore complex. NUP98-IQCG complex bind co-activators and/or co-repressors, which suggest a role in transcriptional regulation.Nup98-IQCG complex inhibits 32Dcl3 cell apoptosis induced by Arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) and partially blocks granulocyte differentiation induced by G-CSF. IQCG exists as two isoforms due to alternatively splicing events.

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Activation of FUSE, the far upstream element, is required for the proper ex-pression of the mammalian gene c-Myc in undifferentiated cells. The binding of FBP1 (FUSE-binding protein or far upstream element-binding protein) to FUSE is necessary for c-Myc expression, indicating that FBP1 functions as a growth-dependent regulator of c-Myc expression. Isolated from proliferating HL-60 cells, FBP1 (FBP), FBP2 and FBP3 comprise a family of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins that specifically bind to FUSE elements. The FBP transcription factors share a conserved central DNA-binding domain and show significant homology in their carboxyl-terminal activation domains. Expression of FBP1 is detected in undifferentiated cells and is substantially decreased following cellular differentiation.

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Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Nucleosomes consist of approximately 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer composed of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures. This gene encodes a replication-independent member of the histone H2A family that is distinct from other members of the family. Studies in mice have shown that this particular histone is required for embryonic development and indicate that lack of functional histone H2A leads to embryonic lethality. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

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Atypical homeodomain protein which does not bind DNA and is required to modulate cardiac growth and development. Acts via its interaction with SRF, thereby modulating the expression of SRF-dependent cardiac-specific genes and cardiac development. Prevents SRF-dependent transcription either by inhibiting SRF binding to DNA or by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins that prevent transcription by SRF. Overexpression causes cardiac hypertrophy (By similarity). May act as a tumor suppressor.

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Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation by blocking the interaction of RIPK1 with its downstream effector NEMO/IKBKG. Forms a ternary complex with NFKB1 and MAP3K8 but appears to function upstream of MAP3K8 in the TLR4 signaling pathway that regulates MAP3K8 activation. Involved in activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway during innate immune response; this function seems to be stimulus- and cell type specific. Required for stability of MAP3K8. Involved in regulation of apoptosis in endothelial cells; promotes TEK agonist-stimulated endothelial survival. May act as transcriptional coactivator when translocated to the nucleus. Enhances CHUK-mediated NF-kappa-B activation involving NF-kappa-B p50-p65 and p50-c-Rel complexes.

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C17orf49 is a 172 amino acid protein that is encoded by a gene mapping to human chromosome 17. Chromosome 17 makes up over 2.5% of the human genome with about 81 million bases encoding over 1,200 genes. Two key tumor suppressor genes are associated with chromosome 17, namely, p53 and BRCA1. Tumor suppressor p53 is necessary for maintenance of cellular genetic integrity by moderating cell fate through DNA repair versus cell death. Malfunction or loss of p53 expression is associated with malignant cell growth and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Like p53, BRCA1 is directly involved in DNA repair, specifically it is recognized as a genetic determinant of early onset breast cancer and predisposition to cancers of the ovary, colon, prostate gland and fallopian tubes. Chromosome 17 is also linked to neurofibromatosis, a condition characterized by neural and epidermal lesions, and dysregulated Schwann cell growth. Alexander disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome and Canavan disease are also associated with chromosome 17.

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Endonuclease which cleaves flap structures at the junction between single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. Specific for 5'-overhanging flap structures in which the 5'-upstream of the flap is completely double-stranded. Prefers the blocked-flap structures similar to those occurring at replication forks, in which the 5' single-strand overhang of the flap is double-stranded.

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Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NFkB mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL1, TNF alpha, and bacterial product LPS. NFkB is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NFkB activity. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta). IKK alpha and IKK beta interact with each other and both are essential for NFkB activation. IKK alpha specifically phosphorylates IkBa. IKKa is expressed in variety of human tissues.

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ARK5, a novel AMPK family member, is the tumor cell survival factor activated by Akt and acts as an ATM kinase under the conditions of nutrient starvation. It plays a key role in tumor malignancy downstream of Akt. Its overexpression is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.

