31756 Results for: "Benzoyl+isothiocyanate"

Supplier: Bioss

Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases and 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Considered to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias. The C9orf85 gene product has been provisionally designated C9orf85 pending further characterisation. There are three isoforms of C9orf85 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases and 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Considered to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias. The C9orf91 gene product has been provisionally designated C9orf91 pending further characterisation. There are three isoforms of C9orf91 that are produced as a result of alternative splicing events.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf103 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 103), also known as gluconate kinase, is a 187 amino acid protein that belongs to the gluconokinase gntK/gntV family and catalyses the conversion of ATP and D-gluconate to ADP and 6-D-gluconate. Existing as three alternatively spliced isoforms, the gene encoding C9orf103 maps to human chromosome 9q21.32. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatiblity complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf70 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf70 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

Made up of nearly 146 million bases, chromosome 8 encodes about 800 genes. Translocation of portions of chromosome 8 with amplifications of the c-Myc gene are found in some leukemias and lymphomas, and typically associated with a poor prognosis. Portions of chromosome 8 have been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Trisomy 8, also known as Warkany syndrome 2, most often results in early miscarriage but is occasionally seen in a mosaic form in surviving patients who suffer to a varying degree from a number of symptoms including retarded mental and motor development, and certain facial and developmental defects. WRN is a DNA helicase encoded by chromosome 8 and shown defective in those with the early aging disorder Werner syndrome. Chromosome 8 is also associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism and Waardenburg syndrome. The C8orf31 gene product has been provisionally designated C8orf31 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf25 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 25) is a 185 amino acid protein that exists as seven alternatively spliced isoforms that are encoded by a gene located on human chromosome 9. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf30 is a 275 amino acid protein that is expressed in brain and belongs to the UPF0439 family. The gene encoding C9orf30 maps to human chromosome 9q31.1. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Bioss

Made up of nearly 146 million bases, chromosome 8 encodes about 800 genes. Translocation of portions of chromosome 8 with amplifications of the c-Myc gene are found in some leukemias and lymphomas, and typically associated with a poor prognosis. Portions of chromosome 8 have been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Trisomy 8, also known as Warkany syndrome 2, most often results in early miscarriage but is occasionally seen in a mosaic form in surviving patients who suffer to a varying degree from a number of symptoms including retarded mental and motor development, and certain facial and developmental defects. WRN is a DNA helicase encoded by chromosome 8 and shown defective in those with the early aging disorder Werner syndrome. Chromosome 8 is also associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism and Waardenburg syndrome. The C8orf33 gene product has been provisionally designated C8orf33 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT4 antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa protein which acts as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) in its interaction with MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. The extracellular domain of CD4 binds to the beta-2 domain of MHC Class II, while its cytoplasmic tail provides a binding site for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating the signaling cascade that initiates T cell activation. CD4, and co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, may also be utilized by HIV-1 to enter T cells. Human CD4 is typically expressed on thymocytes, some mature T cell populations such as Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, as well as on dendritic cells.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatiblity complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf57 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf57 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatiblity complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf154 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf154 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatiblity complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf165 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf165 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

