Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Alpha-tubulin Antibody: Alpha-tubulin belongs to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Along with beta-tubulins, alpha-tubulins are the major components of microtubules. These microtubules are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities ranging from mitosis and transport events to cell movement and the maintenance of cell shape. Alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers are assembled to 13 protofilaments that form a microtubule of 22-nm diameter. Tyrosine ligase adds a C-terminal tyrosine to monomeric alpha-tubulin. Assembled microtubules can again be detyrosinated by a cytoskeleton-associated carboxypeptidase. Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin is C-terminal polyglutamylation, which is characteristic of microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle. Like GAPDH and beta-Actin, this antibody makes an excellent loading control in immunoblots.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Lin28 Monoclonal Antibody: Lin28 is a transcription factor that was first identified through its key role in the pathway of developmental timing in C. elegans. The role of Lin28 in development suggested that it might be useful in the creation of stem cells that might be beneficial in cell replacement therapies in the treatment of several degenerative diseases. Artificial stem cells, termed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, can be created by expressing Lin28 in addition to the transcription factors POU5F1, Sox2, and NANOG in mouse fibroblasts. More recently, experiments have demonstrated that iPS cells could be generated using expression plasmids expressing Lin28, Sox2, POU5F1 and c-Myc, eliminating the need for virus introduction, thereby addressing a safety concern for potential use of iPS cells in regenerative medicine.

Supplier: Biotium

Near-infrared CF™ dye antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with near-infrared fluorescent CF™750 or CF™770, two members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Biotium

Near-infrared CF™ dye antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with near-infrared fluorescent CF™750 or CF™770, two members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Biotium

Near-infrared CF™ dye antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with near-infrared fluorescent CF™750 or CF™770, two members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Biotium

Near-infrared CF™ dye antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with near-infrared fluorescent CF™750 or CF™770, two members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: Biotium

Near-infrared CF™ dye antibodies are affinity-purified antibodies labeled with near-infrared fluorescent CF™750 or CF™770, two members of the novel CF™ dye series developed by Biotium for labeling proteins and other biomolecules. CF™ dyes are designed to offer advantages in brightness, photostability, and/or specificity compared to other commercial dyes, and are available in colors spanning the visible, far-red, and near-infrared spectra.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathway. Isoform p46Shc and isoform p52Shc, once phosphorylated, couple activated receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras via the recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex and are implicated in the cytoplasmic propagation of mitogenic signals. Isoform p46Shc and isoform p52Shc may thus function as initiators of the Ras signaling cascade in various non-neuronal systems. Isoform p66Shc does not mediate Ras activation, but is involved in signal transduction pathways that regulate the cellular response to oxidative stress and life span. Isoform p66Shc acts as a downstream target of the tumor suppressor p53 and is indispensable for the ability of stress-activated p53 to induce elevation of intracellular oxidants, cytochrome c release and apoptosis. The expression of isoform p66Shc has been correlated with life span

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). The sequential activation of individual members of this family and their consequent phosphorylation of critical substrates promotes orderly progression through the cell cycle. The cyclins function as differentially expressed positive regulators of Cdks. Negative regulators of the cycle include the p53-inducible 21 kDa WAF1/Cip1 protein designated p21, Kip1 p27 and p16. The complexes formed by Cdk4 and the D-type cyclins have been strongly implicated in the control of cell proliferation during the G1 phase. It has recently been shown that p16 binds to Cdk4 and inhibits the catalytic activity of the Cdk4/cyclin D complex. Moreover, the gene encoding p16 exhibits a high frequency of homozygous deletions and point mutations in established human tumor cell lines.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

CK5 (keratin 5) is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

FES (feline sarcoma oncogene) and Fer are the only two members of a unique family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. FES and Fer contain a central Src homology-2 (SH2) domain and a carboxy-terminal tyrosine kinase catalytic domain. They are structurally distinguished from other members of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase subfamilies by the presence of amino-terminal Fer/CIP4 homology and coiled-coil domains. FES was originally identified as an oncogene from avian and feline retroviruses. Human c-Fes has been implicated in myeloid, vascular endothelial and neuronal cell differentiation. FES has tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and that activity is required for maintenance of cellular transformation. Mutations may activate the FES kinase and thereby contribute to cancer. However, recent data strongly suggests that the c-FES protein-tyrosine kinase is a tumor suppressor rather than a dominant oncogene in colorectal cancer.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

HDAC7 is a member of the class II mammalian histone deacetylases, which plays an important role in modulating the eukaryotic chromatin structure. Human HDAC7 is composed of 912 amino acid residues. Although HDAC7 is localized mostly to the cell nucleus, it is also found in the cytoplasm, suggesting nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. The histone deacetylase activity of HDAC7 maps to a carboxy-terminal domain and is dependent on interaction with class I HDACs in the nucleus. It is an active component of different transcriptional corepressor complexes that can be recruited to specific promoter regions via interactions with a growing number of sequence specific transcriptional factors. HDAC7 catalyzes removal of acetyl-groups from acetyl-lysines of histones and promotes compaction of chromatin in these regions, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription. Anti-HDAC7 antibodies are ideal for researches interested in Breast Cancer, Cancer, Cell Cycle and Replication, Chromatin Research, Epigenetics, and Histone Deacetylases research.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