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Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MEK6 or MKK6) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and the MAPK kinase subfamily (MAP2K, MKK or MEKs). MEK6, closely related to MEK3, catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in MAP kinase p38, thus activating it, in response to inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress.As an essential component of p38 MAP kinase mediated signal transduction pathway, this protein is involved in many cellular processes such as stress induced cell cycle arrest, transcription activation and apoptosis.

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The immunophilins are a highly conserved family of cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that bind to and mediate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs, such as cyclosporin, FK506 and rapamycin (1). Several related immunophilins, FKBP12, FKBP51 and FKBP52, are characterized as cytosolic FK506-binding proteins, and following ligand binding, they functionally inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin (2,3). The ubiquitously expressed FKBP12 also associates with the cytoplasmic domain of the TGF?type I receptor, where it stabilizes the inactive conformation of the receptor and blocks the activation of the TGF?pathway (4). FKBP51 and FKBP52 are two highly related proteins (5,6). FKBP51 is predominantly expressed in T cells and is induced by glucocorticoids (5). FKBP51 mediates the effects of FK506 and rapamycin by inhibiting intracellular calcineurin activity, and by blocking T-cell activation and proliferation (7). FKBP52, known also as FKBP-59 or heat shock protein 56, is expressed in a variety of tissues and can also associate with the heat shock protein (hsp90) in mature steroid receptor complexes (6,8).

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The coiled-coil domain is a structural motif found in proteins that are involved in a diverse array of biological functions such as the regulation of gene expression, cell division, membrane fusion, and drug extrusion and delivery. CCDC83 (coiled-coil domain-containing protein 83), also known as HSD9, is 413 amino acid protein that exists as three alternatively spliced isoforms. The gene encoding CCDC83 maps to human chromosome 11, which houses over 1,400 genes and comprises nearly 4% of the human genome. Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Jacobsen syndrome, Niemann-Pick disease, hereditary angioedema and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are associated with defects in genes that maps to chromosome 11.

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In contrast to growth factors which promote cell proliferation, FAS ligand (FAS-L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) rapidly induce apoptosis. Cellular response to FAS-L and TNF is mediated by structurally related receptors containing a conserved cytoplasmic region called the “death domain”. DAPL1 (Death-associated protein-like 1), also known as EEDA (Early epithelial differentiation-associated protein), is a 107 amino acid protein that is expressed in hair follicles and is thought to function in a similar manner to DAP-1, possibly participating in the early stages of epithelial differentiation and/or apoptosis.

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Dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) mediate regulatory activity of their substrates and have been linked to a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. DPPs have post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity, cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the N-termini of proteins. DPPs can bind specific voltage-gated potassium channels and alter their expression and biophysical properties and may also influence T cells. DPP proteins include DPRP1, DPRP2, DPP3, DPP7, DPP10, DPPX and CD26. DPP10 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 10), also known as DPRP3 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV-related protein 3), DPL2 or DPPY, is a non-functional dipeptidyl peptidase which can bind to the potassium channels KV4.1 and KV4.2. It is a single-pass type II membrane protein expressed in spinal cord, adrenal glands, pancreas and brain tissues and may act as a modulator for cell surface expression and activity of KV4.1 and KV4.2.

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This gene encodes a member of the tyrosine kinase and, more specifically, the Janus kinases (JAKs) protein families. This protein associates with the cytoplasmic domain of type I and type II cytokine receptors and promulgate cytokine signals by phosphorylating receptor subunits. It is also component of both the type I and type III interferon signaling pathways. As such, it may play a role in anti-viral immunity. A mutation in this gene has been associated with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) - a primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin E. [provided by RefSeq].

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DPP6 is a Type-II serine proteinase of the clan SC. The clan SC proteinases have a catalytic triad of Ser-Asp-His, and like other Serine proteinases, the active site serine is in a Gly-Xaa-Ser-Xaa -Gly orientation. DPP6 has an Asp instead of Ser in the catalytic site. DPP6 is a member of a broader family of dipeptidyl peptidases including DPP4, FAP/Seprase, DPP2, DPP8, DPP9, DPP10, which have differing substrate specificity and tissue localizations. The surface-bound DPP6 is a homodimer, and cleavage of in the stalk region releases a shed form of DPP6. The shed is the form found in serum. DPP6 has been found in highest abundance in the brain, but also in the kidney, liver and lung.