142771 Results for: "2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran&pageNo=30"

Supplier: Bioss

Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription.

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Glutamate receptors are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian brain and are activated in a variety of normal neurophysiologic processes. These receptors are heteromeric protein complexes composed of multiple subunits, arranged to form ligand-gated ion channels. The classification of glutamate receptors is based on their activation by different pharmacologic agonists. The subunit encoded by this gene belongs to a family of AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate)-sensitive glutamate receptors, and is subject to RNA editing (AGA->GGA; R->G). Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms, which may vary in their signal transduction properties.

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Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TNFSF10/TRAIL. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. Promotes the activation of NF-kappa-B.

Supplier: TCI

5,5'-Dibromo-3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-bithiophene ≥97.0% (by GC)

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Angiotensin Converting enzyme is involved in catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide that controls blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance. This enzyme plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin system. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilatator. ACE exists in two forms, a 170KD somatic form and a 90KD germinal form. The somatic form is expressed by endothelial cells (especially those of lung capillaries and arterioles), epithelial cells (especially in proximal renal tubules and small intestine), by some neuronal cells and variably by some macrophages and T lymphocytes. The germinal form is expressed by spermatozoa.

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Endothelins (ET) show potent constrictor activity in vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. This family of 21-amino acid peptides exists in at least three isoforms - ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3, and is produced in endothelial and epithelial cells. ET's can mediate biological effects in cells and tissues, and have been shown to bind to an ET receptor in the lung, kidney, heart, and liver. Endothelin 1 is expressed in lung, placental stem villi vessels and in cultured placental vascular smooth muscle cells.

Supplier: TCI

2-Amino-3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid ≥98.0% (by HPLC, titration analysis)

Supplier: Bioss

The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11. [provided by RefSeq].

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CHCHD5 is a 110 amino acid protein that contains one CHCH domain. The gene encoding CHCHD5 maps to human chromosome 2, which consists of 237 million bases encoding over 1,400 genes and making up approximately 8% of the human genome. A number of genetic diseases are linked to genes on chromosome 2. Harlequin icthyosis, a rare and morbid skin deformity, is associated with mutations in the ABCA12 gene. The lipid metabolic disorder sitosterolemia is associated with ABCG5 and ABCG8. An extremely rare recessive genetic disorder, Alstré°‰ syndrome is due to mutations in the ALMS1 gene. Interestingly, chromosome 2 contains what appears to be a vestigial second centromere and vestigial telomeres which gives credence to the hypothesis that human chromosome 2 is the result of an ancient fusion of two ancestral chromosomes seen in modern form today in apes.

Supplier: Bioss

Regulates ciliary localization of the BBSome complex. Together with the BBSome complex, controls SMO ciliary trafficking and contributes to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulation. May play a role in neurite outgrowth. May have tumor suppressor function.

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Two highly conserved complexes are responsible for the assembly of tight junctions, the Crumbs-Pals1-Patj complex and the Cdc42-Par6-Par3-aPKC complex. Tight junctions assist in the formation of polarity in the epithelia by establishing a barrier to separate apical and basolateral membranes. Pals1, importantly, mediates interaction between the two complexes via interaction with Par6. Loss of Pals1 function results in delayed polarization, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and an inability to form lumenal cysts. Because tumors exhibit perturbations in epithelial polarity, Pals1 presents a new potential target in the study of carcinogenesis.

Supplier: Bioss

SH3MD2 acts as a scaffold protein, contributes to Rac-induced signal transduction such as JNKs (MAPK8 and MAPK9) activation and induces apoptosis. Within a signaling complex, it probably recruits protein kinases such as MAP3K10 or MAP3K11 which are in turn activated leading to the sequential activation of MAP2K4, MAP2K7 and JNKs (MAPK8 and MAPK9). SH3MD2 may be involved in targeting of HIV-1 GAG and GAG-POL polyproteins to the plasma membrane. This gene encodes a protein containing an N-terminus RING-finger, four SH3 domains, and a region implicated in binding of the Rho GTPase Rac. Via the RING-finger, the encoded protein has been shown to function as an ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network. The encoded protein may also act as a scaffold for the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway, facilitating the formation of a functional signaling module. There are two named isoforms.

