53790 Results for: "Enzyme+Assays"
Mouse recombinant TWEAK receptor
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A(Tnfrsf12a) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and contains 1 TNFR-Cys repeat. It is weak inducer of apoptosis in some cell types.It promotes angiogenesis and it is the proliferation of endothelial cells. It may modulate cellular adhesion to matrix proteins.TNFR binds specifically to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface TNF receptors. TNF is a naturally occurring cytokine that is involved in normal inflammatory and immune responses. It plays an important role in the inflammatory processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and ankylosing spondylitis and the resulting joint pathology. In addition, TNF plays a role in the inflammatory process of plaque psoriasis. Elevated levels of TNF are found in involved tissues and fluids of patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and plaque psoriasis. Two distinct receptors for TNF (TNFRs), a 55 kilodalton protein (p55) and a 75 kilodalton protein (p75), exist naturally as monomeric molecules on cell surfaces and in soluble forms. Biological activity of TNF is dependent upon binding to either cell surface TNFR.
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Human recombinant IL22 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interleukin-22(IL-22) is a member of a group of the IL-10 family, a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells. IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction. It can initiate and regulate innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 along with IL-17 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems. IL-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to IL-10. Biological activity of IL-22 is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex consisting of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. IL-22 biological activity is further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP. IL-22BP and an extracellular region of IL-22R1 share sequence similarity. In some cases, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of IL-22 are regulated by cytokine IL-17A.
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Human recombinant IL22 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interleukin-22(IL-22) is a member of a group of the IL-10 family, a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells. IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction. It can initiate and regulate innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 along with IL-17 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems. IL-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to IL-10. Biological activity of IL-22 is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex consisting of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. IL-22 biological activity is further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP. IL-22BP and an extracellular region of IL-22R1 share sequence similarity. In some cases, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of IL-22 are regulated by cytokine IL-17A.
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Human recombinant IL1R1 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL-1R1) is an interleukin receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL-1R1 is an 80 kDa transmembrane protein that is expressed predominantly by T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This gene along with IL1R2, IL1RL2, and IL1RL1 form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12. IL-1R1 is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. It binds to interleukin-1 associates with the coreceptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK and other pathways. The signalling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. It also binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signalling complex. An IL1 receptor accessory protein that can heterodimerize with the Type I receptor in the presence of IL1 alpha or IL1β but not IL1ra, was identified. Recombinant IL1 soluble receptor Type I is a potent antagonist of IL1 action.
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Human recombinant IFN alpha (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interferon alpha/ beta Receptor 2 (IFN- alpha/ beta R2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein which belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. It complexes with IFN- alpha/ beta R1 to form the signaling receptor complex for the family of alpha and beta IFN subtypes. By alternative splicing, IFN- alpha/ beta R2 can exist as a secreted soluble protein or as a type I membrane protein. IFN- alpha/ beta R2 is the principal ligand binding subunit of the receptor. Ligand binding is stabilized by the subsequent association with IFN- alpha/ beta R1, resulting in the formation of a signaling ternary receptor complex. IFNAR2 was detected in most lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, although IFNAR2 expression was higher in the monocytes and granulocytes than in the lymphocytes. Among the lymphocyte subsets, IFNAR2 showed high expression in natural killer (NK) cells and low expression in T lymphocytes. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 of IFNAR2 are directly involved in signal transduction due to their interaction with the TYR kinase, JAK1. Isoform 1 also interacts with the transcriptional factors, STAT1 and STAT2. Both forms are potent inhibitors of type I IFN activity.
