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The Itg-Beta3 gene encodes the beta subunit of the platelet membrane adhesive protein receptor complex Itg-Beta3 protein, which belongs to the Integrin class of cell adhesion molecule receptors that share a common heterotrimeric structure with Alpha and Beta subunits. It is a common Beta subunit of the platelet complex and of two other Integrins (Fibronectin and Vitronectin Receptors), which have distinct Alpha subunits. Itg-Beta3 has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, including platelet aggregation and thrombosis and implantation, placentation, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and tumor progression. Glanzmann Thrombasthenia can result from defects in the genes for either the Itg-Alpha2B or the Itg-Beta3 subunit

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Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.

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ATM encoded by this gene belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. This protein is an important cell cycle checkpoint kinase that phosphorylates; thus, it functions as a regulator of a wide variety of downstream proteins, including tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA1, checkpoint kinase CHK2, checkpoint proteins RAD17 and RAD9, and DNA repair protein NBS1. This protein and the closely related kinase ATR are thought to be master controllers of cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways that are required for cell response to DNA damage and for genome stability. Mutations in this gene are associated with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive disorder. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

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The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

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Mediates B-cell B-cell interactions. May be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. Binds sialylated glycoproteins; one of which is CD45. Preferentially binds to alpha-2, 6-linked sialic acid. The sialic acid recognition site can be masked by cis interactions with sialic acids on the same cell surface. Upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the immune response seems to be involved in regulation of B-cell antigen receptor signaling. Plays a role in positive regulation through interaction with Src family tyrosine kinases and may also act as an inhibitory receptor by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatases via their SH2 domains that block signal transduction through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules.

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IL-36G is is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family whose gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. IL-36G is thought to activate the NF-kappaB pathway through IL-1 receptor family members IL-1RL2 and IL-1RAcP. Like the related proteins IL-36A and IL-36B, IL-36G requires post-translational processing for full agonist activity, but the cleavage mechanism is currently unknown. IL-36G expression is stimulated by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1. The IL-36 cytokines have been suggested to amplify Th1 responses by enhancing proliferation and Th1 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Chicken Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together. Anti-CHICKEN Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination.

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Members in the TNF superfamily regulate immune responses and induce apoptosis. A novel member in the TNF family was recently identified by several groups and designated BAFF (for B cell Activating Factor belonging to the TNF Family), BLyS (for B Lymphocyte Stimulator), TALL-1 (for TNF- and ApoL-related Leukocyte-expressed Ligand), and THANK (for TNF Homologue that Activate Apoptosis, NF-κB and c-jun N-terminal Kinase). BAFF/BLyS was characterized as a B cell activator since it induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. Three receptors for BAFF were recently identified and designated TACI, BCMA and BAFF-R. BAFF and its receptors are essential for B cell development, survival, and humoral immune responses. BAFF is involved in the development of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythaematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

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General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 at 'Ser-939' and 'Thr-1462', thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and leading to both phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in activation of RPS6KB1. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase.

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Ractopamine is a phenolethanolamine beta-adrenoceptor agonist that is used for the improvement of weight gain, carcass leanness and feed efficiency in pigs. It has been known for years that ractopamine enhances growth in meat animals by repartitioning nutrients. This means that the nutrients that the animal consumes in its feed are shifted away from being stored as fat and are instead used in lean tissue production. This shift occurs as the animal reaches the top of its growth curve and lean tissue production drops off and fat deposition increases. Fat levels also appear to decrease, due to an increase in lypolysis (fat breakdown). Using the ractopamine monoclonal antibody, it is possible to detect ractopamine and other agonists in urine, muscle and liver both rapidly and with accuracy.

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Rsk1 is a member of a family of 90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinases, which includes Rsk1, Rsk2 and Rsk3. These are broadly expressed serine / threonine protein kinases activated in response to mitogenic stimuli, including extracellular signal regulated protein kinases Erk1 and Erk2. Rsk1 is activated by MAPK in vitro and in vivo via phosphorylation. Active Rsks appear to play a major role in transcriptional regulation by translocating to the nucleus and phosphorylating c-Fos and CREB. RSK proteins possess two separate kinase domains, the C terminal kinase domain and the N terminal kinase domain, separated by a linker region containing a hydrophobic motif. RSK is activated by many stimuli including growth factors, phorbol esters, cAMP, heat shock, and irradiation.