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KLHL28 is a 571 amino acid protein similar to the Drosophila kelch protein. KLHL26 contains six kelch repeats and one BTB (POZ) domain. The BTB (broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac) domain, also known as the POZ (Poxvirus and zinc finger) domain, is an N-terminal homodimerization domain that contains multiple copies of kelch repeats and/or C2H2-type zinc fingers. Proteins that contain BTB domains are thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation via control of chromatin structure and function. KLHL28 is expressed as two isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

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PRE7 is a subunit of the Yeast proteasome. The yeast proteasome seems to be composed of 14 different subunits which form a highly ordered ring-shaped structure. The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins.

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Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response.

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Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. The protein is involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long term synaptic plasticity. It may play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density associated Ca (2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II.PP1 comprises a catalytic subunit, PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC (PP1C gamma), which is folded into its native form by inhibitor 2 and glycogen synthetase kinase 3, and then complexed to one or several targeting or regulatory subunits. PPP1R12A and PPP1R12B mediate binding to myosin. PPP1R3A, PPP1R3B, PPP1R3C and PPP1R3D mediate binding to glycogen.

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Members of the EF-CBP (N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein)/NECAB (neuronal calcium-binding protein) family participate in neuronal calcium signaling. EF-CBP2, also known as NECAB2 (N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 2), neuronal calcium-binding protein 2 or synaptotagmin-interacting protein 2 (Stip-2), is a 386 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that contains one antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase (ABM) domain and two EF-hand domains. Expressed in brain, EF-CBP2 is suggested to bind metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR-5) in a calcium-regulated manner. The gene encoding EF-CBP2 maps to human chromosome 16, which encodes over 900 genes and comprises nearly 3% of the human genome. The rare disorder Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is also associated with chromosome 16, as is Crohn's disease, which is a gastrointestinal inflammatory condition.

Supplier: Bioss

C5orf55

Supplier: Bioss

This gene encodes a nuclear distribution protein that plays an essential role in mitosis and cytokinesis. The encoded protein is involved in spindle formation during mitosis and in microtubule organization during cytokinesis. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012].

Supplier: Bioss

The SHC gene encodes for a signaling and transforming protein containing Src homology 2 and 3 (SH2 and SH3) domains. The SHC gene encodes 2 widely expressed overlapping proteins of 46 and 52 kD, both containing a C-terminal SH2 domain. Adjacent to the SH2 region is a glycine and proline rich region. These 2 proteins differ in their N terminals. SHC proteins are involved in mitogenic signal transduction and act by coupling growth factor receptors to the RAS signaling pathway. The protein encoded by the SHC1 gene is thought to act as an adaptor in many signal transduction pathways.

Supplier: Bioss

Maspardin is a 308 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that is widely expressed. Belonging to the AB hydrolase superfamily, Maspardin colocalizes with CD4 on endosomal/trans-Golgi network. It is thought that Maspardin may act as a negative regulatory factor in CD4-dependent T-cell activation. Defects in the gene encoding Maspardin are the result of hereditary spastic paraplegia autosomal recessive type 21 (also designated Mast syndrome), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a slow, gradual, progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. The gene encoding Maspardin is encoded by human chromosome 15, which houses over 700 genes and comprises nearly 3% of the human genome.

