14988 Results for: "Sodium+chlorate"

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The protein encoded by this gene shares similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52, a protein important for DNA double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. This gene product was shown to bind single-stranded DNA ends, and mediate the DNA-DNA interaction necessary for the annealing of complementary DNA strands. It was also found to interact with DNA recombination protein RAD51, which suggested its role in RAD51 related DNA recombination and repair. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported for this gene. The alpha variant encodes the longest isoform that contains an identical N-terminus, but a distinct C-terminus, as compared to other isoforms (beta, delta, and gamma).

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AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) has been recently described as prostate cancer-specific gene that encodes a protein involved in the beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. Expression of AMACR protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic tissue. It stains premalignant lesions of prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. AMACR can be used as a positive marker for PIN. Defects in AMACR are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 4 (CBAS4); also known as cholestasis, intrahepatic, with defective conversion of trihydroxycoprostanic acid to cholic acid or trihydroxycoprostanic acid in bile. Clinical features include neonatal jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct deficiency and absence of cholic acid from bile.

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Akt3 (also designated protein kinase B gamma or v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3)，with 479-amino acid protein (about 53 kDa), belongs to the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family, which also includes Akt1 and Akt2. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.Akt3 is not required for the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism but is essential for the attainment of normal organ size. Identifying Akt3 as a selective target in melanoma cells also provides new therapeutic opportunities for patients in the advanced stages of this disease.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

These Chemiluminescent Western Blot Kits allow for the detection of primary polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies provided by the user. After protein separation and transfer, the membrane is probed with primary antibody. Detection of the membrane-bound primary antibody-antigen complex is achieved by the addition of a secondary antibody conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. The enzyme reacts with a specialised formulation of luminol, an extremely sensitive, non radioactive substrate that emits light and allows visualisation using X-ray film or other imaging methods, including highly sensitive CCD cameras and imaging systems. Because of the extremely high sensitivity of the kit, primary and secondary antibodies can be used at greater dilutions. Primary antibodies currently diluted 1:1000 using an ECL™ substrate is the equivalent of a 1:5000 dilution using the FemtoMax™ substrate.

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SncA is a member of the synuclein family of structurally related proteins that are prominently expressed in the central nervous system, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and SncA and Snc-Beta inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SncA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Aggregated SncA proteins form brain lesions that are hallmarks of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Defects in SncA play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SncA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. SncA shares 95% sequence homology with rat SncA. Rat SncA is specifically expressed in brain and is associated with synaptosomal membranes in neurons

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NFKB has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NFKB is activated by a wide variety of stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-κ-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-κ-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth.

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Involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle and in DNA repair. Central component of cohesin complex. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At anaphase, the complex is cleaved and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Involved in DNA repair via its interaction with BRCA1 and its related phosphorylation by ATM, or via its phosphorylation by ATR. Works as a downstream effector both in the ATM/NBS1 branch and in the ATR/MSH2 branch of S-phase checkpoint.

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SIRT7 is a human member of a family of proteins called Sirtuins (Sir2-like proteins) and are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. All Sir2-like proteins have a sirtuin core domain, which contains a series of sequence motifs conserved in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Bacterial, yeast and mammalian sirtuins are able to metabolize NAD and possibly at as mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases. The enzymatic function of sirtuins is not yet completely understood but recent reports of histone-activated Sir2-mediated NAD metabolism and NAD-activated Sir2-mediated histone deacetylation suggest a possible coupled reciprocal activation mechanism involving interactions of Sir2 with NAD and the N epsilon-acetyl-lysine groups of acetylated histones.

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PTK6 (protein tyrosine kinase 6, BRK or FLJ42088),with 451-amino acid protein (about 51 kDa), encods a cytoplasmic nonreceptor protein kinase which may function as an intracellular signal transducer in epithelial tissues. Its presence in the nucleus appears to be linked to suppression of tumor progression. The encoded protein has been shown to undergo autophosphory-lation. Very high level in colon and high levels in small intestine and prostate, and low levels in some fetal tissues. And Expressed at low level in some breast tumors, but not in normal breast. Also found in melanocytes, but not expressed in heart, brain, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Overexpression of this gene in mammary epithelial cells leads to sensitization of the cells to epidermal growth factor and results in a partially transformed phenotype.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

The Pierce™ NHS-activated magnetic beads enable covalent, amine-based conjugation of proteins to magnetic beads in a simple mix-and-go format for use in custom affinity purification experiments.