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UBP43 (also known as ISG43, Ubl thiolesterase 18, ISG15-specific processing protease, 43 kDa ISG15-specific protease, ubiquitin specific protease 18 or USP18) is a member of the deubiquitinating protease family of enzymes, which removes ubiquitin adducts from a broad range of protein substrates. Deletion of the UBP43 gene in mouse leads to a massive increase of ISG15 conjugates in tissues indicating that UBP43 is a major ISG15-specific protease. UBP43 is the first ISG15-specific protease reported. Both ISG15 and UBP43 genes are known to be strongly induced by interferon, genotoxic stress, and viral infection. Thus UBP43 may be necessary to maintain a critical cellular balance of ISG15-conjugated proteins in both healthy and stressed organisms.

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Akt, protein kinase B (PKB), is a serine/threonine kinase which is involved in many cellular signaling pathways and acts as a transducer of many functions initiated by growth factor receptors that activat phosphtidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The major activity of Akt/PKB is to mediate cell survival. Akt/PKB is also believed to be a critical factor in the genesis of cancer as the tumor suppressor PTEN was found to antagonise PI-3 kinase and Akt/PKB kinase activity. There are 3 known isoforms of this enzyme in mammalian cells (1/alpha, 2/beta and 3/gamma). Akt1, 2 and 3 contain a key regulatory serine phosphorylation site in the carboxy-terminal region of the protein. Akt/PKB phosphorylation is critical for it activity.

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Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta, gamma). Adducin is a heterodimeric protein that consists of related subunits, which are produced from distinct genes but share a similar structure. Alpha- and beta-adducin include a protease-resistant N-terminal region and a protease-sensitive, hydrophilic C-terminal region. Alpha- and gamma-adducins are ubiquitously expressed. In contrast, beta-adducin is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin binds with high affinity to Ca(2+)/calmodulin and is a substrate for protein kinases A and C. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms; however, not all variants have been fully described.

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Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta, gamma). Adducin is a heterodimeric protein that consists of related subunits, which are produced from distinct genes but share a similar structure. Alpha- and beta-adducin include a protease-resistant N-terminal region and a protease-sensitive, hydrophilic C-terminal region. Alpha- and gamma-adducins are ubiquitously expressed. In contrast, beta-adducin is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin binds with high affinity to Ca(2+)/calmodulin and is a substrate for protein kinases A and C. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms; however, not all variants have been fully described.

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FLT3 encodes a class III receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates hematopoiesis. The receptor consists of an extracellular domain composed of five immunoglobulin-like domains, one transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain split into two parts by a kinase-insert domain. The receptor is activated by binding of the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand to the extracellular domain, which induces homodimer formation in the plasma membrane leading to autophosphorylation of the receptor. The activated receptor kinase subsequently phosphorylates and activates multiple cytoplasmic effector molecules in pathways involved in apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. Mutations that result in the constitutive activation of this receptor result in acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end of growing actin filaments. Plays a role in actin-based mobility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Regulates actin dynamics in platelets and plays an important role in regulating platelet aggregation.

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UNG2 Antibody: The human uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) gene encodes both mitochondrial (UNG1) and nuclear (UNG2) forms through differentially regulated promoters and alternative splicing. UNG2 is the major enzyme in the base excision repair pathway that removes uracil residues from DNA that arise through either misincorporation during replication or cytosine deamination. UNG2 can also be bound by the HIV-1 integrase and incorporated into the virion particle, suggesting that it is required to remove uracils from the viral genome. As the intrinsic antiviral protein APOBEC3G generates numerous uracils in the HIV genome during its replication, it may be that the UNG2 contributes to the APOBEC3G-mediated loss of infectivity by generating abasic sites in the viral genome.

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RRAS2 Antibody: Activating mutations and overexpression of classical Ras subfamily members (K-RAS, N-RAS and H-RAS) have been widely investigated as key events in the development of human cancers. The RRAS subfamily of Ras-related proteins includes RRAS1, RRAS2 (TC21) and RRAS3 (M-Ras) show overall amino acid identity with the classical Ras subfamily (H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras) of 55–60%. RRAS2 is a small GTPbinding protein of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. It might transduce growth inhibitory signals across the cell membrane, exerting its effect through an effector shared with the Ras proteins. RRAS2 has high oncogenic potential and overexpression/mutations have been reported in several tumor tissues and cell lines.

