"Other Essentials"

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

PAX8 is a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. Members of this gene family typically encode proteins which contain a paired box domain, an octapeptide, and a paired-type homeodomain. The PAX gene family has an important role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development and maintaining the normal function of some cells after birth. The PAX genes give instructions for making proteins that attach themselves to certain areas of DNA. This nuclear protein is involved in thyroid follicular cell development and expression of thyroid-specific genes. PAX8 releases the hormones important for regulating growth, brain development, and metabolism. Also functions in very early stages of kidney organogenesis, the müllerian system, and the thymus. Additionally, PAX8 is expressed in the renal excretory system, epithelial cells of the endocervix, endometrium, ovary, Fallopian tube, seminal vesicle, epididymis, pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells. PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating the genes that drive thyroid hormone synthesis (Tg, TPO, Slc5a5 and Tshr).

PAX8 (and PAX2) is one of the important regulators of urogenital system morphogenesis. They play a role in the specification of the first renal cells of the embryo and remain essential players throughout development. [Wiki].

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2), also known as butyrophilin B7-DC or PDCD1 ligand 2, belongs to the member of B7 family which can regulate the activation and tolerance of T cells. PD-L2 is one ligand for Programmed cell death 1(PD-1), and the other is PD-L1. These two ligands shares 34% aa sequence identity. Mouse PD-L2 gene encodes a 273 amino acids (aa) protein with a putative 19 aa signal peptide, a 201 aa extracellular region , a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 32 aa cytoplasmic region. The mouse PD-L2 gene is highly expressed in heart, placenta, pancreas, lung and liver while expressed weakly in spleen, lymph nodes and thymus. Besides, the expression of PD-L2 gene can be induced on dendritic cells grown from peripheral blood mononuclear cells under CSF2 and IL4/interleukin-4 treatment, and up-regulated by IFNG/IFN-gamma stimulation in monocytes. PD-L2 usually functions in a PDCD1-independent manner and is involved in regulating costimulatory signal which is essential for T-cell proliferation and IFNG production. Recent studies demonstrate that the expression of PD-L2 on the tumour cells promotes CD8 T cell–mediated rejection of tumour cells, at both the induction and effector phase of antitumour immunity. Moreover, PD-L2 binds to PD-1 cells and enhances T cell killing in a PD-1–independent mechanism.

Supplier: MERCK PRODUCTION CHEMICALS

Corresponds to Ph. Eur., BP, USP, E 307
Conforms to the purity criteria on food additives according to the current European Commission Regulation.
# specified acc. to EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4446/2000 (Specification limits for residues of metal catalysts or metal reagents).
Other residues of metal catalysts or metal reagents acc. to this guideline are not likely to be present.

Supplier: Stemcell Technologies

Stem cell factor (SCF) is an early-acting cytokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. SCF promotes cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and functional activation of cells at multiple levels of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Together with other cytokines such as thrombopoietin and Flt3/Flk-2 Ligand, SCF is commonly used to promote expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem cells and multi-potent progenitor cells in culture (Huang et al.; Kent et al.). In synergy with various growth factors, including IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, G-CSF, and erythropoietin, SCF increases proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells and a subset of lymphoid progenitor cells (Broudy). In the mouse, SCF is essential during fetal gonadal development (Mauduit). It is produced by stromal cells in the fetal liver, bone marrow, and thymus, in the central nervous system, in keratinocytes, and in the gut mucosa, and can function as a chemotactic and chemokinetic factor. SCF exists in two biologically active splice forms: a soluble and a transmembrane isoform. Upon binding to its receptor (c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor; CD117), it activates PI3K, JAK/STAT, and MAPK pathways. SCF and signaling from c-kit has also been reported to play an important role in pigmentation, fertility, vasculogenesis, motility of the gut via c-kit-positive interstitial cells of Cajal, and in the migration of neuronal stem and progenitor cells to sites of injury in the brain (Lennartsson and Ronnstrand).

Supplier: ProSci Inc.

MBD1 belongs to a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MBD1 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. Five transcript variants of the MBD1 are generated by alternative splicing resulting in protein isoforms that contain one MBD domain, two to three cysteine-rich (CXXC) domains, and some differences in the COOH terminus. All five transcript variants repress transcription from methylated promoters; in addition, variants with three CXXC domains also repress unmethylated promoter activity. DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. Five transcript variants of the MBD1 are generated by alternative splicing resulting in protein isoforms that contain one MBD domain, two to three cysteine-rich (CXXC) domains, and some differences in the COOH terminus. All five transcript variants repress transcription from methylated promoters; in addition, variants with three CXXC domains also repress unmethylated promoter activity. MBD1 and MBD2 map very close to each other on chromosome 18q21.

Supplier: G-Biosciences

The use of peptides for the generation of antibodies against specific peptides has become an essential tool in proteomic research. A crucial step in using peptides as antigens is their coupling to carrier proteins. Peptides are designed to be good epitopes by themselves; however they fail to elicit a strong antibody response. The reason for this is that the epitopes are able to bind to the B-cells, but are too small to contain additional motifs required to associate with class II molecules and T-cell receptors. The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response. All three carrier proteins are also offered as activated carrier proteins, named as ActiveHOOK™.

Supplier: Bioworld Technology

This gene encodes a member of the caspase recruitment domain-containing NLR family. Family members play essential roles in innate im mune response to a wide range of pathogenic organisms, tissue damage and other cellular stresses. 1 * 100 µG

Supplier: Abcam

Naturally occuring homolog of acetylcarnitine chloride. Essential for mitochondrial fatty acid transport and high-energy phosphate exchange.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Minimum Essential Medium Eagle With Earle's Salts and 2,0 g/L sodium bicarbonate Without L-glutamine, L-cysteine, L-cystine, and L-methionine is generally used to grow attached cell lines, such as fibroblasts, in the presence of FBS, calf or horse sera.

Supplier: Abcam

C-4 epimer of glucose. Aldohexose that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Supplier: Abcam

Highly sensitive, specific fluorescent detector for nitric oxide (NO). Essentially nonfluorescent until it reacts with NO to yield the highly fluorescent triazolofluorescein (DAF-2T).

Supplier: Abcam

Amide form of vitamin B₃. Plasma membrane and blood-brain barrier permeable. Precursor for β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Essential for the synthesis of NAD+ phosphate (NADP+). Essential for energy metabolism, normal physiology and disease progression. Associated with a number of signaling pathways including oxidative stress, cell survival and inflammation. These effects are orchestrated partly through forkhead, Akt, Bad, caspase, MAPK and PARP signaling. Non-selective sirtuin inhibitor. Commonly used as 3D growth matrix components and additive for long-term growth.

Supplier: Abcam

Cell permeable reagent for quantification of low concentrations of nitric oxide in solution. Essentially nonfluorescent until it is hydrolyzed to DAF-FM by intracellular esterases and reacts with NO to form a fluorescent benzotriazole.

Supplier: MP Biomedicals

Rich medium for the growth of E. coli and certified for plasmid and other bacterial cultures in liquid medium.

Supplier: Abcam

DNA Isolation Kit - Plasma/Serum (ab156893) is a complete set of essential components which enables the experimenter to efficiently isolate DNA from plasma, serum, and body fluids.

Supplier: Abcam

Selective TRPC4 channel blocker (IC₅₀ = 0,96 (fluorescence assay) - 2,6 μM (electrophysiological assay)). Selective versus TRPC6 (19-fold) and TRPC5 (9-fold). Essentially inactive at TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPA1 and TRPM8 channels at concentrations up to 22 μM.