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Human recombinant beta-2-Microglobulin (from Cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
beta -2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a secreted protein with 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain which belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family. B2M component of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Polymers of beta 2-microglobulin can be found in tissues from patients on long-term hemodialysis. B2M is a protein found on the surface of many cells and plentiful on the surface of white blood cells. Serum B2M concentration is increased in renal diseases, various malignant diseases and some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. B2M may adopt the fibrillar configuration of amyloid in certain pathologic states. The capacity to assemble into amyloid fibrils is concentration dependent. B2M has been shown as a marker for monitoring inflammatory disease activity and it appears likely to have a destructive role in amyloidosis-related arthritis. B2M might be involved in the OA (osteoarthritis) pathogenesis. Defects in B2M are the cause of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia. Affected individuals show marked reduction in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and albumin, probably due to rapid degradation. B2M could be a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Human Borrelia IgM burgdorferi sensu stricto LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination of huma n Borrelia IgM burgdorferi sensu stricto in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM
Human Borrelia IgM burgdorferi sensu stricto LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination of huma n Borrelia IgM burgdorferi sensu stricto in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
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10 µg-The Thermo Scientific pEF1α Tluc16 Vector encodes the smallest known luciferase, TurboLuc16 (Tluc16) luciferase, as a reporter under a modified version of the Elongated Factor 1α (EF1α) promoter for constitutive Tluc16 luciferase expression in 1 * 10 µG
Supplier: Thermo Fisher Scientific
10 µg-The Thermo Scientific pEF1α Tluc16 Vector encodes the smallest known luciferase, TurboLuc16 (Tluc16) luciferase, as a reporter under a modified version of the Elongated Factor 1α (EF1α) promoter for constitutive Tluc16 luciferase expression in 1 * 10 µG
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Mouse recombinant Syndecan 4
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Mouse SDC4 is a ubiquitous transmembrane proteoglycan which belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. SDC4 is a cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulphate. The four vertebrate syndecans, Syndecan-1 through -4, have similar short cytoplasmic domains and extracellular portions that diverge, except for HS attachment sites. Structurally diverse side chains add considerably to the size of the core proteins and serve as binding sites for growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. Syndecans are present as homodimers or multimers, and are often expressed in developmental and cell type-specific patterns. It is expressed highly in liver, kidney and lung. SDC4 localises to the focal adhesions of adherent cells and binds to a range of extracellular ligands, including growth factors and extracellular-matrix proteins. Through its extracellular domain, syndecan-4 cooperates with adhesion molecules and binds matrix components relevant for cell migration. As a heparan sulphate proteoglycan, SDC4 works as a coreceptor for various growth factors. Syn4 deficiency limits neointimal formation after vascular injury by regulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) mobilisation. SDC4 have an array of functions including regulating cell growth, differentiation, and adhesion.
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Mouse recombinant LIMPII
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Lysosome membrane protein II (LIMPII),also known as SCARB2, is a type III multi-pass membrane glycoprotein that is located primarily in limiting membranes of lysosomes and endosomes on all tissues and cell types so far examined. Earlier studies in mice and rat suggested that this protein may participate in membrane transportation and the reorganisation of endosomal/lysosomal compartment. The protein deficiency in mice was reported to impair cell membrane transport processes and cause pelvic junction obstruction, deafness, and peripheral neuropathy. Further studies in human showed that this protein is identified as a receptor for EV71 (human enterovirus species A, Enterovirus 71) and CVA16 (coxsackievirus A16) which are most frequently associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in this gene caused an autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy-4 (EPM4), also known as action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In addition, LIMPII also has been shown to bind thrombospondin-1, may contribute to the pro-adhesive changes of activated platelets during coagulation, and inflammation.
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Human recombinant beta-2-Microglobulin (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
beta -2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a secreted protein with 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain which belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family. B2M component of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Polymers of beta 2-microglobulin can be found in tissues from patients on long-term hemodialysis. B2M is a protein found on the surface of many cells and plentiful on the surface of white blood cells. Serum B2M concentration is increased in renal diseases, various malignant diseases and some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. B2M may adopt the fibrillar configuration of amyloid in certain pathologic states. The capacity to assemble into amyloid fibrils is concentration dependent. B2M has been shown as a marker for monitoring inflammatory disease activity and it appears likely to have a destructive role in amyloidosis-related arthritis. B2M might be involved in the OA (osteoarthritis) pathogenesis. Defects in B2M are the cause of hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia. Affected individuals show marked reduction in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and albumin, probably due to rapid degradation. B2M could be a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Mouse recombinant S100 calcium binding B (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
S100-B, is an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 21 kDa belonging to the S100 family. S100-B contains two EF-hand-type calcium-binding motifs separated by a hinge region with a hydrophobic cleft. S100-B plays an important role in neurodevelopment, differentiation, and brain construction. S100-B has neuroprotective effects, but at high concentrations S100-B is neurotoxic. Extracellular concentration of S100-B increases following brain damage, which easily penetrates into cerebrospinal fluid in brain damage and then into the blood. S100-B is expressed and produced by astrocytes in vertebrate brains and in the CNS, and the astrocytes are the major cells producing S100-B protein in grey matter, as well as oligodendrocytes are the predominant S100-B in protein producing cells in white matter. The major advantage of using S100-B is that elevations in serum or CSF levels provide a sensitive measure for determining CNS injury at the molecular level before gross changes develop, enablling timely delivery of crucial medical intervention before irreversible damage occurs. In addition, S100-B, which is also present in Mouse melanocytes, is a reliable marker for melanoma malignancy both in biotic tissue and in serum.