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TNFSF4 Antibody: The tumor necrosis factor superfamily member TNFSF4 is a type II membrane bound, non-covalently linked homotrimeric protein. It is expressed on antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and activated B-cells, and also on other cells such as vascular endothelial cells, mast cells, and natural killer cells. TNFSF4 signals specifically through the TNFRSF4 receptor, is expressed predominantly on CD4+T cells but also on certain activated CD8+T cells. TNFRSF4/TNFSF4 functions as a costimulatory signal, which is required for a productive interaction between antigen presenting cells and their target T-cells. It enhances cell proliferation and survival, and increases expression of RANTES, IL-2, IL-3, and IFNgamma. TNFRSF4/TNFSF4 signaling plays an important role in immunotolerance.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Sheep Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together. Anti-SHEEP Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination.

Supplier: Rockland Immunochemicals

Anti-Sheep Red Blood Cell Antibody may be used in hemagglutination assays. Anti-SHEEP Red Blood Cell Antibody is used to sensitize erythrocytes and quantitate agglutination. Haemagglutination assay or HA is a method of quantification for viruses or bacteria by hemagglutination. Some viral families and many bacteria have envelope or surface proteins which are able to agglutinate (stick to) human or animal red blood cells (RBC) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid. As each of the agglutinating molecule attaches to multiple RBCs, a lattice-structure will form. Normally, a virus dilution (e.g. 2-fold from 1:4 to 1:4096) will be applied to an RBC dilution (e.g. 0.1% to 0.7% in steps of 0.2%) for approx. 30 min, often at 4° C, otherwise viruses with neuraminidase activity will detach the virus from the RBCs. Then the lattice forming parts will be counted and the titer calculated. The titer of a hemagglutination assay is determined by the last viable "lattice" structure found. This is because it is at the point where, if diluted anymore, the amount of Virus particles will be less than that of the RBCs and thus not be able to agglutinate them together.

Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sorvall™ Micro ultracentrifuges, three models offering a maximum RCF of up to 1048000×g in a compact footprint with either bench or floor options.

Supplier: VWR Collection

These VWR® pipette tips are made of clear, pre-tested PP resin and fit Rainin® LTS® pipettes.

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The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. Acts by mediating ubiquitin E3 ligase activity that is required for its tumor suppressor function. Plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular response to DNA repair. Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. Required for FANCD2 targeting to sites of DNA damage. May function as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation

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Lck(lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase), with 509-amino acid protein (about 56 kDa), belongs to the Src non-receptor tyrosine kinases family. By virtue of common structural motifs, the Src family is composed of nine members in vertebrates, including Src, Yes, Fgr, Frk, Fyn, Lyn, Hck, Lck and Blk. Lck is expressed predominantly in T cells and is localized to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Lck is activated after T cell stimulation and is required for T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Aberrant expression or activation of Lck kinase has been reported in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid malignancies. In addition, inhibition of Lck has been a target to prevent lymphocyte activation and acute rejection.

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AURKB (aurora kinase B, AIK2 or aurora-B), with 344-amino acid protein(about 39 kDa),localizes to microtubules near kinetochores, specifically to the specialized microtubules called K-fibers. AURKB is a mitotic protein kinase, which phosphorylates histone H3 and regulates Chromosomal segregation during mitosis and meiosis.It may regulates several stages of mitosis such as centrosome separation, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.Component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. ARK-2 transcripts arepresent at high levels in human thymus and fetal liver.ARK-2 protein levels are maximal during both S and G2/M phases

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Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation

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Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA damage. Implicated in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in the recruitment of SMARCA4/BRG1 on the c-FOS promoter. Plays an essential role in the regulation of FE65 gene expression.

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Tau is a heterogeneous microtubule-associated protein that promotes and stabilizes microtubule assembly, especially in axons. Six isoforms with different amino-terminal inserts and different numbers of tandem repeats near the carboxy-terminus have been identified, and tau is hyperphosphorylated at approximately 25 sites by ERK, GSK-3 and CDK5. Phosphorylation decreases the ability of tau to bind to microtubules. Neurofibrillary tangles are a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and these tangles are bundles of paired helical filaments composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. In particular, phosphorylation of Ser396 by GSK-3 or CDK5 destabilizes microtubules in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, inclusions of tau are found in a number of other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as tauopathies (1, 3).