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Neurotensin (NT) initiates an intracellular response by interacting with the G protein-coupled receptors NTR1 (NTS1 receptor, high affinity NTR) and NTR2 (NTS2 receptor, levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin receptor), and the type I receptor NTR3 (NTS3 receptor, sortilin-1, Gp95). NT has a wide distribution in regions of the brain and in peripheral tissues where NT receptors can contribute to hypotension, hyperglycemia, hypothermia, antinociception and regulation of intestinal motility and secretion. HL-60 cells express NTR1, which can couple to Gq, Gi/o, or Gs. Alternative splicing of rat NTR2 can generate a 5-transmembrane domain variant isoform that is co-expressed with the full-length NTR2 throughout the brain and spinal cord. NTR3 activation in the murine microglial cell line N11 induces MIP-2, MCP-1, IL-1beta and TNF?in an ERK1/2 and Akt kinase-dependent manner.

Supplier: Bioss

KAT13B/AIB1 interacts in a ligand-dependent fashion with the estrogen receptor to enhance estrogen-dependent transcriptional gene activation. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear receptor coactivator that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to enhance their transcriptional activator functions. The encoded protein has histone acetyltransferase activity and recruits KAT3A / KAT3B as part of a multisubunit coactivation complex. This protein is initially found in the cytoplasm but is translocated into the nucleus upon phosphorylation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In addition, a polymorphic repeat region is found in the C-terminus of the encoded protein.

Supplier: Bioss

OTUB1 is a 271 amino acid protein that contains one OTU (ovarian tumor) domain and belongs to the OTU family of predicted cysteine proteases. Expressed as two isoforms (one of which is present throughout the body and the other of which is present only in lymphoid tissues), OTUB1 functions as a hydrolase that can remove ubiquitin residues from target proteins, thereby preventing protein degradation and playing an important role in protein turnover. OTUB1 interacts with GRAIL and, via this interaction, plays a role in the regulation and the induction of T-cell anergy, a phenomenon that occurs when T-cells are rendered unresponsive to their cognate antigens. Due to its interaction with GRAIL, OTUB1 is an important regulator of immune responses in secondary lymphoid organs.

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DNA damage or incomplete replication of DNA results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S or the G2 to M phase transition by conserved regulatory mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. Checkpoint proteins include Rad17, which is involved in regulating cell cycle progression at the G1 checkpoint as well as Chk1, Chk2, Rad1, Rad9 and Hus1, which are involved in regulating cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, ATM and ATR kinases are important for cell cycle checkpoint response signalling. ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), also designated ATM and Rad3-related-interacting protein, is required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. It is also important for ATR expression, which regulates DNA replication and damage checkpoint responses. ATRIP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that can form heterodimers with ATR. After dimerization they bind the RPA complex and are recruited to single stranded DNA. ATRIP is a nuclear protein that may also play a role in protein stabilization.

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Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.

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Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.

Supplier: Bioss

Modulates the activity of RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Acts as a GDP-dissociation stimulator protein that stimulates the GDP-GTP exchange activity of RHO-like GTPases and activates them. Activates RAC1, CDC42, and to a lesser extent RHOA.

Supplier: Bioss

Adhesion molecule that engages in homo- and heterophilic interactions with the other nectin-like family members, leading to cell aggregation. Important for synapse organization, providing regulated trans-synaptic adhesion. Preferentially binds to oligodendrocytes.

Supplier: Bioss

Zinc-finger proteins contain DNA-binding domains and have a wide variety of functions, most of which encompass some form of transcriptional activation or repression. The RING-type zinc finger motif is present in a number of viral and eukaryotic proteins and is made of a conserved cysteine-rich domain that is able to bind two zinc atoms. Proteins that contain this conserved domain are generally involved in the ubiquitination pathway of protein degradation. ZNRF1 (zinc and ring finger 1), also known as NIN283, is a 227 amino acid protein that contains one RING-type zinc finger and localizes to the lysosome and the endosome, as well as to cytoplasmic vesicles and the peripheral membrane. Expressed primarily in nervous system tissue, but also present in testis and thymus, ZNRF1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is thought to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal plasticity. Multiple isoforms of ZNRF1 exist due to alternative splicing events.