ITGA4 encodes integrin alpha chain 4. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Although alpha 4 is variably cleaved to yield two unlinked chains, this cleavage is unnecessary for integrin assembly and function. Alpha 4 combines with beta 1 (ITGB1) on T-cells to form the integrin very late (activation) antigen 4 (VLA-4) that can bind to the extracellular matrix molecules fibronectin or thrombospondin, and is also a ligand for the cell surface molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). In addition, alpha 4 combines with beta 7 to form the lymphocyte homing receptor known as LPAM-1 (lymphocyte Peyer Patch adhesion molecule 1). Integrins are also known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Transcriptional coactivator which acts as a downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein MST1/MST2, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. WWTR1 enhances PAX8 and NKX2-1/TTF1-dependent gene activation. Regulates the nuclear accumulation of SMADS and has a key role in coupling them to the transcriptional machinery such as the mediator complex. Regulates embryonic stem-cell self-renewal, promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

ALAS-1 (EC 2.3.1.37) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix enzymecatalyzing the condensation of glycine with succinyl-CoA to form delta-amino levulinate, CO2 and CoA. It regulates the first and rate-limiting step of heme biosynthetic pathway. It is one of the two isoforms of ALAS and is a pyridoxal-5 phosphate dependant housekeeping enzyme. It is ubiquitously expressed and is responsible of providing heme for cytochromes and other hemoproteins. ALAS1 in liver undergoes negative feedback regulation by heme. Transcription of ALAS1 gene is stimulated by cAMP and respiratory uncoupling whereas Phorbol esters and insulin repress ALAS1 gene expression. ALAS1 is suggested to be involved in reciprocal regulation of Heme biosynthesis and circadian clock suggesting a potential target for treatment of circadian disorders. ALAS1 gene expression is down regulated in Acute Liver failure resulting in altered heme metabolism and liver function.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

CCL4 Antibody: CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (MIP1B), belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. Both CCL4 and the related protein CCL3 participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells. While both CCL4 and CCL3 exert similar effects on monocytes, their effect on lymphocytes differ; with CCL4 selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes and CCL3 selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes. Additionally, both have been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. The processed form of CCL4 can induce down-modulation of surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, thus inhibiting the CCR5-mediated entry of HIV-1 in T cells.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

STAT6 is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor-associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. By screening an embryonic lung fibroblast cDNA library with a wildtype STAT6 probe, 2 variant cDNAs were identified, which were termed STAT6B and STAT6C, encoding an N-terminal 110-amino acid truncation and a 27-amino acid deletion in the SH2 domain, respectively. All the three variants are ubiquitously expressed with STAT6B expression greatest in spleen and STAT6C expression greatest in lung. STAT6B resembles an attenuated STAT6, but that STAT6C inhibits IL-4-mediated mitogenesis and cell surface antigen expression, and is not tyrosine phosphorylated

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathway. Isoform p46Shc and isoform p52Shc, once phosphorylated, couple activated receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras via the recruitment of the GRB2/SOS complex and are implicated in the cytoplasmic propagation of mitogenic signals. Isoform p46Shc and isoform p52Shc may thus function as initiators of the Ras signaling cascade in various non-neuronal systems. Isoform p66Shc does not mediate Ras activation, but is involved in signal transduction pathways that regulate the cellular response to oxidative stress and life span. Isoform p66Shc acts as a downstream target of the tumor suppressor p53 and is indispensable for the ability of stress-activated p53 to induce elevation of intracellular oxidants, cytochrome c release and apoptosis. The expression of isoform p66Shc has been correlated with life span

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

A family of protein kinases located upstream of the MAP kinases andresponsible for their activation has been identified. The prototype member ofthis family, designated MAP kinase kinase, or MEK-1, specifically phospho-rylates the MAP kinase regulatory threonine and tyrosine residues present inthe Thr-Glu-Tyr motif of ERK. A second MEK family member, MEK-2, resem-bles MEK-1 in its substrate specificity. MEK-3 (or MKK-3) functions to acti-vate p38 MAP kinase, and MEK-4 (also called SEK1 or MKK-4) activatesboth p38 and JNK MAP kinases. MEK-5 appears to specifically phosphory-late ERK5, whereas MEK-6 phosphorylates p38 and p38b. MEK-7 (or MKK-7)phosphorylates and activates the JNK signal transduction pathway.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-(2)-herpesvirus subfamily and has been closely linked to the Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman’s disease. The genome of KSHV is 165-170 kb and contains at least 88 open reading frames. At least five major proteins are likely to be involved in the assembly of the HHV-8 capsid, including a protease (encoded by ORF17), the major capsid protein (encoded by ORF25), and three other smaller capsid proteins (encoded by ORF62, ORF26, and ORF65). Previous structural studies have shown that the HSV-1 triplex is a monomer of VP19c and a dimer of VP23 and that the HCMV triplex is similarly composed of a monomer and a dimer. By analogy, the KSHV triplexes are likely also composed of a monomer of the ORF62 protein and a dimer of the ORF26 protein, which are the respective homologs of VP19c and VP23.