Making up nearly 6% of the human genome, chromosome 6 contains around 1200 genes within 170 million base pairs of sequence. Deletion of a portion of the q arm of chromosome 6 is associated with early onset intestinal cancer suggesting the presence of a cancer susceptibility locus. Porphyria cutanea tarda is associated with chromosome 6 through the HFE gene which, when mutated, predisposes an individual to developing this porphyria. Notably, the PARK2 gene, which is associated with Parkinson's disease, and the genes encoding the major histocompatiblity complex proteins, which are key molecular components of the immune system and determine predisposition to rheumatic diseases, are also located on chromosome 6. Stickler syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and maple syrup urine disease are also associated with genes on chromosome 6. A bipolar disorder susceptibility locus has been identified on the q arm of chromosome 6. The C6orf195 gene product has been provisionally designated C6orf195 pending further characterisation.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf21 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 21) is a 226 amino acid protein that belongs to the UPF0308 family and is encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 9q22.33. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The HP-3G10 antibody is specific for human CD161, also known as NKR-P1A, a type II transmembrane lectin-like receptor and member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family. CD161 exists as a homodimer which is prominently expressed on natural killer (NK) and NKT cells, where it is proposed to regulate the function of both cell types. CD161 is also found on T cell subsets, including T regulatory cells (Tregs), memory/effector CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. Th17 cells have been demonstrated to co-express CD161, as surface IL-17A+ cells are contained within the CD161+ fraction of CD4 T cells, so that CD161 (in combination with CCR6) is often used as a marker for enrichment of Th17 cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3G3 antibody reacts with mouse Foxp3, a 50-55 kDa transcription factor which is a central regulator of T cell activity and is critical for the development and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3 is expressed at constitutively high levels in Treg cells, which are further identified as being CD4+ CD25+. In resting conventional T cells (CD4+ CD25-) Foxp3 expression is restricted, and upon TCR activation is expressed only transiently and in a small proportion of cells. However, the growth factor TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 in naïve T cells, driving their development into Foxp3+ Tregs, which are called “induced” or “adaptive” Tregs. These cells are phenotypically similar to so-called “natural” Tregs (CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+) which originate in the thymus and comprise the majority of Treg cells. Tregs are critical for maintaining peripheral tolerance and are implicated in the development of autoimmunity.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The RA3-6B2 antibody reacts with the human and mouse CD45 isoform known as CD45R, or B220, a protein tyrosine phosphatase of 220 kDa. CD45 is one of the most abundant hematopoietic markers, and is expressed on all leukocytes (the Leukocyte Common Antigen, LCA). Various isoforms are generated and expressed in cell-specific patterns, all critical for leukocyte function. In mouse, the CD45R/B220 isoform is predominantly found on B cells, at varying levels on all stages from pro-B cells to activated B cells, and may also be detected on certain T cell and NK cell subsets. It is of note that B220 is not similarly expressed on human B cells, where it appears to be differentiation-specific and therefore expressed on only some B cell subsets. Other forms of CD45 with restricted cellular expression include CD45RA, CD45RB and CD45RO.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf169 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 169) is a 423 amino acid single-pass membrane protein that belongs to the clpA/clpB family and torsin subfamily. The gene encoding C9orf169 maps to human chromosome 9q34.3. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The OKT8 antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The UCHT1 antibody is specific for human CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. These interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation), inducing cell proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The ICRF44 antibody reacts with human CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M. This 165-170 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha M (CD11b) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as Macrophage Antigen-1 (Mac-1) or complement receptor type 3 (CR3). This receptor binds and induces intracellular signaling through ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3 and ICAM-4 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 53-6.7 antibody reacts with the 32-34 kDa alpha subunit of mouse CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor in antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf140 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 140), also known as TS/MDEP (tumor specificity and mitosis phase-dependent expression protein) or p42.3, is a 394 amino acid nuclear and cytoplasmic protein encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 9q34.3. Chromosome 9 consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Thought to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 3.9 antibody reacts with human CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The 145-2C11 antibody is specific for mouse CD3e, also known as CD3 epsilon, a 20 kDa subunit of the T cell receptor complex, along with CD3 gamma and CD3 delta. These integral membrane protein chains assemble with additional chains of the T cell receptor (TCR), as well as CD3 zeta chain, to form the T cell receptor – CD3 complex. Together with co-receptors CD4 or CD8, the complex serves to recognize antigens bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. Such interactions promote T cell receptor signaling (T cell activation) and can result in a number of cellular responses including proliferation, differentiation, production of cytokines or activation-induced cell death. CD3 is differentially expressed during thymocyte-to-T cell development and on all mature T cells.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The N418 antibody reacts with mouse CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X. This 150 kDa cell surface glycoprotein is part of a family of integrin receptors that mediate adhesion between cells (cell-cell) and components of the extracellular matrix, e.g. fibrinogen (cell-matrix). In addition, integrins are active signaling receptors which recruit leukocytes to inflammatory sites and promote cell activation. Complete, functional integrin receptors consist of distinct combinations of integrin chains which are differentially expressed. Integrin alpha X (CD11c) assembles with Integrin beta-2 (CD18) into a receptor complex known as CR4 which can bind and induce signaling through ICAMs and VCAM-1 on endothelial cells and can also facilitate removal of iC3b bearing foreign cells.