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Human Recombinant CCL26 (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Chemokine (C C Motif) Ligand 26 (CCL26) is a novel small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family, which involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. CCL26 is expressed constitutively in thymus, but only transiently in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It specifically binds and induces chemotaxis in T cells and elicits its effects by interacting with the chemokine receptor CCR4. Eotaxin-3/CCL26, along with Eotaxin-1 and Eotaxin-2, selectively activates the CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). The Eotaxin-3-CCR3 interaction may play an important role in allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. The full-length cDNA for Eotaxin-3 encodes a protein of 94 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of either 23 or 26 amino acid residues. Both the 71 and 68 amino acid residue variants of recombinant Eotaxin-3 demonstrate equal potency in inducing chemotaxis of a human CCR3-transfected cell line. Unlike most other CC chemokines, Eotaxin-3 maps to human chromosome 7q11.2, within 40 kilobases of the Eotaxin-2 loci. Eotaxin-3 and Eotaxin-2 are unique in that they are the only chemokines identified to date that map to chromosome 7.
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Human Borrelia IgG burgdorferi sensu stricto LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination of huma n Borrelia IgG burgdorferi sensu stricto in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM
Human Borrelia IgG burgdorferi sensu stricto LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination of huma n Borrelia IgG burgdorferi sensu stricto in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
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Human Borrelia + Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination o f human Borrelia + TBEV IgG in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM
Human Borrelia + Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination o f human Borrelia + TBEV IgG in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
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This kit uses click chemistry to conjugate HRP to primary antibodies after biotinylation for sequential, high sensitivity multiplex IHC with tyramide signal amplification (TSA). 1 * 250 Tests
Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM
This kit uses click chemistry to conjugate HRP to primary antibodies after biotinylation for sequential, high sensitivity multiplex IHC with tyramide signal amplification (TSA). 1 * 250 Tests
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Human Borrelia + Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgM LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination o f human Borrelia + TBEV IgM in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
Supplier: ANTIBODIES.COM
Human Borrelia + Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgM LIA is a Line Immunoassay designed for the in vitro qualititative determination o f human Borrelia + TBEV IgM in serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. 1 * 16 Tests
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Eppendorf Tubes® Microtubes with Screw Cap, 5,0 ml
Supplier: EPPENDORF
Eppendorf Tubes® with screw cap are an ideal choice when working with medium-sized sample volumes (0,5 to 5,0 ml). SafeCode variants enhance sample identification, while the BioBased option, manufactured using renewable resources, provides an eco-friendly alternative without compromising performance.
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Human recombinant IL22 (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interleukin-22(IL-22) is a member of a group of the IL-10 family, a class of potent mediators of cellular inflammatory responses. IL-22 is produced by activated DC and T cells. IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains play a role in cellular targeting and signal transduction. It can initiate and regulate innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens especially in epithelial cells such as respiratory and gut epithelial cells. IL-22 along with IL-17 likely plays a role in the coordinated response of both adaptive and innate immune systems. IL-22 also promotes hepatocyte survival in the liver and epithelial cells in the lung and gut similar to IL-10. Biological activity of IL-22 is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex consisting of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. IL-22 biological activity is further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP. IL-22BP and an extracellular region of IL-22R1 share sequence similarity. In some cases, the pro-inflammatory versus tissue-protective functions of IL-22 are regulated by cytokine IL-17A.