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CHCHD6 Antibody: CHCHD6 is a member of a family of proteins containing a conserved (coiled coil 1)-(helix 1)-(coiled coil 2)-(helix 2) domain and has been observed in a complex with the mitochondrial proteins mitofilin, SAM50, metaxins 1 and 2, and CHCHD3. CHCHD6 knockdown causes severe defects in mitochondrial cristae morphology as well as reductions in cell growth, ATP production and oxygen consumption. This decrease of CHCHD6 also led to a reduction in mitofilin protein levels, while a knockdown of mitofilin resulted in a reduced level of CHCHD6, suggesting coordinate regulation between these two proteins. CHCHD6 knockdown in human cancer cells enhances their sensitivity to genotoxic anticancer drugs, suggesting that CHCHD6 may be a potential therapeutic anti-tumor target.

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DHX36 Antibody: DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp, are putative RNA helicases implicated in several cellular processes involving modifications of RNA secondary structure. DHX36 (DEAH box protein 36), also known as MLE-like protein 1 and RNA helicase associated with AU-rich element ARE (RHAU), belongs to RNA helicase of the DEAH family and may function in sex development and spermatogenesis. It is expressed in testis and is evolutionary conserved with true orthologs in almost all animal species. DHX36 plays a role in degradation and deadenylation of mRNAs containing in their 3'-UTR the consensus ARE sequence element. DHX36 is required for early embryogenesis.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Sheep Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Anti-SHEEP Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Chicken Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together. Anti-CHICKEN Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Sheep Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together. Anti-SHEEP Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransferases SUV39H1, SUV420H1 and SUV420H2, leading to epigenetic transcriptional repression. Controls histone H4 'Lys-20' trimethylation. Inhibits the intrinsic kinase activity of TAF1. In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity.

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General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

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ITGA4 encodes integrin alpha chain 4. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain. Unlike other integrin alpha chains, alpha 4 neither contains an I-domain, nor undergoes disulfide-linked cleavage. Although alpha 4 is variably cleaved to yield two unlinked chains, this cleavage is unnecessary for integrin assembly and function. Alpha 4 combines with beta 1 (ITGB1) on T-cells to form the integrin very late (activation) antigen 4 (VLA-4) that can bind to the extracellular matrix molecules fibronectin or thrombospondin, and is also a ligand for the cell surface molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). In addition, alpha 4 combines with beta 7 to form the lymphocyte homing receptor known as LPAM-1 (lymphocyte Peyer Patch adhesion molecule 1). Integrins are also known to participate in cell-surface mediated signalling.

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Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

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Transcriptional coactivator which acts as a downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein MST1/MST2, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. WWTR1 enhances PAX8 and NKX2-1/TTF1-dependent gene activation. Regulates the nuclear accumulation of SMADS and has a key role in coupling them to the transcriptional machinery such as the mediator complex. Regulates embryonic stem-cell self-renewal, promotes cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

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ALAS-1 (EC 2.3.1.37) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix enzymecatalyzing the condensation of glycine with succinyl-CoA to form delta-amino levulinate, CO2 and CoA. It regulates the first and rate-limiting step of heme biosynthetic pathway. It is one of the two isoforms of ALAS and is a pyridoxal-5 phosphate dependant housekeeping enzyme. It is ubiquitously expressed and is responsible of providing heme for cytochromes and other hemoproteins. ALAS1 in liver undergoes negative feedback regulation by heme. Transcription of ALAS1 gene is stimulated by cAMP and respiratory uncoupling whereas Phorbol esters and insulin repress ALAS1 gene expression. ALAS1 is suggested to be involved in reciprocal regulation of Heme biosynthesis and circadian clock suggesting a potential target for treatment of circadian disorders. ALAS1 gene expression is down regulated in Acute Liver failure resulting in altered heme metabolism and liver function.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

HDAC7 is a member of the class II mammalian histone deacetylases, which plays an important role in modulating the eukaryotic chromatin structure. Human HDAC7 is composed of 912 amino acid residues. Although HDAC7 is localized mostly to the cell nucleus, it is also found in the cytoplasm, suggesting nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. The histone deacetylase activity of HDAC7 maps to a carboxy-terminal domain and is dependent on interaction with class I HDACs in the nucleus. It is an active component of different transcriptional corepressor complexes that can be recruited to specific promoter regions via interactions with a growing number of sequence specific transcriptional factors. HDAC7 catalyzes removal of acetyl-groups from acetyl-lysines of histones and promotes compaction of chromatin in these regions, leading to the inhibition of gene transcription. Anti-HDAC7 antibodies are ideal for researches interested in Breast Cancer, Cancer, Cell Cycle and Replication, Chromatin Research, Epigenetics, and Histone Deacetylases research.