Supplier: Bioss

C8orf58 (chromosome 8 open reading frame 58) is a 365 amino acid protein that exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms, which are encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 8p21. Consisting of nearly 146 million bases, chromosome 8 encodes about 800 genes. Translocation of portions of chromosome 8 with amplifications of the c-Myc gene are found in some leukemias and lymphomas, and are typically associated with a poor prognosis. Portions of chromosome 8 have been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Trisomy 8, also known as Warkany syndrome 2, most often results in early miscarriage but is occasionally seen in a mosaic form in surviving patients who suffer to a varying degree from a number of symptoms including retarded mental and motor development, and certain facial and developmental defects. WRN is a DNA helicase encoded by chromosome 8 and shown defective in those with the early aging disorder Werner syndrome. Chromosome 8 is also associated with Pfeiffer syndrome, congenital hypothyroidism and Waardenburg syndrome.

Supplier: Bioss

C9orf5 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 5), also known as CG2, is a 911 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein that is widely expressed and exists as four alternatively spliced isoforms. The gene encoding C9orf5 maps to human chromosome 9, which consists of about 145 million bases, represents 4% of the human genome and encodes nearly 900 genes. Considered to play a role in gender determination, deletion of the distal portion of 9p can lead to development of male to female sex reversal, the phenotype of a female with a male X,Y genotype. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, which is characterised by harmful vascular defects, is associated with the chromosome 9 gene encoding endoglin protein, ENG. Familial dysautonomia is also associated with chromosome 9 though through the gene IKBKAP. Notably, chromosome 9 encompasses the largest interferon family gene cluster. Chromosome 9 is partnered with chromosome 22 in the translocation leading to the aberrant production of BCR-ABL fusion protein often found in leukemias.

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The PK136 antibody is specific for mouse NK1.1, a type II transmembrane lectin-like receptor and member of the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family. NK1.1 is prominently expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, and is correlated with NK cytotoxic effects toward virus-infected cells and tumor cells. NK1.1 is expressed on subsets of NKT cells in certain mouse strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N, and NZB), yet absent from others (AKR, BALB/c, CBA/J, C3H, DBA/1, DBA/2, NOD, SJL, and 129). Putative subsets of NK cells and their expression of NK1.1 antigen are of continuing interest, including NK1.1+/CD117+ (c-Kit) cells reported to be immunosuppressive for CD8+ T cells in a mechanism involving PD-1 and PD-L1 (Ehlers et al. 2012. Endocrinology. 10: 1247).

Supplier: Tonbo Biosciences

The Hit8a antibody is specific for the 32-34 kDa alpha chain of human CD8, known as CD8a or CD8 alpha. CD8a can form a homodimer (CD8 alpha-alpha), but is more commonly expressed as a heterodimer with a second chain known as CD8b or CD8 beta. CD8 acts as a co-receptor for antigen recognition and subsequent T cell activation that is initiated upon binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to antigen-bearing MHC Class I molecules. The cytoplasmic domains of CD8 provide binding sites for the tyrosine kinase lck, facilitating intracellular signaling events that lead to T cell activation, development, and cytotoxic effector functions. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play an important role in inducing cell death of tumor cells, as well as cells infected by virus, bacteria or parasites.