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Human recombinant IL1R1 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL-1R1) is an interleukin receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL-1R1 is an 80 kDa transmembrane protein that is expressed predominantly by T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This gene along with IL1R2, IL1RL2, and IL1RL1 form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12. IL-1R1 is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. It binds to interleukin-1 associates with the coreceptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK and other pathways. The signalling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. It also binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signalling complex. An IL1 receptor accessory protein that can heterodimerise with the Type I receptor in the presence of IL1 alpha or IL1β but not IL1ra, was identified. Recombinant IL1 soluble receptor Type I is a potent antagonist of IL1 action.
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IGG (MOUSE) ALPHALISA DETECTION KIT, 500 1 * 1 KIT
Supplier: PerkinElmer
IGG (MOUSE) ALPHALISA DETECTION KIT, 500 1 * 1 KIT
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E.Z.N.A.® Total RNA Kit I
Supplier: OMEGA BIO-TEK
Isolate total RNA from cells or soft tissues using spin column.
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Montage® Plasmid Miniprep 96 Kits
Supplier: Merck
Plasmid Miniprep 96 kit is a quick and easy-to-use kit that produces clean and reproducible DNA in half a time than traditional methods.
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Human Recombinant BID (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
BH3-Interacting Domain Death Agonist (BID) is a member of the Bcl-2 protein family which regulates outer mitochondrial membrane permeability. BID is a pro-apoptotic member that causes cytochrome c to be released from the mitochondria intermembrane space into the cytosol. Interaction of Bid with Bak causes altered mitochondrial membrane permeability. BID contains only the BH3 domain, which is required for its interaction with the Bcl-2 family proteins and for its pro-death activity. BID is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by caspases, calpains, Granzyme B and cathepsins. It is an integrating key regulator of the intrinsic death pathway that amplifies caspase-dependent and caspase-independent execution of neuronal apoptosis. Therefore pharmacological inhibition of BID provides a promising therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases where programmed cell death is prominent, and also offer a new strategy for the treatment of acute renal failure associated with ischemia-reperfusion. BID receives direct inputs from a key regulator of the cell cycle arrest/DNA repair machinery (ATM), and therefore is an excellent candidate to coordinate genotoxic stress responses and apoptotic cell death. BID is a novel pro-apoptosis Bcl-2 family protein that is activated by caspase 8 in response to Fas/TNF-R1 death receptor signals. Deletion of BID inhibits carcinogenesis in the liver, although this genetic alteration promotes tumorigenesis in the myeloid cells. This is likely related to the function of BID to promote cell cycle progression into S phase. BID could be also involved in the maintenance of genomic stability by engaging at mitosis checkpoint.
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Human Recombinant CCL26 (from E. coli)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Chemokine Ligand 26 protein (CCL26) is a novel small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family which is involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. CCL26 is constitutively expressed in thymus, but only transiently expressed in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It specifically binds and induces chemotaxis in T cells and elicits its effects by interacting with the chemokine receptor CCR4. CCL26, along with Eotaxin-1 and Eotaxin-2, selectively activates the CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). The Eotaxin-3-CCR3 interaction may play an important role in allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. The full-length cDNA for CCL26 encodes a protein of 94 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of either 23 or 26 amino acid residues. Both the 71 and 68 amino acid residue variants of recombinant CCL26 demonstrate equal potency in inducing chemotaxis of a human CCR3-transfected cell line. Unlike most other CC chemokines, CCL26 maps to human chromosome 7q11.2, within 40 kilobases of the Eotaxin-2 loci. CCL26 and Eotaxin-2 are unique in that they are the only chemokines identified to date that map to chromosome 7.