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CCL4 Antibody: CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (MIP1B), belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. Both CCL4 and the related protein CCL3 participate in the host response to invading bacterial, viral, parasite and fungal pathogens by regulating the trafficking and activation state of selected subgroups of inflammatory cells. While both CCL4 and CCL3 exert similar effects on monocytes, their effect on lymphocytes differ; with CCL4 selectively attracting CD4+ lymphocytes and CCL3 selectively attracting CD8+ lymphocytes. Additionally, both have been shown to be potent chemoattractants for B cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells. The processed form of CCL4 can induce down-modulation of surface expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, thus inhibiting the CCR5-mediated entry of HIV-1 in T cells.

Supplier: TOSOH BIOSCIENCE

SkillPak 1 and 5 ml columns are designed for fast method development, resin screening or sample concentration. Pre-packed with TOYOPEARL®, TSKgel® or Ca++Pure-HA™ process chromatography media, these columns offer superior separation of biomelocules, such as monoclonal antibodies, proteins and oligonucleotides. SkillPak 50 and 200 ml pre-packed columns are the best solution for seamless scale up of methods developed on SkillPak 1 and 5.

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CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors.It is constitutively expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, and concentrated at the junction between them. The antibody reacts with the murine form of the Platelet-Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule. The reactivity of the antibody is restricted to the isoform of the molecule that is selectively expressed by endothelial cells.The antigen is predominantly present at the lateral borders of endothelial cells as described for human PECAM-1.It is also weakly expressed on many peripheral lymphoid cells and platelets.CD31 has been used to measure angiogenesis in association with tumor recurrence. Other studies have also indicated that CD31 and CD34 can be used as markers for myeloid progenitor cells and recognize different subsets of myeloid leukemia infiltrates (granular sarcomas).

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PRAK (p38-regulated /activated kinase), also referred to as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase (MAPKAPK)-5, is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase regulated by p38beta and p38beta MAP kinases. Activated JNK, p38gamma or p38δ are unable to induce phosphorylation of PRAK in vitro. Phosphorylation of PRAK occurs in vivo in response to p38 activation by stress-related extracellular stimuli including UV light, oxidation and proinflammatory cytokines. Two other substrates for p38, MAPKAPK-2 and MAPKAPK-3/3pK, share approximately 45% sequence homology with PRAK including the phosphorylation motif recognized by p38, Lys-X-Thr-Pro. Activated PRAK has been shown to specifically phosphorylate HSP 27 in vitro, suggesting that the protein may play a role in stress-induced small heat shock protein phosphorylation in vivo.

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IGF1R(insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor), a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, is widely expressed in many cell types within fetal and postnatal tissues, and in many cell lines. Upon binding to its ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II, receptor autophosphorylation occurs. The triple tyrosine cluster within the kinase domain (Tyr1131, Tyr1135 and Tyr1136) is the earliest major site of autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation of these three tyrosine residues is necessary for kinase activation.Insulin receptors (IRs) share significant similarity with IGF1 receptors in both structure and function,including an equivalent triple tyrosine cluster within the activation loop of the kinase domain (Tyr1146, Tyr1150 and Tyr1151).Tyrosine autophosphorylation of insulin receptor is one of the earliest cellular responses to insulin stimulation. Autophosphorylation begins with phosphorylation of Tyr1146 and either Tyr1150 or Tyr1151. Full kinase activation requires the triple tyrosine phosphorylation.

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Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins.

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This gene is a target gene of the transcription factor tumor protein p53. The encoded protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds and inhibits transactivation by tumor protein p53, as part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. Overexpression of this gene can result in excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which targets tumor protein p53 for proteasomal degradation. This protein also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis through interactions with other proteins, including retinoblastoma 1 and ribosomal protein L5. More than 40 different alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated from both tumor and normal tissues

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Alpha-tubulin Antibody: Alpha-tubulin belongs to the tubulin superfamily, which is composed of six distinct families. Along with beta-tubulins, alpha-tubulins are the major components of microtubules. These microtubules are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities ranging from mitosis and transport events to cell movement and the maintenance of cell shape. Alpha- and beta-tubulin dimers are assembled to 13 protofilaments that form a microtubule of 22-nm diameter. Tyrosine ligase adds a C-terminal tyrosine to monomeric alpha-tubulin. Assembled microtubules can again be detyrosinated by a cytoskeleton-associated carboxypeptidase. Another post-translational modification of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin is C-terminal polyglutamylation, which is characteristic of microtubules in neuronal cells and the mitotic spindle. Like GAPDH and beta-Actin, this antibody makes an excellent loading control in immunoblots.