"Shenandoah Biotechnology"

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Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3 ligand) is a growth factor that regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. FLT-3 ligand signaling is transmitted through the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) receptor. FLT-3 ligand promotes the long-term expansion and differentiation of pro-B cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) or in combination of IL-7 and interleukin 3 (IL-3).

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Interleukin 17F (IL-17F), a member of the IL-17 cytokine family, is secreted by activated CD4+ T cells and monocytes. IL-17F binds the IL-17 receptor related molecule, IL17RC, to promote the production of the interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cytokines.

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, and T cells. GM-CSF stimulates the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells. GM-CSF promotes immune system development and regulates neutrophil function during infection.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with VEGF-165 being the most abundant. The VEGF-165 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.

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Fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF-6) is a heparin-binding growth factor that is expressed in epithelial and mesenchymal lineages. FGF-6 binds and signals through the FGF receptors FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4. FGF-6 functions as a mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. FGF-6 is also an important factor driving muscle differentiation and regeneration.

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Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine made by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. SCF binds to the receptor c-Kit/CD117 and plays a critical role in the maintenance, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. While human SCF shows no activity on murine cells, murine and rat SCF are active on human cells.

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory lymphokine that functions during cell-mediated immmunity. MIF promotes fibroblast migration by inducing interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In interferon-gamma-activated macrophages, MIF stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is produced by a wide variety of cell types, including tumor and vascular cells. VEGF-A is a mediator of vascular growth, vascular permeability, and plays a role in stimulating vasodilation via nitric oxide-dependent pathways. VEGF-A has several alternatively spliced isoforms, with one being VEGF-121. The VEGF-121 isoform is a secreted protein that acts on receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 to modulate endothelial cell function.

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Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-ƴ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), made by macrophages and regulatory T cells. IL-10 also suppresses antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells, and enhances the survival, proliferation, and antibody production of B cells.

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Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic), also known as FGF-2, is expressed by endothelial cells and is a mediator of angiogenesis. FGF-basic also has cardioprotective functions during heart injury. The application of FGF-basic is a critical component for human embryonic stem cell culture systems and is necessary for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state.

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Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are multifunctional peptides that regulate growth and differentiation in most cell types. The TGF-β family of proteins signal through serine/threonine kinase receptors. TGF-β isoforms (TGF-β1, -β2, and –β3) have overlapping, yet distinct biological actions in developing and adult tissues. TGF-β3 is an important factor in regulating cell adhesion and accelerating wound repair. TGF-β3 also functions during osteoblast proliferation, chemotaxis, and collagen synthesis.

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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) is a mitogen and survival factor for nerve and mesenchymal cells. FGF-9 functions as an autocrine and paracrine factor to support the growth and survival of motor neurons and prostate tissue. FGF-9 expression in the gonad is also necessary for sex determination.

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Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely produced by a variety of cells. M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into monocyte and macrophage cell types.

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Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-acidic), also known as FGF-1, is a potent inducer of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and has chemotactic activities. FGF-acidic regulates cardiogenesis through protein kinase C signaling. FGF-acidic also functions as an insulin sensitizer and mediates adipose tissue remodeling. High serum levels of FGF-acidic are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a pathogenic role of FGF-acidic during T2DM.

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US-made bioactive recombinant proteins offer rigid quality testing and low manufacturer pricing.

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Neuregulin 1-beta (NRG1-β) is one of many alternatively-spliced isoforms of the NRG1 gene and contains a soluble EGF-like domain. The EGF-like domain of NRG1-β signals through the ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinases. NRG1-β is an important growth factor involved in neuroinflammation, nerve regeneration, and cardiovascular processes.