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Human recombinant VSIG4 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
V-Set and Immunoglobulin Domain-Containing Protein 4 (VSIG4) is a 45-50 kDa macrophage-specific transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the B7 family-related protein and an Ig superfamily member. In contrast to the B7 family members which contain two IgG domains, VSIG4 contains one complete V-type Ig domain and a truncated C-type I g domain. VSIG4 is abundantly expressed in several fetal tissues. In adult tissues, the highest expression of VSIG4 is in lung and placenta. It is also expressed in resting macrophages. No VSIG4 expression appears to be present in T and B cells. The specific expression of VSIG4 on resting macrophages in tissue suggests that this inhibitory ligand may be important for the maintenance of T cell unresponsiveness in healthy tissues. VSIG4 functions as a negative regulator of T cell activation, and may be involved in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance, and is also identified as a potent suppressor of established inflammation. VSIG4 is a phagocytic receptor, strong negative regulator of T-cell proliferation and IL2 production. It is a potent inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway convertases. Human VSIG4 is 399 amino acids (aa) in length. It is a type I transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein that contains a 264 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (aa 20 - 283) and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region.
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Human recombinant Activin Receptor IA (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Activin receptor type-1, also known as Activin receptor type I, Activin receptor-like kinase 2, Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R1, TGF-B superfamily receptor type I, ACVRLK2 and ACVR1, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. ACVR1 is expressed in normal parenchymal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and tumor-derived epithelial cells. ACVR1 belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. ACVR1 signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors.
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Human recombinant LAIR1 (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Leukocyte-Associated Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor 1 (LAIR1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein. LAIR1 expressed on the majority of peripheral mononuclear cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, highly in naive T-cells and B-cells. As an inhibitory receptor, LAIR1 plays a constitutive negative regulatory role on cytolytic function of natural killer (NK) cells, B-cells and T-cells. Activation by Tyr phosphorylation results in recruitment and activation of the phosphatases PTPN6 and PTPN11. It also reduces the increase of intracellular calcium evoked by B-cell receptor ligation. LAIR1 plays inhibitory role independently of SH2-containing phosphatases and modulates cytokine production in CD4+ T-cells. It down-regulates IL2 and IFNG production while inducing secretion of transforming growth factor beta, also down-regulates IgG and IgE production in B-cells as well as IL8, IL10 and TNF secretion. LAIR1 inhibits the differentiation of peripheral blood precursors towards dendritic cells. It also restrains proliferation and induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as prevents nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B p65 subunit/RELA and phosphorylation of I-kappa-B alpha/CHUK in these cells.
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Human recombinant IFN alpha (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
The Interferon- alpha/ beta Receptor 1 (IFN- alpha/ beta R1) is a receptor which binds Type I Interferons including Interferon- alpha and - beta . It is a cell surface receptor and heteromeric receptor composed of one chain with two subunits referred to as IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. IFN- alpha/ beta R1, in association with IFN- alpha/ beta R2, is required for propagating antiviral signal transduction triggered by IFN- alpha and IFN- beta . IFN- alpha/ beta R1 interacts very weakly or not at all with type 1 interferons and does not stably interact with IFN- alpha/ beta R2. Ligands associate with IFN- alpha/ beta R2, and this complex subsequently forms a stable ternary assembly with IFN- alpha/ beta R1. IFN- alpha/ beta R1 also associates with IFN- gamma R2 even in the absence of IFN- gamma stimulation. Human IFN- alpha/ beta R1 contains a nuclear localization signal in its extracellular domain that is required for receptor translocation to the nucleus following interaction with ligand. Interferon stimulation results in an immunologic response that is especially associated with viruses.
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Human recombinant Fc-gamma RIIb (from cells)
Supplier: ProSci Inc.
Fc gamma RIIB is a low affinity receptor that recognizes the Fc portion of IgG. The human CD32 group consists of Fc gamma RIIA, Fc gamma RIIB, and Fc gamma RIIC proteins that share 94-99% sequence identity in their extracellular domains but differ substantially in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Fc gamma RII protein is expressed on cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages as well as on cells of non-hematopoietic origin. Fc gamma RIIB has an intrinsic cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and delivers an inhibitory signal upon ligand binding. Ligation of Fc gamma RIIB on B cells down-regulates antibody production and in some circumstances may promote apoptosis. Co-ligation of Fc gamma RIIB on dendritic cells inhibits maturation and blocks cell activation. Fc gamma RIIB may also be a target for monoclonal antibody therapy for malignancies. Fc gamma RIIB plays an important negative-regulating role through modulating the signals from activation receptors.